EMJ Diabetes最新文献_第7页

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Stem Cell Therapy: A Review 2型糖尿病和干细胞治疗:综述

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10314289

T. Wehbe, Tatiana Hawat

引用次数: 0

Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Diabetic Macular Oedema: Is It Safe? 抗血管内皮生长因子治疗糖尿病黄斑水肿安全吗?

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10314891

Kuan Hao Yee, S. Sanjay

{"title":"Anti-Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Therapy in Diabetic Macular Oedema: Is It Safe?","authors":"Kuan Hao Yee, S. Sanjay","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10314891","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10314891","url":null,"abstract":"Over the last decade, intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) agents have been increasingly used in the management of various retinal diseases, especially diabetic macular oedema. Diabetic macular oedema is one of the leading causes of legal blindness among patients with diabetic retinopathy, meaning these patients are eligible for associated medical benefits. It is essential that diabetic macular oedema is managed with an effective and safe treatment for good long-term prognosis. Over the past decade, focal/grid laser photocoagulation has been the gold standard treatment. However, evidence supporting the superior clinical benefits and relative safety of anti-VEGF agents has driven a recent shift in treatment paradigm, favouring anti-VEGF over laser treatment. Previous studies involving systemic anti-VEGF treatment in cancers have identified an associated increased risk of arteriothrombotic events, such as myocardial infarction and stroke, which are potentially fatal. Hence, it is important to evaluate whether such risks, which will significantly alter the safety profile, persist with intravitreal administration. A comprehensive literature review was performed and concluded that no significant increase in risk of ocular or non-ocular adverse events, particularly arteriothrombotic events, were associated with anti-VEGF agents, predicting an overall favourable safety profile. A summary of some of the possible adverse events recorded in the various studies, albeit at relatively low rates, are also included. Additionally, it is briefly discussed how real-world concerns of cost and affordability can influence treatment choice, thereby affecting how clinical evidence is transferred into practice.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122344625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Future Treatments of Diabetic Retinopathy: Pharmacotherapeutic Products Under Development 糖尿病视网膜病变的未来治疗:正在开发的药物治疗产品

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2017-10-31 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313575

M. Stewart

{"title":"Future Treatments of Diabetic Retinopathy: Pharmacotherapeutic Products Under Development","authors":"M. Stewart","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10313575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10313575","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetic macular oedema (DMO) is the leading cause of vision loss in working aged individuals. Macular laser photocoagulation was the primary DMO treatment for several decades, but has recently been replaced by intravitreal injections of corticosteroids and drugs that inhibit the actions of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). In Phase III trials, anti-VEGF drugs improve best corrected visual acuity by a mean of +12 letters, but up to 40% of patients have sub-optimal responses to therapy. The new anti-VEGF drugs abicipar and brolucizumab may possess extended durations of action in Phase III neovascular age-related macular degeneration trials, and DMO trials are being planned. Angiopoietin-2 inhibitors, both as co-formulations with anti-VEGF drugs and as bispecific antibodies, are in Phase II trials for DMO. Drugs that stimulate the Tie2 receptor are administered via subcutaneous injections. Intravenously administered antibodies that decrease diabetes-mediated inflammation, such as tocilizumab and teprotumumab, are entering early phase studies. Other drugs with topical (mecamylamine) and oral (minocycline) delivery routes are being developed. Several of these drugs may become available to patients within the next 5–10 years.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"235 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2017-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115644494","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 5

Treatment Strategies for Chorioretinal Vascular Diseases: Advantages and Disadvantages of Individualised Therapy 绒毛膜视网膜血管疾病的治疗策略:个体化治疗的利弊

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2016-10-27 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10310409

M. Stewart

{"title":"Treatment Strategies for Chorioretinal Vascular Diseases: Advantages and Disadvantages of Individualised Therapy","authors":"M. Stewart","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10310409","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10310409","url":null,"abstract":"Chorioretinal vascular diseases are among the leading causes of blindness in industrialised countries. The recent development and widespread adoption of intravitreal pharmacotherapy enables surgeons to not only stabilise disease in most cases, but also improve visual acuity (VA). Inhibitors of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) have become first-line therapy for patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD), diabetic macular oedema (DMO), and oedema due to retinal vein occlusions (RVO). The pivotal Phase III registration studies evaluated the efficacy and safety of monthly or bimonthly injections of anti-VEGF drugs, and remain the standard against which other treatments and injection regimens are compared. Adhering to a regimen of monthly drug injections requires considerable patient compliance and allocation of substantial healthcare resources, therefore most physicians use individualised treatment strategies. As-needed (PRN) and treat and extend (T&E) regimens reduce the number of clinic visits, intravitreal injections, or both, and are less expensive than monthly therapy. Both regimens reduce unwanted macular oedema and improve VA, but compared to monthly therapy over the course of 1 year, may be 1–3 letters less effective. Trials of 5-year duration suggest that PRN treatment modulates the severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and stabilises vision in patients with DR. Long-term data comparing these strategies in patients with nAMD and RVO are lacking, but VA frequently declines when observation periods and treatment intervals are extended beyond 4 weeks. Current observations suggest that aggressive long-term therapy with frequent injections may produce the best VA results in patients with nAMD and RVO.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"83 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114135120","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Beyond the Beta Cell 2型糖尿病:超越β细胞

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2016-10-27 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10311885

