Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences最新文献

{"title":"Impact of Women’s Land Ownership Patterns on Intimate Partner Violence in Tanzania","authors":"Laurent Joseph","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.581","url":null,"abstract":"Strengthening women's ownership of and control over land is a significant development goal. \"The study aimed at analysing the lonely, joint, and title deed land ownership by women on intimate partner violence (IPV) they experience in region population variability in the Tanzanian context. This quantitative explanatory study used ANOVA and multi-linear regression to analyse secondary data from 2015-16 and 2022 TDHS-MIS reports and population and women who own land alone, each having a census in 2022 and its estimation in 2015 based on the 2012 census. A study found that the percentage increase of women who own land jointly with their intimate partners and those whose names are on land title deeds leads to a significant decrease in intimate partner violence (IPV) against women. An increase in the percentage of women who own land alone and that of the regional population as years advance, each lead to a significant increase in IPV against women in the Tanzanian context. The result of this study demonstrates the relevance of promoting joint land ownership in title deeds for both partners as some of the interventions that would reduce intimate partner violence against women. It also proposes regulation to curb the increasing rates of intimate partner violence in the context of increased regional and national populations. Therefore, the study recommends that interventions encourage joint land ownership with the names of each partner appearing on the land title deed while also regulating the growth of regional and national populations.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"16 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141355050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Moderating Effect of Inspirational Motivation on the Relationship between Succession Planning and Stability of Evangelical Churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya","authors":"Kepha Nyamweya Omae, David A. Oginde, Gladys Gakenia Njoroge","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.583","url":null,"abstract":"Leadership in churches has gained traction in recent years across the globe, particularly with regard to how decisions are made, and what leadership models to adopt that would both promote ministerial work and build a strong congregation. This study aimed to establish the moderating effect of inspirational motivation on the relationship between succession planning and the stability of Evangelical churches in Nairobi, Kenya. The study employed the use of a pragmatic research philosophy. The target population for this study constituted 300 Evangelical churches in Nairobi County, Kenya, with a total of 1200 leaders. Each church has a Presiding Bishop or General Overseer, the General Secretary, the Senior Pastor, and a Senior Deacon from the various church organizations who formed the respondents for the study. A sample size of 20% of the target population of 300 registered church organizations giving a total of 60 church organizations. In the 60 church organizations, there were 60 Presiding Bishops / General Overseers and 60 General Secretaries. Besides, there were 2 Senior Pastors and 2 Senior Deacons or elders conveniently sampled from each of the 60 church organizations, making a total of 360 leaders. Data was collected using a questionnaire that contained both structured and semi-structured questions. Correlation analysis and linear regression analysis were performed to assess the moderating effect of inspirational motivation on succession planning and Evangelical church stability, using SPSS version 27. The findings of the study indicated the existence of a positive and significant correlation between leadership succession planning, inspirational motivation, and church stability. According to the study, inspirational motivation has a moderating effect on the relationship between succession planning and the stability of the Evangelical Churches in Nairobi City County, Kenya.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"82 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141350635","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effect of Leadership Succession Planning on the Stability of Evangelical Churches in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Kepha Nyamweya Omae, Gladys Gakenia Njoroge","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.577","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.577","url":null,"abstract":"Contemporary church leaders shoulder the responsibility of being visionary and fostering a culture that promotes the stability of Churches. However, the instability witnessed in many churches has brought forth numerous challenges, notably stemming from leadership tumult, which adversely impacts the affected congregations. The negligence of leadership succession and transition processes within churches is a significant contributor to this instability. This paper delves into establishing the effect of leadership succession planning on the stability of Evangelical churches in Nairobi County, Kenya. Drawing from 60 churches, 360 church leaders were sampled from whom data was collected using a questionnaire. The strategic leadership theory was used to explain how succession planning facilitates the establishment of strong connections between leaders and their followers, ensuring a smooth transfer of leadership responsibilities and ultimately enhance stability of evangelical churches. The study reveals that among the succession models examined, including mentoring, (M=3.96, SD=0.716), talent management (M=3.83, SD=0.770), employee retention (M=3.78, SD=0.931), and career development, (M=3.72, SD=0.764) mentoring emerges as a predominantly adopted approach by leaders in Evangelical Churches in Nairobi County. Moreover, the findings indicate that succession planning contributes significantly to church stability, accounting for over 18% of the overall stability. Consequently, the study recommends the integration of leadership and management practices through a holistic approach encompassing mentoring, talent management, career development, and employee retention strategies, complemented by tailored training programs to enhance church stability.