Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia最新文献

{"title":"Inscribed Spherical Agate Gemstone from the Anapa Region Revisited","authors":"E. Andreeva","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341357","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper focuses on one very unusual magical object originating from the territory of the Bosporan kingdom: an agate stone amulet with a rather extensive inscription found in the vicinity of ancient Gorgippia. The author summarizes the history of scholarly discussion on the subject and analyses Chr. Faraone’s “magical handbook” hypothesis putting forward some arguments against it. The paper not only revisits the reading of the text, but treats the artefact as a unity of the material object and the inscription there upon.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48407207","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Inscribed Ceremonial Dagger from a Princely Sarmatian Burial near the Village of Kosika in the Lower Volga Region","authors":"A. V. Belousov, M. Treister","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341363","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341363","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper is devoted to the cross-guard of the fragmentary dagger found in 1984 in the princely nomad burial near the village of Kosika in the Lower Volga area, belonging to the type of ceremonial daggers which were widespread in Eurasia in the 1st century BC-1st century AD and which became one of the insignia of power as testified by the finds in the princely nomadic burials and depictions on the royal figures on the stelae from Commagene. The dated (year 238) dotted inscription preserved on the gold overlay of the cross-guard found by one of the authors in 2015 and completely cleaned from the iron oxides in 2017 contains an indication of the craftsmen and the weight of gold, confirmed by the eklogistes, which means estimated on the highest state level. The inscription allows us to suggest, with high degree of probability, that the dagger may have been manufactured either as a tax payment of the corporation to the state or rather was ordered by a king to serve as a gift to an equal person. Moreover, the analysis of the inscription suggests that the object could have been made in Asia Minor, perhaps in Commagene, in 74 BC (that means the date falls in the Seleucid era), rather than in 59 BC, because the existence of the eklogistes in the Pontic Kingdom has not been confirmed by any documents. This date corresponds well to the archaeological date of the burial in Kosika to the early third quarter of the 1st century BC and the already published hypothesis, that the deceased could have been a participant of the Asia Minor campaign of the Bosporan King Pharnakes in 49-47 BC.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42208250","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Non-Urban Societies of the Crimea and Their Response to Changes in the External World","authors":"V. Mordvint͡seva","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341358","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341358","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper presents a comparative analysis of burial assemblages of ‘barbarian’ élites located on the territory of the Crimea between Chersonesos Taurica and the Bosporan kingdom dating from the 3rd century BC to the mid-3rd century AD. The main goal of the research is to define indications of self-identities of the Crimean non-urban societies represented by their élites and to outline their networking inside and outside the peninsula as well as their changes during four chronological periods. The research is based on the precondition that networking in the political sphere is closely connected to the exchange of symbols of power and status. In material culture, such symbols might be represented by the so-called ‘prestige objects’. Changes in the assortment of these items observed over a long time-span are helping to visualize the development of internal and external relationships of social élites.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49436493","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Scythian Leather Quiver from Bulgakovo","authors":"M. Daragan","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341361","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341361","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000What were items of Scythian archer’s equipment? What materials were used, and how were they produced? These issues remain currently practically unknown. Objects made from organic materials (wood, leather, and textile) in Scythian burials are lost or provide little information. For this reason almost nothing about Scythian archery equipment (bow and quiver) has been known for a long time. This article describes and analyzes the only well preserved quiver found in the Scythian burial of the 4th century BC in the North Pontic Region. The details of a leather quiver bag, a wooden stiffening plate, wooden painted arrows with bronze arrowheads have survived.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2020-09-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46305184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Jewellery in the Context of a Sanctuary: Interpretation Potential","authors":"A. V. Lysenko, V. Mordvint͡seva","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341352","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341352","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Metal jewellery used as votive offerings is discovered at the “barbarian” mountain sanctuary of Eklizi-Burun (the Crimea) and dating from the 1st to the 3rd centuries AD. Most of these items were probably part of female costume known from funerary contexts in the Central Crimea, which differ both regarding their location (in the Crimean Foothills and on the South-Coast), as well as the specific features of the burial rite (“cremation” vs. “inhumation”). A small part of the jewellery is characteristic only for the cemeteries in the South-Coast area containing burials with remains of cremation.\u0000An analysis of the cultural environment, in which the jewellery items deposited in the Eklizi-Burun sanctuary of the Roman period were produced and used, suggests that its worshippers came from communities living on the southern macro-slope of the main ridge of the Crimean Mountains and practised cremation of the dead. Apparently, these people appeared in the Graeco-Roman narrative tradition and local epigraphic documents of the Roman period as “Tauri”, “Scythian-Tauri”, and “Tauro-Scythians” inhabiting “Taurica”. They are presumed to have appeared in the Crimean Mountains in the 2nd and 1st centuries BC (migrating from areas with archaeological cultures influenced by the La Tène culture?) and to have maintained their cultural identity until the beginning of the 5th century AD.