N. Morris

{"title":"Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: Beyond the Beta Cell","authors":"N. Morris","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10311885","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10311885","url":null,"abstract":"Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) currently affects >8% of the world population. It is the leading cause of blindness, end-stage kidney disease, and neuropathy, and doubles the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. Until recently, the treatment of diabetes had broadly emphasised the management of hyperglycaemia as the key diagnostic criterion for T2DM. The pathophysiology of T2DM however is now understood to be rooted in the associated metabolic syndrome including intra-abdominal fat deposition, lipid abnormalities, high blood pressure, hypercoagulability, and macrovascular complications occurring in parallel with glucose dysregulation. Accordingly, closer attention to the medical management of these conditions is at the forefront of diabetologists’ treatment rationale in an attempt to prevent and mitigate both micro and macrovascular complications, especially in light of the recent positive data from cardiovascular outcome trials with both sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonists. This symposium included a discussion of the evolution of treatment for T2DM and presented the rationale for the use of novel agents and combination therapies for patients according to their individual disease progression. Several newer drug classes were highlighted, including GLP-1 receptor agonists, dipeptidyl-peptidase-4 inhibitors (DPP-4 inhibitors), and SGLT2 inhibitors. Finally, an overview of the exciting new fields of prevention and treatment for T2DM were discussed; including stem cell proliferation into pancreatic beta cells, the reprogramming of white adipose tissue into brown fat, mimicking physiological effects of bariatric surgery pharmacologically, and other approaches to make the treatment more targeted and personalised.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114468045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Utility of Glycated Haemoglobin in Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: Present and Future 糖化血红蛋白在妊娠期糖尿病中的应用:现在和未来

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2016-10-27 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313978

R. Rajput, D. Jain

引用次数: 1

Home Diabetes Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Lipid Profile Regulatory Properties of Moringa…Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Lipid Profile Regulatory Properties of Moringa Oleifera in Subjects at Early Stages of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus 辣木对2型糖尿病早期受试者的抗高血糖和脂质调节作用

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2016-10-27 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10310563

B. Tollo, D. Chougourou, Clovis Maurès Todohoue

{"title":"Home Diabetes Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Lipid Profile Regulatory Properties of Moringa…\u0000Anti-Hyperglycaemic and Lipid Profile Regulatory Properties of Moringa Oleifera in Subjects at Early Stages of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","authors":"B. Tollo, D. Chougourou, Clovis Maurès Todohoue","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10310563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10310563","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera leaf powder (MOLP) was incorporated into patient diets in order to study its effects on the levels of fasting blood glucose (FBG), glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), serum triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, and body weight (BW) in those at the early stages of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Two tablespoons (20 g) of the leaf powder were added to a basic diet of food served cold daily at lunch and dinner for a period of 3 months. Pre-diabetic control subjects were given the basic diet without MOLP. The supplementation of MOLP into the basic diet significantly (p<0.05) reduced the elevated FBG, HbA1c, TG, TC, and LDL cholesterol levels in the MOLP-diet group, while an increase in HDL cholesterol was also recorded. MOLP exerted more pronounced effects at the end of the study when compared with the control group. Overall, BW was reduced, with better results recorded in the MOLP group. Considering the changes when compared to each initial value, the efficacy of the MOLP diet on biochemical parameters was 3.55–24.79% greater. The introduction of the effective potential change revealed an efficacy induction of 8.85–36.83% due to the MOLP diet, with a relative performance factor ranging from 1.50–4.85 among the biochemical parameters. The findings suggest that MOLP possesses promising anti-hyperglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidaemic, and lipid profile regulatory properties in T2DM subjects.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-10-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122083336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Should Type 2 Diabetes Management Be More of a Priority in Post-Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients? 急性冠脉综合征后2型糖尿病患者是否应优先治疗?

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2015-11-03 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10310596

J. Davies

引用次数: 0

REST/NRSF Target Genes in Neuronal and Beta Cells: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Perspectives for Diabetes and Neurodegenerative Disorders 神经元和β细胞中的REST/NRSF靶基因:糖尿病和神经退行性疾病的病理生理和治疗观点

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2015-11-03 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10313731

A. Abderrahmani

引用次数: 1

The Concept of Early Vascular Ageing – An Update in 2015 血管早期衰老的概念- 2015年最新进展

EMJ Diabetes Pub Date : 2015-11-03 DOI: 10.33590/emjdiabet/10312465

P. Nilsson

{"title":"The Concept of Early Vascular Ageing – An Update in 2015","authors":"P. Nilsson","doi":"10.33590/emjdiabet/10312465","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33590/emjdiabet/10312465","url":null,"abstract":"Arterial ageing is a process that can be quantified, at least to some degree, by measurement of pulse wave velocity along the aorta, the largest elastic artery, as a marker of arterial stiffness. In recent years the new concept of early vascular ageing (EVA) has been developed by a group of mostly European researchers and some reviews have been published. Based on a lecture given at the European Association for the Study of Diabetes (EASD) Meeting in Vienna 2014, this review was written to describe recent developments in research dedicated to EVA and new emerging aspects found in studies of families at high cardiovascular (CV) risk. This brings new perspectives related to genetics, telomere biology, and the role of gut microbiota. Even if EVA has been described in general terms there is still no unifying definition available and no direct treatment, only recommendations for conventional CV risk factor control. However, a new intervention study (SPARTE) is ongoing in France with a randomised design to treat arterial stiffness in patients with hypertension versus conventional treatment strategies. Results are expected in a few years and will be of importance in defining the role of arterial stiffness, a core feature of EVA, as a target for treatment.","PeriodicalId":418035,"journal":{"name":"EMJ Diabetes","volume":"30 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2015-11-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123487565","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2