{"title":"Learning-based control strategy for safe human-robot interaction exploiting task and robot redundancies","authors":"S. Calinon, I. Sardellitti, D. Caldwell","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5648931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5648931","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a control strategy for a robotic manipulator operating in an unstructured environment while interacting with a human operator. The proposed system takes into account the important characteristics of the task and the redundancy of the robot to determine a controller that is safe for the user. The constraints of the task are first extracted using several examples of the skill demonstrated to the robot through kinesthetic teaching. An active control strategy based on task-space control with variable stiffness is proposed, and combined with a safety strategy for tasks requiring humans to move in the vicinity of robots. A risk indicator for human-robot collision is defined, which modulates a repulsive force distorting the spatial and temporal characteristics of the movement according to the task constraints. We illustrate the approach with two human-robot interaction experiments, where the user teaches the robot first how to move a tray, and then shows it how to iron a napkin.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133354771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Fault-tolerant probabilistic sensor fusion for Multi-Agent Systems","authors":"Abdolkarim Pahliani, M. Spaan, P. Lima","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5650337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5650337","url":null,"abstract":"In this work we focus on the problem of probabilistic sensor fusion in Multi-Robot Multi-Sensor Systems (MRMS), taking into account that some sensors might fail or produce erroneous information. We study fusion methods that can successfully cope with situations of agreement, partial agreement, and disagreement between sensors. We define a set of specifications for fusion methods appropriate for MRMS environments. In light of these specifications, we review two popular algorithms for probabilistic sensor fusion, Linear Opinion Pool (LOP) and Logarithmic Opinion Pool (LGP). To overcome difficulties of applying them to a MRMS setting, a new method is introduced, p-norm Opinion Pool (POP). Comparing to LOP and LGP, POP is more compatible with the specifications and more flexible, successfully handling situations of agreement and disagreement between sensors. Through simulation and real-world experiments, we check performance of the POP and compare it with LOP and LGP. We also implement a real-world experiment through which the performance of POP is examined.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133231394","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kahina Boutoustous, G. Laurent, Eugen Dedu, L. Matignon, J. Bourgeois, N. L. Fort-Piat
{"title":"Distributed control architecture for smart surfaces","authors":"Kahina Boutoustous, G. Laurent, Eugen Dedu, L. Matignon, J. Bourgeois, N. L. Fort-Piat","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5650668","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5650668","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a distributed control architecture to perform part recognition and closed-loop control of a distributed manipulation device. This architecture is based on decentralized cells able to communicate with their four neighbors thanks to peer-to-peer links. Various original algorithms are proposed to reconstruct, recognize and convey the object levitating on a new contactless distributed manipulation device. Experimental results show that each algorithm does a good job for itself and that all the algorithms together succeed in sorting and conveying the objects to their final destination. In the future, this architecture may be used to control MEMS-arrayed manipulation surfaces in order to develop Smart Surfaces, for conveying, fine positioning and sorting of very small parts for micro-systems assembly lines.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128895616","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The D++ algorithm: Real-Time and collision-free path-planning for mobile robot","authors":"P. Cheng, Pin-Jyun Chen","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5652124","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5652124","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposed an improved algorithm that we call “D++” which can be applied to real-time and collision-free path -planning to solve some problems of common methods at present. D++ algorithm combines the Dijkstra's algorithm with sensor-based method so that D++ algorithm can deal with problems of unknown, large, complex, or dynamic environment, and need only local environmental information initially to find a shortest path. In the later of this article, we demonstrated some examples to show that D++ algorithm is very efficient for path-planning and also very practicable on real mobile robot system.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127633053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Yamini Nimmagadda, Karthik Kumar, Yung-Hsiang Lu, C. S. G. Lee
{"title":"Real-time moving object recognition and tracking using computation offloading","authors":"Yamini Nimmagadda, Karthik Kumar, Yung-Hsiang Lu, C. S. G. Lee","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5650303","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5650303","url":null,"abstract":"Mobile robots are widely used for computation-intensive tasks such as surveillance, moving object recognition and tracking. Existing studies perform the computation entirely on robot processors or on dedicated servers. The robot processors are limited by their computation capability; real-time performance may not be achieved. Even though servers can perform tasks faster, the communication time between robots and servers is affected by variations in wireless bandwidths. In this paper, we present a system for realtime moving object recognition and tracking using computation offloading. Offloading migrates computation to servers to reduce the computation time on the robots. However, the migration consumes additional time, referred as communication time in this paper. The communication time is dependent on data size exchanged and the available wireless bandwidth. We estimate the computation and communication needed for the tasks and choose to execute them on robot processors or servers to minimize the total execution time, in order to satisfy real-time constraints.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131310944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Optimal design and fabrication of a piezoactuated flexure XYZ parallel micropositioning stage","authors":"Qingsong Xu, Yangmin Li","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5652166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5652166","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the design and fabrication process of a new piezoelectrically actuated flexure-based XYZ compliant parallel-kinematics micropositioning stage with totally decoupled properties. The proposed XYZ stage consists of three limbs which are assembled in an orthogonal manner, and it has both input and output decoupling properties. Analytical models for kinematics, statics, and dynamics of the XYZ stage are established, which are validated by finite element analysis performed with ANSYS. Based on the derived models, architectural parameters of the stage are optimized and a prototype is developed for experimental studies. The results not only verify the effectiveness of the conducted optimum design but also confirm the well-decoupled performance of the XYZ stage, which will be used to execute micro-/nanomanipulation tasks.