{"title":"Afterword","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.5810/kentucky/9780813179339.003.0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5810/kentucky/9780813179339.003.0029","url":null,"abstract":"The author’s concerted efforts to discover the fate of the surviving Majors and Harlans in Liberia are unsuccessful. However, the epilogue reveals what happened to Ben’s widow, Lucy, and the rest of his family after his death; summarizes the remaining years of George Harlan, who had freed Agnes Harlan and her family; examines the continued work of the American Colonization Society; and looks at the subsequent and rocky history of the Republic of Liberia. The afterword concludes by noting that the vine-and-fig-tree passage in Micah is preceded by this one: “They shall beat their swords into plowshares, and their spears into pruning hooks: nation shall not lift up a sword against nation, neither shall they learn war any more.” The author ends by expressing her hope that the people of Liberia will be able to build a stable nation where they can all live in peace under their own vines and fig trees.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122831881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Scene of Suffering and Misery Is Beyond Description","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.10","url":null,"abstract":"All was not peaceful in Liberia in the months before the Majors and Harlans (the Majors’ former neighbors from Kentucky) arrived. In a flashback, chapter 5 reveals the violence that awaits the new settlers. Port Cresson is a small settlement established by the New York Colonization Society and the Young Men’s Colonization Society of Pennsylvania. The village, near where the Luna will disembark passengers a year later, is attacked by a group of indigenous warriors in June 1835. In a single horrible night, twenty people—three men, four women, and thirteen children—are slaughtered. Survivors flee to nearby Edina. The slave trade, supported by many of the indigenous ethnic groups, is behind the attack. The vice agent of the colony survives the attack, but he and his wife are done with Liberia and promptly sail for America. Thomas Buchanan, a cousin of James Buchanan who would later become president of the United States, replaces Hankinson as agent.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124432474","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"This Accursed Thing Slavery","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.21","url":null,"abstract":"In 1844, seventeen-year-old Wesley Harlan, Agnes Harlan’s son, writes to Ben Major and pens one of the most moving passages in the Major collection of letters. “I hope the United States are almost giving up the habit of slaveholding . . . I am ashamed of the U States or that part that indulges in this accursed thing slavery. . . .” This chapter explores the continuing slave trade and ongoing attempts to halt it along the West African coast. Wesley Harlan’s letter provides an overview of the governing structure of Liberia and its economy.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"249 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116413771","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Will Send You Some Coffee","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.20","url":null,"abstract":"In 1843, Ben Major and his family host a meeting of the local colonization society in their small Illinois town. Ben reads aloud a letter written by Tolbert Major but signed by him and his brother, Austin Major. The letter bears sad news: both Tolbert’s son Washington and Austin’s son Thomas have died. Tolbert’s house has been burned down. In a voice thick with emotion, Ben reads Tolbert’s words: “My loss was great. . . . But I do not feel no ways discouraged at all, for as long as life lasts and my health is good, I do not feel discouraged.” In the letter, Tolbert promises to send coffee to Ben—a promise he keeps. Ben looks up from the letter to his guests who are balancing coffee cups and says, “Brethren, that coffee will drink sweet without any sugar.”","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117145911","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"My Heart Yet Bleeds","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.15","url":null,"abstract":"Published history of the 1800s typically focuses on the accomplishments of white men. But a discussion of the colonization of Liberia would be incomplete without including the women. This chapter focuses on the involvement of women, black and white, in the colonization movement and the settlement of Liberia. Only about 10 percent of all slave owners were women, yet 21 percent of those who emancipated and colonized slaves were female. In the first two decades of colonization, 45 percent of the immigrants to Liberia were female, many of them widows or single mothers with small children. This chapter opens with the tale of Emily Tubman, a white woman from Georgia striving to free her slaves for migration, and the chapter includes the stories of several black women who start new lives in Liberia.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125556161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"We have Not Lived in Vain","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.30","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter opens with a quotation from an essay penned by Ben Major’s niece, Margaretta Major, in which she concludes that by living a Christian life, the faithful could draw others to Christ and “We [will] not have lived in vain nor labored in vain.” Ben, his family, and his friends live their faith daily, building churches and schools, and helping one another. Ben supports local merchants, pays tuition for one of his nieces, buys items to send to Liberia, donates land to the community, and practices the Thomsonian system of botanical medicine, nursing his neighbors back to health.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124428120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Send Me Some Carpenter Tools (and Bonnets)","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.29","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.29","url":null,"abstract":"In Austin Major’s letter to Ben in 1849, he shares family news and asks for carpentry tools, cloth, writing paper, and bonnets for his wife and daughter. The Liberian settlers do not know the Africans’ world; they know only their own world, and they try to recreate it in their new homeland. The men wear frock coats and top hats; the women wear American-style dresses, bonnets, and shawls. They continue to speak English, give English names to their children, and build American-style frame houses. Many of them also exhibit a sense of superiority or arrogance toward indigenous Africans, attitudes that will eventually tear the country asunder.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131908548","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Dark Clouds Begin to Disappear","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.18","url":null,"abstract":"Austin Major, Tolbert’s brother, adds a note to Ben in Tolbert’s 1840 letter. Austin tells Ben he was ill for two years after arriving in Liberia, his supplies were stolen, and his hut burned. He makes a business proposition: “I have suffered much since I come here, but the dark clouds begin to disappear again if you can send us some few articles of trade, such as tobacco, cloth, pipes, beads such as china beads; it will be a profit to both of us.” He asks Ben to write to George Harlan, the man who had owned Agnes and her children. Harlan and many other former slave owners do not maintain contact with their former slaves. Ben’s choice to continue helping Tolbert, Austin, and the others—while not unheard of for former slave owners—is not typical.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"68 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120918103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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