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"73 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-06-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141357770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experiences of Sexuality Education Educators in Secondary Schools of Mbarara Municipality, Uganda","authors":"Judith Atuhaire, V. Nyakato, Neema Clemencia Murembe","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.539","url":null,"abstract":"While schools in Uganda have sexuality education implementation programs in place, adolescents enrolled in school continue to have considerable concerns about sexuality. This indicates that there is still a gap in the teaching of sexuality education. Understanding, that the pursuit of excellent educational outcomes cannot understate the significance of educators. The objectives of the study were to understand how teachers have influenced the implementation of sexuality education in schools and to understand their influence. We explored their sexuality education teaching experiences. For this study, we purposively sampled 12 teachers from six secondary schools in Mbarara Municipality. These were classroom teachers teaching Biology, Christian Religious education, and Literature, subjects in which topics about sexuality are included. Others were male and female senior teachers in charge of guidance and counselling; and teacher patrons to sexuality learning-related activities outside the classroom.  Data was transcribed and analyzed through thematic coding of opinions, feelings, and practices of teachers. Results indicated that the majority of teachers experience discomfort when teaching this subject. To most teachers, this discomfort was attributed to 1. Lack of proper training. 2. Others had strong cultural values and beliefs that made them uncomfortable teaching about sexuality in open places like the classroom. 3. Another minority, were not consulted before being appointed into counselling positions, therefore did not feel obliged to take on the assignment. 5. Lack of instruction materials. 6. Findings also revealed that students are not comfortable learning from their teachers, whom they consider as “second parents” and hence they join and learn more from peers and other adults. 7. While all students, learn about sexuality, only a few teachers are assigned this duty, this has created a teaching burden due to the low teacher-student ratio especially for duties like guidance and counselling and patronising of sexuality education programs. Thus, we deduced that SE was being jeopardised by teachers' inefficacy, attitude, and low teacher-student ratio, and interaction of informal peer educators. We concluded that sexuality education educators, are most effective when they are equipped with skills, their consent to participate is sought, the education does not interfere with their values and when they do not carry an overload of assignments. From the findings, it was also evident that teachers are not the best choice schools should use to guide and counsel students about sexuality. Peers and medical personnel are preferred to teachers. Hence, when the identified gaps are attended to sexuality education will be more efficient to protect and keep skills with adolescents undergoing this education. To improve teacher performance, we recommend that schools assist their teachers in pursuing SE training, seek teachers consent before appointing them into SE e","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":" 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140993470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Banditry Implications on Socio-Economic Development in Baringo South Sub-County, Kenya","authors":"Dickson Chemase, Solomon Muhindi","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.537","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.537","url":null,"abstract":"Banditry incidents affect people in various ways like displacement from homes, cause poor health, disrupt education, increase poverty, and create unfavourable business environment. At Baringo South Sub-County in Kenya, many lives have been lost and several injured in banditry incidents. National and County governments have invested in measures to enhance security and contain livestock theft, but challenges still exist. In this study, purposive and stratified random sampling techniques were used. The sample size was 364 residents. Mixed research methods of quantitative and qualitative were used in the study, with instruments for data collection being closed-ended question questionnaires and open-ended structured interview schedules. The study found that banditry negatively affects the average income levels of locals through its outstanding effects on aspects such as poverty, destruction of business activities, displacements from homes, creating an unfavorable climate for investors, unemployment, and professionals’ avoidance of banditry-prone areas due to insecurity. Further, the findings of this study demonstrated that banditry has notable implications on literacy levels through its serious impact on the closure of schools, instilling fear in learners and teachers besides being one of the causes of school dropouts.