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"67 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131323687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"IQ-ASyMTRe: Synthesizing coalition formation and execution for tightly-coupled multirobot tasks","authors":"Yu Zhang, L. Parker","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5651186","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5651186","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents the IQ-ASyMTRe architecture, which is aimed to address both coalition formation and execution for tightly-coupled multirobot tasks in a single framework. Many task allocation algorithms have been previously proposed without explicitly enabling the sharing of robot capabilities. Inspired by information invariant theory, ASyMTRe was introduced which enables the sharing of sensory and computational capabilities by allowing information to flow among different robots via communication. However, ASyMTRe does not provide a solution for how a coalition should satisfy sensor constraints introduced by the sharing of capabilities while executing the assigned task. Furthermore, conversions among different information types1 are hardcoded, which limits the flexibility of ASyMTRe. Moreover, relationships between entities (e.g., robots) and information types are not explicitly captured, which may produce infeasible solutions from the start, as the defined information type may not correspond well to the current environment settings. The new architecture introduces a complete definition of information type to guarantee the feasibility of solutions; it also explicitly models information conversions. Inspired by our previous work, IQ-ASyMTRe uses measures of information quality to guide robot coalitions to satisfy sensor constraints (introduced by capability sharing) while executing tasks, thus providing a complete and general solution. We demonstrate the capability of the approach both in simulation and on physical robots to form and execute coalitions that share sensory information to achieve tightly-coupled tasks.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"64 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131879437","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Time-delayed bilateral teleoperation with force estimation for n-DOF nonlinear robot manipulators","authors":"J. Daly, David W. L. Wang","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5649183","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5649183","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel bilateral teleoperation algorithm for n degree of freedom nonlinear manipulators connected through communication networks with time delays. Central to this approach is the use of second order sliding mode unknown input observers for estimating the external forces acting on the manipulators. The use of these observers removes the need for both velocity and force sensors, leading to a lower cost hardware setup that provides all of the advantages of a position-force teleoperation algorithm. A proof of stability for each of the master and slave manipulators and their associated observers and controllers is given, as well as stability results for the entire closed loop in the presence of time delays. Experimental results are presented, confirming the validity of this approach in practice.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115373045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Robust online map merging system using laser scan matching and omnidirectional vision","authors":"Fredy Tungadi, W. Lui, L. Kleeman, R. Jarvis","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5654446","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5654446","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a probabilistic online map merging system for a single mobile robot. It performs intermittent exploration by fusing laser scan matching and omnidirectional vision. Moreover, it can also be adapted to a multi-robot system for large scale environments. Map merging is achieved by means of a probabilistic Haar-based place recognition system using omnidirectional images and is capable of discriminating new and previously visited locations in the current or previously collected maps. This dramatically reduces the search space for laser scan matching. The combination of laser range finding and omnidirectional vision is very attractive because they reinforce one another when there is sufficient structure and visual information in the environment. In other cases, they complement one another, leading to improved robustness of the system. This is the first system to combine a probabilistic Haar-based place recognition system using omnidirectional images with laser range finding to merge maps. The proposed system is also algorithmically simple, efficient and does not require any offline processing. Experimental results of the approach clearly illustrate that the proposed system can perform both online map merging and exploration robustly using a single robot configuration in a real indoor lab environment.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"309 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115443715","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Takahiro Okamoto, Takaaki Shiratori, S. Kudoh, K. Ikeuchi
{"title":"Temporal scaling of leg motion for music feedback system of a dancing humanoid robot","authors":"Takahiro Okamoto, Takaaki Shiratori, S. Kudoh, K. Ikeuchi","doi":"10.1109/IROS.2010.5652811","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/IROS.2010.5652811","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose a method to achieve temporal scaling of leg motions as a fundamental technique for a music feedback system of a dancing humanoid robot. We asked dancers to perform dance motion at normal musical tempo and faster musical tempos and observed how dancers modified performance for given musical tempos. The obtained insights from the observation are 1) a dancer needs to preserve leg postures that are important to emphasize dance expression, 2) there is a priority to determine what features of leg motion can be adjusted, and 3) stylistic leg motion resembles normal step motion if dancers cannot follow fast musical tempo completely. Based on these insights, we generate leg motion appropriately adjusted for changing musical tempo while maintaining balance. We validated our method via simulation experiments with a humanoid robot HRP-2.","PeriodicalId":420658,"journal":{"name":"2010 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-12-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115508212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}