Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR最新文献

{"title":"Noscapine Modulates Neuronal Response to Oxygen-glucose Deprivation/Reperfusion Injury Via Activation of Sigma-1 Receptor in Primary Cortical Cultures.","authors":"Gelareh Vahabzadeh,&nbsp;Nahid Rahbar-Roshandel,&nbsp;Soltan-Ahmad Ebrahimi","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2019.112317.13683","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.112317.13683","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In the present study, we investigated the effects of noscapine (0.5-2 µM), an alkaloid from the opium poppy (<i>Papaver somniferum</i>), on primary murine cortical neurons exposed to 60 min oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) in the presence of 5 µM BD-1047, a selective sigma-1 receptor antagonist. The experiments were performed on cortical neurons after 11-16 days of culture. To initiate oxygen-glucose deprivation, the culture medium was transferred to glucose-free DMEM, and placed in a humidified incubation chamber containing a mixture of 95% N₂ and 5% CO₂ at 37 °C for 60 min. In order to explore the effect on neurons under oxygen-glucose deprivation in this condition, some cultures were pretreated with noscapine and BD1047 together, 24 h prior to OGD followed by 24 h recovery. Cell viability, nitric oxide (NO) production and intracellular calcium concentration ([Ca²⁺]i) levels were evaluated by MTT assay, the modified Griess method, and Fura-2, respectively. Pretreatment of the cultures with noscapine in the presence of BD1047 significantly increased cell viability and decreased NO generation in a dose-dependent manner compared to BD1047 alone. Pretreatment with 2 μM noscapine and BD-1047 was shown to decrease the rise in [Ca²⁺]i induced by sodium azide (NaN3) and glucose deprivation. We concluded that noscapine in the presence of BD1047 could protect primary cortical neurons after oxygen-glucose deprivation-induced cell injury but this effect was not complete. Our results indicate that neuroprotective effects of noscapine could be mediated partially through activation of sigma-1 receptor and by decreasing NO production and [Ca²⁺]i levels.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"331-342"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462509/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38376528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Improvement of Ocular Efficacy of Levofloxacin by Bioadhesive Chitosan Coated PLGA Nanoparticles: Box-behnken Design, <i>In-vitro</i> Characterization, Antibacterial Evaluation and Scintigraphy Study.","authors":"Ameeduzzafar,&nbsp;Nazia Khan,&nbsp;Nabil K Alruwaili,&nbsp;Syed Nasir Abbas Bukhari,&nbsp;Bader Alsuwayt,&nbsp;Muhammad Afzal,&nbsp;Sana Akhter,&nbsp;Mohd Yasir,&nbsp;Mohammed Elmowafy,&nbsp;Khaled Shalaby,&nbsp;Asgar Ali","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2019.15318.13016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.15318.13016","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Conjunctivitis is considered as a common infection of ocular surfaces. Eye drop is most commonly used for treatment of conjunctivitis, but has some drawback like 95% drug eliminated after administration. Administration of levofloxacin to the anterior site in form of chitosan coated poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) nanoparticles (LFV-CS-PLGA-NPs) expected to overcome these problem and increasing corneal contact time and permeability for effective treatment of bacterial conjunctivitis. The Nanoparticles were developed by single emulsion solvent evaporation technique and optimized for different variables (chitosan, poly (lactide-co-glycolic acid) and polyvinyl alcohol concentration) by employing three factors, three levels Box-Behnken statistical design. The nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, drug loading, entrapment efficiency, drug release, <i>ex-vivo</i> permeation, ocular tolerance, antimicrobial study, confocal laser microscopy, and Gamma scintigraphy study. The particle size and PdI of the optimized nanoparticles were 169.968 ± 15.23 nm and 0.13 ± 0.03, respectively, where as entrapment efficiency and drug loading is 49.54 ± 2.43% and 11.29 ± 2.13% with extended release profile and strong mucoadhesion. DSC data indicated levofloxacin formed molecular dispersion within coated nanoparticles. Corneal flux showed significantly (<i>P <</i> 0.05) higher permeation as compared to marketed formulation. Formulation was nonirritant and possessed good antibacterial activity. Gamma Scintigraphy showed slow drainage compared to drug solution, indicating reduction in nasolachrymal drainage. The Gamma Scintigraphy study indicated the CS coated PLGA-NPs have high corneal residence time as compared to drug solution. So, it is revealed that LFV-CS-PLGA-NPs increase the drug concentration over ocular tissue and potential usefulness for sustained drug delivery.