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":" 21","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140996192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Impact of Informal Cross-Border Trade on Kenya-Uganda Foreign Relations","authors":"Zachariah Onditi Atozo, Joseph W. Ndalilah","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.517","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i1.517","url":null,"abstract":"This paper generally discusses the intricate dynamics of Informal Cross-Border Trade (ICBT) and its profound impact on Kenya-Uganda foreign relations. It is observed in this study that, Kenya and Uganda share a similar history, geography and a distinct cultural background, key to their social and economic relations. It is further noted that Kenya plays a significant role in Uganda's history and vice versa, sometimes influencing each other. Both countries are significant trading partners, but mostly informally, which has expanded in the post-independence period. This is attributed to their shared history, culture, and geography. Since the pre-colonial period, communities in the geographical area that came to be defined as the border between the two countries engaged in informal trade. The paper holds that, Informal Cross Border Trade along the Kenya-Uganda border has shaped the foreign relations between the two countries. The study applied territoriality theory to interpret the impact of ICBT on Kenya-Uganda foreign relations. The theory holds that, each sovereign state has authority to manage resources within its borders. The study used both primary and secondary sources. This study demonstrates that ICBT, positively influences Kenya-Uganda foreign relations. It also expands knowledge on the impact of ICBT on foreign relations.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"15 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141054367","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Rules of the Game and Efficacy of Public Microcredit Schemes: Evidence from Selected Borrowers in Malawi","authors":"Richard Zidana, B. Nkhoma, Victor Kasulo","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.506","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.506","url":null,"abstract":"This paper contributes to the scholarly debates that question the efficacy of microcredit schemes in development programming. Dominant political economy debates posit that microcredit schemes have failed to achieve the envisaged financial inclusion and small-scale enterprise development outcomes because the nature of the intervention itself is an imposition by neoliberal promoters on global south economies. It is also argued that local political elites use microcredit programmes as a tool for advancing patronage. Motivated by this foregoing school of thought, we contend in this paper that informal credit management rules that dominate the administration of these schemes, at the expense of clearly spelt-out formal rules made known in the public domain, also contribute to this mission drift. Thus, our aim was to assess how prevailing microcredit-lending rules contribute to non-achievement of development outcomes. Guided by Douglas North’s conceptualisation of rules of the game as our analytical framework, we employed Q methodology to generate key themes that emerged from primary qualitative data collected through in-depth interviews with purposively recruited microcredit clients of the National Economic Empowerment Fund, a public microcredit scheme in Malawi. Findings revealed that microcredit schemes were dominated by informal rules regarding turnaround time, credit appraisal processes, political interference, and misplaced borrower perceptions about the objectives of microcredit schemes. These rules were misaligned to what was promised to potential microcredit borrowers as reflected in the public microcredit’s credit management procedures. We concluded that unless the apparent pervasion of these substitutive informal rules that distort outcomes is curtailed, public microcredit schemes risk becoming an irrelevant strategy for driving small-scale enterprise development agenda in countries like Malawi.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"53 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140664417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Influence of Customer Intimacy Strategy on Organisations’ Competitiveness in Tier III Category of Commercial Banks in Kenya","authors":"A. Wamburi, Lucy Kibe, Henry Yatich","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.502","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.502","url":null,"abstract":"This study investigates how customer intimacy strategies influence the competitiveness of tier-III commercial banks in Kenya. Utilising a pragmatic research philosophy, it employs a mixed-methods approach and a descriptive cross-sectional design. Data were collected from middle and senior management across 21 tier III commercial banks, with a sample size of 288 respondents determined using Yamane's formula. Proportionate stratified random sampling ensured representativeness based on management staff functions. Regression analysis revealed a strong positive correlation (R = 0.822) between the Customer Intimacy Strategy and Organisational Competitiveness, explaining 67.5% of the variability. ANOVA results were highly significant (F (1, 238) = 494.589, p < .001), indicating the superiority of the regression model. The strategy showed individual significance with a t-statistic of 22.239 (p < .001) and a standardised beta coefficient of 0.822. Despite limitations, such as the focus on Kenyan tier III banks and potential response bias, the study provides actionable insights for banking sector decision-makers, emphasising the importance of prioritising customer intimacy for sustainable competitive advantages.