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45749100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Scythian Kingdom in the Crimea in the 2nd Century BC and Its Relations with the Greek States in the North Pontic Region","authors":"A. Ivantchik","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341351","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The new data that have become available in the last two decades show that the Scythian Kingdom with its capital in Neapolis Scythica, which existed in the Crimea in the 2nd century BC, was much closer to Hellenistic states ruled by barbarian dynasties than to nomadic kingdom of the Scythians of the 4th century BC. At the same time, these data allow us to return in part to the old view formulated by Rostovtzeff about continuity between the Scythia of the 4th century BC and the Late Scythian Kingdom, which most researchers have rejected during the last thirty years. It turned out that this continuity existed at least at the ideological level, and the excavations at Ak-Kaya (Vishennoe) filled the chronological gap between the Scythian Kingdoms of the 4th and 2nd century BC. Apparently, Ak-Kaya became one of the political centres of the Scythians as early as the late 4th century BC, before the fall of “Great Scythia”, and the capital of the Crimean Scythians was located there before it was moved to Neapolis Scythica. In the formation of Late Scythian culture and the Late Scythian Kingdom with its capital first in Ak-Kaya and then in Neapolis Scythica, apart from the Scythian elements, sedentary Tauri took part, as well as probably the Greeks and the Hellenized population of the chorai of the Greek cities in north-western Crimea. A key role in changing the character of Scythian culture was apparently played by a change in its economic-cultural type and the transition from nomadic pastoralism to settled agriculture. This article proposes a new interpretation of the inscription on the mausoleum of Argotas, discovered in Neapolis Scythica in 1999. Argotas was probably not a Scythian, but a Greek, despite his Scythian name. This Bosporan aristocrat with Scythian family ties married the widowed Bosporan queen Kamasarya in the second quarter of the 2nd century BC and is mentioned as her husband in the inscription CIRB 75. He played an important role in governing the Bosporan Kingdom and in protecting it against attacks from the East. Then, most likely after the death of Kamasarya, he moved to the neighbouring kingdom of the Scythians, where he became one of the leading generals, the right-hand man of the king and the tutor to his children. After his death in ca. 130-125 BC, he received from King Skiluros unprecedented honours – a heroon in front of the facade of the royal palace was erected for him and, moreover, this was the only truly Greek building in Neapolis Scythica: it was built in accordance with the rules of the architectural order and decorated with Greek statues and reliefs, as well as a metric epitaph with numerous Homeric forms and expressions.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45136016","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metal Mirrors from Altai Sites of the Xiongnu Time","authors":"A. Tishkin, N. Seregin","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341354","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Metal mirrors are important indicators when reconstructing the history of the ancient peoples of Altai on the basis of archaeological materials. Among the latter there are imported products, recorded in the mounds of the Xiongnu time (2nd century BC – 1st century AD). The article gives an overview of the results of a comprehensive study of the mirrors. Only one mirror was found intact, and the rest are represented by fragments. This collection of 19 archaeological items is divided into two groups, reflecting the direction of contacts of the Altai population in this period. The first demonstrates Chinese products that could have entered the region indirectly from the Xiongnu who dominated Inner Asia. Some of them were made in the previous period, but were used for a long time. The analyses of metal alloys from the Yaloman-II site supplements the conclusions made during the visual examination. The second group, through its origin, is associated with the cultures of the so-called Sarmatian circle, whose sites were located to the west of the Altai. A separate section of the article is devoted to a discussion of reconstruction of some aspects of the social history of the nomads and their world.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47017489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the Epitaph for Argotas from Neapolis Scythica","authors":"Igor A. Makarov","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341350","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article contains a re-publication of a verse epitaph found in Neapolis Scythica (SEG 53, 775). After correcting a number of readings and restorations of the editio princeps, the author demonstrates that lines 4-8 contain a description of the deceased Argotas and not of King Skiluros, as the scholars publishing the inscription had suggested. There are no grounds for treating the φιλο[φροσύνη] Ἑλλάνων mentioned in the text as evidence of Argotas’ Greek origin. Thus there is no reason for viewing him as a figure similar to Posideos, son of Posideos, known to us from Neapolis epigraphy. The man buried here was a representative of the Scythian nobility, who could be probably identified as the husband of the Bosporan queen Kamasarya mentioned in one of the inscriptions found in Pantikapaion (CIRB 75).","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45457128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Hoard of 3rd-4th Centuries AD Bosporan Staters from Phanagoria (2011)","authors":"M. Abramzon, V. Kuznetsov","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341353","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The paper is a preliminary publication of a large hoard of Bosporan staters found in Phanagoria’s Eastern necropolis in 2011. It contains 3695 coins struck in the 3rd-4th centuries AD under Ininthimaios, Rhescuporis V, Pharsanzes, Sauromates IV, Teiranes and Thothorses, as well as barbarian imitations of latter staters. The Phanagorian hoard is evidence on the historical background of the epoch and sheds new light on the economy, currency and many technical aspects of the coin production in the Late Bosporos. The recent survey of coins from the hoard by X-ray spectroscopy and the neutron tomography first revealed staters of Sauromates IV, Teiranes and Thothorses with the silver content and surface-silvered coating. The treasure was deposited in AD 307/308, due to political instability in the region caused by the increased barbarian pressure on the borders of the Roman Empire and the ancient states in the Black Sea Region.","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49382462","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Kumkeshu 1 konysy − Tersek madenietinin biregey eskertkishi − Kumkeshu 1− etalonnÿï pamyatnik Tersekskoï kul’turÿ − The Kumkeshu 1 Settlement − a Reference Monument of the Tersek Culture, written by Kalieva, S., Logvin, V.","authors":"G. Bonora","doi":"10.1163/15700577-12341355","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700577-12341355","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41854,"journal":{"name":"Ancient Civilizations from Scythia to Siberia","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-12-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46049479","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}