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"292-311"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462482/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38376525","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Antioxidant Activity and Hemocompatibility Study of Quercetin Loaded Plga Nanoparticles.","authors":"Serap Derman,&nbsp;Deniz Uzunoglu,&nbsp;Tayfun Acar,&nbsp;Tulin Arasoglu,&nbsp;Samet Ucak,&nbsp;V Cengiz Ozalp,&nbsp;Banu Mansuroglu","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2020.1101000","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Quercetin (QU) is an important flavonoid compound presenting lots of biological activities, but its application has been limited due to its low aqueous solubility and instability. In this study, conducted to improve these properties of the quercetin, quercetin-encapsulated PLGA nanoparticles were prepared, characterized, and evaluated for antioxidant and hemolytic activity. Nanoparticles were produced by single emulsion solvent evaporation method. Four different process parameters initial QU amount, PVA concentration, PVA volume, and initial PLGA amount were investigated to obtain the nanoparticles which have minimum particle size and maximum entrapment efficiency. Synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated for particle size, entrapment efficiency, and reaction yield. Additionally, antioxidant properties and <i>in-vitro</i> hemolytic activity of quercetin loaded nanoparticles with different particle size were also evaluated for the first time in the literature. The antioxidant activity results showed that nanoparticles have different antioxidant activity, depending on the amount of quercetin release from nanoparticles at different particle sizes. The hemolytic activity results show that all nanoparticles exhibited favorable compatibility to red blood cells and no significant hemolytic effect was observed.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"424-435"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462503/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38373583","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Raise up of Scopolamine in Hairy Roots Via <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> ATCC15834 as Compared with Untransformed Roots in <i>Atropa komarovii</i>.","authors":"Ofelia Banihashemi,&nbsp;Ramazan-Ali Khavari-Nejad,&nbsp;Narguess Yassa,&nbsp;Farzaneh Najafi","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2019.13550.11710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.13550.11710","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p><i>Atropa komarovii</i> generates tropane alkaloids and three other compounds such as hyoscyamine. <i>Racemate atropine</i> and <i>scopolamine</i> (hyoscine) are the main alkaloids with anticholinergic, antispasmodic, and sedative agents. A proficient convention has been reported for the formation of transgenic <i>Atropa komarovii</i> by the use of <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes.</i> Root culture, by utilizing leaves explants was contaminated by <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> ATCC 15834, a strain with the paired vector. The hairy roots after contamination for three weeks were specifically shaped from the cut edges of the leaves. The PCR intensification demonstrated that <i>rol</i> B genes of <i>Ri</i> plasmid of <i>Agrobacterium rhizogenes</i> were coordinated and communicated into the genome of the changed hairy roots. Examination of HPLC revealed that hairy roots can produce scopolamine and hyoscyamine and it was appeared that scopolamine content was essentially expanded in changed roots and hyoscyamine was extremely expanded in non-transgenic roots. According to the results, it was perceived that the scopolamine content in hairy roots was raised significantly compared to the control roots. It was evidenced that hairy roots gather a great number of metabolites that have a commercial significance. Thus, later on we can enhance efficiency for example by building up the biosynthetic route overexpression of gene codifying enzymes in the metabolic route for expanding valuable secondary metabolites in the plant cures.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"46-56"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462479/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38373752","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Isolation, Purification and Antioxidant Activity of The Polysaccharides from Chinese Truffle <i>Tuber sinense</i>.","authors":"Caihong Zeng,&nbsp;Xiaoyan Chen,&nbsp;Wenwen Jiang,&nbsp;Yanling Liu,&nbsp;Chunjuan Fang","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100954","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100954","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>The content of polysaccharides in <i>Tuber sinense</i> was investigated by isolation and purification, followed with the further antioxidant studies in total reducing capacity and radical scavenging activities. The crude extract of polysaccharides was purified by dialysis, column chromatography, and High Performance Liquid Chromatography. The main components of monosaccharide (s) and molecular structure of single polysaccharide were studied by using methylation, GC-MS, and NMR analysis. One new water-soluble non-starch polysaccharide (PTS-A with the yield of 0.41%) from <i>T. sinense</i> was purified and identified on structural characteristics for the first time. The characterizations of PTS-A were studied on physicochemical properties, main components of monosaccharide (s) and molecular structure. PTS-A was identified as glucan, only containing D-glucoses with the molecular structure of [→6) α-D-Glcp (1→6) α-D-Glcp (1→]_n by methylation analysis and NMR. In the determination of total reducing capacity, their reducing abilities could be listed as vitamin C> PTS-A> crude polysaccharides-3> crude polysaccharides-2> crude polysaccharides-1. All of PTS-A, crude polysaccharides-2 and -3 were relatively good scavenger for 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical 2,2-Diphenyl-1- (2,4,6-trinitrophenyl) hydrazyl radicals with the IC₅₀ of 2.81, 4.17 and 3.44 mg/mL, respectively. Thus, the separation and purification of polysaccharides were significant to increase the antioxidant activity in some degree. One new water-soluble 1,6-α-ᴅ-dextran was discovered with the polysaccharide structure identified for the first time. Both PTS-A and crude extracts of polysaccharide performed a potent potential on antioxidant activities. The bioactivities of PTS-A should be generalized to the broader pharmacological effects.