{"title":"We Are All Needy","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.13","url":null,"abstract":"In May 1839, about two and a half years after the Luna arrives in Bassa Cove, local warriors known as the Fishmen attack the settlement, and Tolbert’s youngest son, Washington, is wounded. Tolbert writes to Ben and tells him of the attack: “I have seen very many things since I have seen you. Some are new & interesting in the highest degree & some again are too horrible to mention. . . . We are all needy & should be glad if you would send us out some things, if you please. We are trying to get along again.” His words reflect two recurring themes: the settlers’ desire to succeed independently in their new life and the reluctant admission that continued help from America is necessary, at least initially. The chapter introduces Governor John J. Matthias and prominent settler Louis Sheridan.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125794189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Am Nothing but a Plain Christian","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.24","url":null,"abstract":"Ben Major, an early member of the Christian Church (Disciples of Christ), is deeply committed to his faith and is often referred to as “father” or “reverend.” In an 1846 letter to the American Colonization Society, Ben notes that his copies of the society’s publication are addressed to Rev. Ben Major. He asks them to drop the title in the future, saying that he is “nothing but a plain Christian,” a sentiment that ignores his significant contributions to the church. Chapter 19 details Ben’s involvement in the church, as well as that of his brothers and close friends.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126282161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bowing the Knee to Slavery","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.12","url":null,"abstract":"One common objection to the colonization movement was that it distracted from the fight for the abolition of slavery. Chapter 7 argues that the rift over slavery in America was deepening; antislavery and proslavery movements were moving toward extremes rather than reaching compromise or consensus. The chapter opens with the brutal murder of abolitionist newspaperman Elijah Lovejoy and discusses the gag rule passed in the US House of Representatives, which automatically tables any proposed legislation for the abolition of slavery. For enslaved and free black people in the United States, things are getting worse.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115684013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Thirst to Meet You in Bright Glory","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.32","url":null,"abstract":"On an ordinary spring morning in 1852, Ben Major and his wife Lucy are eating breakfast when they are interrupted by a frantic messenger. Ben’s only sister, Eliza Ann Davenport, is gravely ill with cholera. Ben rushes to her home, where he tries all his various botanical treatments for cholera, but to no avail. Eliza Ann dies, and within a short time it is clear that two of her sons and Ben are sick, too. All three of them die within a few days. With the deaths of Tolbert and Ben—six months apart—the remarkable correspondence between Bassa Cove and Walnut Grove ends, but the final letter from Liberia is not the last interaction between the Liberian colonists and the American Majors. Years later, Wesley Harlan travels from Liberia to pay his respects at Ben Major’s grave in Illinois.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117209143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Men of Advanced Views on the Subject of Education","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.27","url":null,"abstract":"On a sunny spring day in 1850, Ben Major takes a walk with the local schoolteacher, Asa Starbuck Fisher. At the top of a knoll, Ben stops and turns to glance back at a piece of land east of the school. He looks at Asa and says, “On that rise, we intend to build a college and we want you to be president.” The school Ben helps found becomes Eureka College, which still exists today. Reflecting the views of its founders, Eureka is only the third college in the nation to admit women on an equal basis with men.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133891605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"He Was Killed by Those Barbarous People","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.31","url":null,"abstract":"Tolbert Major yawns and glances at his brother-in-law, Asbury Harlan. All is quiet in Fishtown. Garrison duty is often boring. Usually, there are five men on guard and he has someone to talk to besides Asbury. However, on the morning of November 5, 1851, the three other guards have volunteered to help build houses for new arrivals. From his vantage point, Tolbert glances toward the settlement. Out of the corner of his eye, he spots movement in the underbrush. The hostile Fishmen kill Tolbert, Asbury, and several others in their assault on Fishtown. They attack Bassa Cove a few days later. Wesley Harlan is shot in the face and subsequently loses an eye. Tolbert’s widow writes to Ben and breaks the news.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116450441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Have Been in the Legislature","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.23","url":null,"abstract":"In January 1846, Wesley Harlan, now nineteen, visits Monrovia, sixty miles northwest of his home. As he walks around the capital, he recalls his arrival in Liberia ten years earlier. Now he’s come to Monrovia to attend a church conference and to witness the legislature in action. Following his visit, Wesley writes to James Moore, a former neighbor in Kentucky. Wesley provides valuable information about the colony and an extensive overview of the major settlements. James Moore later forwards Wesley’s letters to the American Colonization Society, which publishes them in their periodical, The\u0000 African Repository.\u0000","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124946155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Serious Doubts on the Slavery Question","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.9","url":null,"abstract":"After his return to Kentucky, Ben Major becomes deeply involved in the nascent Christian Church (Disciples of Christ); its founders, Alexander Campbell and Barton W. Stone, stridently oppose slavery. Ben had long harbored doubts about slavery. Now, driven by his new faith and memories of the brutal New Orleans slave markets, he decides to free his enslaved people. He becomes a life member of the American Colonization Society but learns that emancipation is not a simple process. Ben creates a multi-year plan that includes teaching his slaves to read and write. He also makes plans to move his own family from the slave state of Kentucky to the free state of Illinois and purchases land in Tazewell County, Illinois. When a colonization society agent, G. W. McElroy, travels through southwestern Kentucky, Ben’s slaves are turned over to him for transport to New York.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116736170","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"People of Culture and Refinement","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.8","url":null,"abstract":"Ben Major, who owned and then freed Tolbert, Austin, and their families, is a good-looking man with wavy dark hair, thick brows, and expressive eyes. In his late teens, he moves to New Orleans, where he and his brother work in a mercantile business. Slaves are one of the many commodities flowing into and out of the Crescent City. Ben is surrounded by slave markets and auction houses, and his time in the city influences his views on “the peculiar institution.” In 1819, following his brother’s death from yellow fever, Ben returns to Kentucky and marries Lucy Davenport. The couple settles in Christian County, Kentucky, where nearly half the population is enslaved. Supported by slave labor, the couple builds a home and farm, and starts a family.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127712188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"I Cannot Banish the Horrid Picture","authors":"S. Lindsey","doi":"10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv10h9dkd.19","url":null,"abstract":"In 1840, the white Liberian governor, Thomas Buchanan, steps aboard a schooner in Sierra Leone. The stench hits him immediately: sweat, vomit, putrefying wounds, human waste, and the unmistakable smell of corpses. Even a brisk sea breeze can’t sweep it away. The governor of Sierra Leone tells Buchanan that there were 427 slaves aboard the ship when it was captured off the coast of West Africa. One justification for colonization was that the presence of former slaves in Liberia would help discourage the slave trade. But despite laws, good intentions, and concerted efforts to halt the trade, it continues for decades after the first colonists arrive.","PeriodicalId":420624,"journal":{"name":"Liberty Brought Us Here","volume":"60 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-07-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131164575","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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