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":" 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140688879","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determinant Factors of Antenatal Clinic on Female Sex Workers Attendance within Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Lonah Tunya, Horatius Musembi, Maureen Akolo","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.479","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.479","url":null,"abstract":"Globally antenatal care (ANC) initiation is at 58.6% but varies in different continents. Sub-Sahara has the lowest level of ANC care where women attend at least four times during pregnancy. Recent survey in Nairobi County found out that majority of women attends only one antenatal visit during pregnancy. The aim of the study was to explore determinants of antenatal clinic attendance among female sex workers in Nairobi County. A quantitative cross-sectional descriptive study among FSWs (18-49years) was carried out. Simple random sampling and self-administered questionnaires were used for data collection. Data analysis was done using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results show that 132 (32.8%) FSWs were aged 30 to 34 years, 242 (60.0%) were not married. 346 (85.9%) had unplanned pregnancy. Late ANC initiation was due to 42.4% (171) attitude of HCWs, 67.6% (215) distance to the healthcare facility and 86.1% (347) longer waiting time. On inferential analysis, there was an association between occupation of respondent vs number of ANC attendance which was significant   = 22.525, df 12, P = 0.032 at P < 0.05. Marital of respondent vs number of ANC attendance was significant  =29.058, df 15, P=0.016 at P<0.05. The income level of respondents vs number of antenatal care visits was significant  =17.557, df 6, P=0.007 at P<0.05. Thus, pregnant FSWs face discrimination during ANC visits. These research findings will form a basis for future studies as well as guide the Ministry of Health and other stakeholders to develop policies that will guide ANC services among FSWs. Outreach programs on ANC among FSWs should be implemented and there should ANC services that only target FSWs.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"21 9","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140743989","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Influence of Protecting Leadership Voices from Below Behaviour on the Digital Transformation of Insurance Firms in Kenya","authors":"J. Odindo, Kepha Njenga, G. K’aol","doi":"10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.481","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58721/eajhss.v3i2.481","url":null,"abstract":"This research investigated the impact of protecting leadership voices from below behaviour on the digital transformation of insurance firms in Kenya. This study, grounded in adaptive leadership framework, adopted a positivist approach and a descriptive research design to study a target population of 392 supervisors from the 56 registered insurance firms listed by the Insurance Regulatory Authority. The final sample of 127 respondents, represented a response rate of 63%, was drawn using a stratified random sampling technique. Protecting leadership voices from below behaviour was operationalized through the dimensions of employee voice, employee engagement, and work environment, while digital transformation was assessed using metrics such as digital innovation, customer experience, and returns on assets. Inferential statistical analyses, including correlation analysis, chi-square test, one-way ANOVA, ordinal logistic regression were adopted to test the research hypotheses. The findings from the ordinal logistic regression analysis, indicated by the Nagelkerke Pseudo R-square coefficient, demonstrate that protecting leadership voices from below behaviour explains 37% of the variance in digital transformation (Nagelkerke Pseudo R² = .37). Moreover, the parameter estimates obtained from the ordinal regression analysis revealed a statistically significant and positive relationship between protecting leadership voices from below behaviour and digital transformation, β6 = -18.647, p≤.05. In conclusion, this study establishes a substantial connection between protecting leadership voices from below behaviour, and the digital transformation of insurance firms in Kenya. Specifically, when leaders create a conducive work environment that encourages employees voice and engagement, this adaptive leadership behaviour significantly and positively influences digital transformation. Consequently, leaders are recommended to proactively embrace protecting leadership voices from below behaviour by implementing policies and practices that promote employee voice, enhance employee engagement, and establish supportive work environments. These efforts will facilitate and enhance the prospects of achieving successful digital transformation within the Kenyan insurance industry. Further studies on the adaptive leadership framework in the broader financial services industry are recommended.","PeriodicalId":419499,"journal":{"name":"Eastern African Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences","volume":"29 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140744612","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}