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"436-447"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462508/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38373584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preparation, Optimization and Characterization of Chitosan-coated Liposomes for Solubility Enhancement of Furosemide: A Model BCS IV Drug.","authors":"Mohammad Moslehi,&nbsp;S Ali Reza Mortazavi,&nbsp;Amir Azadi,&nbsp;Samaneh Fateh,&nbsp;Mehrdad Hamidi,&nbsp;S Mohsen Foroutan","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2019.111834.13384","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.111834.13384","url":null,"abstract":"Most of drugs are administered orally and they must be absorbed from gastrointestinal tract for systemic effect. Generally drug molecules be dissolved in GI fluids before absorption. Solubility and permeability of drugs are considered as two parameters in biopharmaceutical classification system (BCS). Many researches performed to change permeability and solubility of drugs to improve abruption and bioavailability of them. Lipidic nanocarriers such as nanoliposomes are one approach to dissolve poorly water soluble drugs. Furosemide (FMD) as a typical molecule in BCS IV has low solubility and permeability. Thermodynamically, molecules of FMD could stay in the space of liposomal membrane. In this study effective parameters to preparation of nanoliposomes coated by chitosan (CCLs) were screened optimized by experimental design. Particle size, polydispersity index and surface potential of optimized CCLs have 155.8 ±3.5 nm, 0.229±0.022 and 25.2±3.5 mV, respectively. FMD was loaded in optimized CCLs 98.94±0.7%. Size of CCLs have verified by atomic force electron microscope. CCLs loaded by FMD were dried and in vitro study was performed to test release of FMD from powder. Results showed that solubility and dissolution of FMD increased by loading in CCLs in comparison to crystalline FMD and physical mixture of FMD and materials of CCLs.","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"366-382"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462505/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38376531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Therapeutic Potential of Nanoparticle-loaded Hydroxyurea on Proliferation of Human Breast Adenocarcinoma Cell Line.","authors":"Fateme Azemati,&nbsp;Bahman Jalali Kondori,&nbsp;Hadi Esmaeili Gouvarchin Ghaleh","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100921","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Although Hydroxyurea is one of the most widely used drugs in treating breast cancer, the use of it leads to some side effects. Hence, in order to reduce complications of treatment and increase its efficiency, drug delivery has been attracted more attention. Present study included three stages. The first stage was involved in the synthesis of nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea that its characteristics were evaluated by using scanning electron microscopy and Zetasizer system. In the second stage, cultured MCF-7 cells were undergone treatments by Hydroxyurea and Nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea in various concentrations. In the third stage, the MCF-7 was treated by IC₅₀ of Hydroxyurea and nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea which are in combination with radiation and hyperthermia. Afterward, the viable of cell, apoptosis, and levels of caspase-8 and-9 proteins were assessed. The average size and the potential surface of nanoparticles and nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea were 26 nm, 48 nm, 3.86 mV, and -29.3 mV, respectively. Results of MTT assay and apoptosis represented that the percentage of cytotoxicity in the treated groups by in combination group and nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea was significantly increased in comparison with Hydroxyurea. This increase was dependent on the concentration of nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea. Nevertheless, the activity of caspase-8 shows any significant changes, the activity of caspase-9 was significantly increased in the control and treatment groups. We concluded that nanoparticles-loaded Hydroxyurea and it in combination with radiation and hyperthermia induces mitochondrial-dependent apoptosis by down-regulation of caspase-8 and up-regulation of caspase-9 expressions and have higher toxicity effect on MCF-7 cells in comparison with pure Hydroxyurea.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"271-281"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462506/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38473429","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Determination of Mirtazapine and Desmethyl Mirtazapine in Human Plasma by a New Validated HPLC Ultraviolet Method with a Simple and Reliable Extraction Method: Application to Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Study by 62 Real Patient Plasma.","authors":"Emrah Dural,&nbsp;Nilay Sedes Baskak,&nbsp;Hatice Özcan,&nbsp;Yağmur Kır,&nbsp;Bora Başkak,&nbsp;Halil Sinan Süzen","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2019.14599.12519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2019.14599.12519","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Determination of mirtazapine (MRP) during psychopharmacotherapy in biological fluids is essential to achieve successful therapy, to avoid toxicity related to drug interactions, genetic variability, and poor compliance. A new, rapid, and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography method has been developed in human plasma for the determination of MRP and <i>N</i>-desmethylmirtazapine (NDM) that is an active metabolite. The separation was achieved on a reverse-phase C18 250 x 4.6 mm i.d., ODS-3 column using programmed gradient elution at 40 °C. 20 mM potassium phosphate buffer (pH 3.9), acetonitrile, and triethylamine (75.0:24.9:0.1, v/v/v) were used as mobile phase A. Mobile phase B consisted of absolute acetonitrile. Clozapine was used as an internal standard. The method showed linearity with good determination coefficients (r²≥0.9981) for each analyte. Intra-day and interday assay precisions (RSD%) were found less than 3.4 and 2.9 for MRP and NDM, respectively. The intra-day and interday accuracy (RE%) of the method were calculated between (-2.8) and 5.5. A new extraction method was used in the study and an excellent recovery (average) values for MRP and NDM (94.4%, 106.6%, respectively) was obtained. The method was specific and sensitive as the limit of detection (LOD) were 0.17 for MRP and 0.15 ng/mL for NDM. This method was applied properly to plasma samples taken from patients receiving MRI (n = 62) treated with 15-30 mg / day. The obtained and statistically evaluated plasma MRP and NDM levels which were 28.6 ± 13.8 and 12.3 ± 6.5 (mean ± SD). The described procedure is relatively simple, precise, and applicable for routine therapeutic drug monitoring especially in psychiatry clinics and toxicology reference laboratories.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"18-30"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462492/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38373749","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Acetone Fraction of the Red Marine Alga <i>Laurencia papillosa</i> Reduces the Expression of Bcl-2 Anti-apoptotic Marker and Flotillin-2 Lipid Raft Marker in MCF-7 Breast Cancer Cells.","authors":"Josiane Elia, Karina Petit, Jean-Michel Huvelin, Mona Tannoury, Mona Diab-Assaf, Delphine Carbonnelle, Hassan Nazih","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100933","DOIUrl":"10.22037/ijpr.2020.1100933","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Marine macroalgae have attracted much attention in recent years as a valuable source of bioactive metabolites. The cytotoxic potential of the <i>Laurencia papillosa</i> red alga collected from the Lebanese coast has been investigated on human breast cancer cells MCF-7. The crude extract of <i>Laurencia papillosa</i> (<i>L. papillosa</i>) was fractionated by column chromatography using a series of increasingly polar solvents (methylene chloride, acetone and methanol). Cytotoxicity of the crude extract and fractions was determined by MTT assay in MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis was detected by annexin V/propidium iodide assay and by measurement of Bcl-2 expression. Flotillin-2 expression was examined using RT-qPCR and Western blot. The crude extract, and the fractions of CH2Cl2 and acetone exhibited a dose-dependent cytotoxic effect on MCF-7 cells. Apoptosis was specifically induced by one of the acetone fractions having the highest cytotoxicity. It has been demonstrated by an increase in late phase apoptotic cell populations, and a decrease in Bcl-2 anti-apoptotic marker expression on mRNA and protein levels in a dose- and time- dependent manner. Furthermore, this active fraction decreased Flotillin-2 expression associated with cancer progression. Our data suggest that <i>L. papillosa</i> is an important source of cytotoxic metabolites. Further studies are needed for the chemical characterization of the metabolite associated with observed biological activities.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"321-330"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462504/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38376527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Fourteen-day Experience with Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS): An Iranian Treatment Protocol.","authors":"Hamidreza Jamaati,&nbsp;Farzaneh Dastan,&nbsp;Payam Tabarsi,&nbsp;Majid Marjani,&nbsp;Ali Saffaei,&nbsp;Seyed MohammadReza Hashemian","doi":"10.22037/ijpr.2020.113337.14239","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22037/ijpr.2020.113337.14239","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>COVID-19 is currently causing concern in the medical community as the virus is spreading around the world. It has a heavy global burden, particularly in low-income countries. The clinical spectrum of COVID-19 pneumonia ranges from mild to critically ill cases and Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. An expert panel was held and an internal protocol was developed to manage the COVID-19 induced ARDS according to WHO recommendations and NIH guidelines. Different therapeutic regimens were employed on this protocol based on the ARDS severity and the patients' special characteristics. The mortality rate, the rate of survivors, and non-survivors were reported. Of the 231 suspected cases of COVID-19 admitted to the hospital during two weeks, 72 patients were admitted to ICU with diagnosis confirmed by RT-PCR. In total, mortality in the ICU was 25% (n = 18) among ARDS patients over two weeks. COVID-19 induced ARDS is a major concern. The rapid progression of ARDS needs specific protocol based on patients' characteristics and rapid action.</p>","PeriodicalId":416671,"journal":{"name":"Iranian Journal of Pharmaceutical Research : IJPR","volume":" ","pages":"31-36"},"PeriodicalIF":1.6,"publicationDate":"2020-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7462513/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"38373750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}