Pathologia最新文献

{"title":"Pelvic veins ultrasound changes after surgical correction in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome","authors":"B. S. Havrylenko, A. O. Nykonenko","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.276782","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.276782","url":null,"abstract":"Pelvic congestion syndrome is a form of varicose disease, which is considered to be one of the main causes of chronic pelvic pain in women, which is associated with a violation of pelvic veins hemodynamics. Pelvic venous disorders are invisible to clinicians due to the lack of pathognomonic symptoms and manual disease criteria, but it has significant consequences. Today, one of the main diagnostic methods of pelvic venous disorders is a transvaginal US of pelvic veins, including gonadal veins (ovarian veins in women). Thanks to this non-invasive and simple diagnostic method that does not require specific preparation and has no contraindications, we have significant opportunities in diagnosis, as well as in the further evaluation of the postoperative results of surgical correction of pelvic congestion syndrome. The aim of the study was to analyze changes of pelvic veins in patients with pelvic congestion syndrome before and after surgical intervention using the transvaginal US method. Materials and methods. The study included 35 patients which underwent surgical treatment using open surgery and endovascular procedure between April 2019 and February 2022 with pelvic congestion syndrome. All patients underwent transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvic veins before surgery. A control examination was performed after surgical treatment in 4–6 months. The examination was performed on an expert-class ultrasound system “Toshiba Aplio 500” using all international standards for transvaginal examination of pelvic veins to evaluate the changes of illiac, paraovarian, parametrial and ovarian veins from the left side and from the right side in patients with pelvic venous disorders. Conclusions. Transvaginal ultrasound of the pelvic veins can be considered one of the key diagnostic methods, with the help of which it is possible to investigate and evaluate hemodynamic disorders in the veins of the pelvis and pelvic organs in real time. Also, this method can be considered optimal for the control examination of patients who underwent surgical correction of pelvic congestion syndrome.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242417","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Imbalance of the protease-antiprotease system against the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in combination with ischemic heart disease","authors":"O. O. Kraidashenko","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.278133","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.278133","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study: to evaluate the clinical value of the violation of the expression level of MMP-9 and TIMP against the background of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in combination with ischemic heart disease (IHD).\u0000Materials and methods. In accordance with the set goal of the study, 26 people with COPD + IHD and 22 practically healthy people were under observation. The average age of patients was 56.68 ± 1.21 years; 76.92 % were men. In the control group, the average age was 54.37 ± 1.84 years, 72.73 % were men. The object of the study was ischemic heart disease: angina pectoris. Research methods: external respiration function study, six minute walk test, determination of heart rate variability, the concentration of MMP-9 and TIMP in blood serum was determined by the method of solid-phase enzyme immunoassay.\u0000Results. The analysis of the level of expression of proteases and its inhibitor shows that patients with comorbid IHD on the background of COPD demonstrated 8.11 times higher activity of MMP-9 (p < 0.05) compared to a cohort of practically healthy people. Indicators of TIMP activity in patients with IHD on the background of COPD are 1.46 ± 0.03 μg/ml, which is statistically significantly lower by 53.21 % (p < 0.05) compared to healthy people (3.12 ± 0.01 μg/ml). The presence of reliable correlations between the MMP-9 level and the FEV1 indicator (r = -0.67, p < 0.05), the LF/HF parameter (r = -0.74, p < 0.05) indicates, that when the level of expression of MMP-9 is elevated, there is a more pronounced violation of the function of external respiration and a shift in the sympatho-parasympathetic balance in the direction of sympathetic activation and a decrease in vagal tone in heart rate modulation.\u0000The analysis of the meeting frequency with the analysis of conjugation tables showed that in persons in the upper quartile of MMP-9, prognostically negative parameters of the function of external breathing – an isolated decrease in the Tifno index (χ2 = 5.2 at p = 0.03), as well as the expressiveness of shortness of breath – were recorded more often ≥6 points on the Borg scale when assessing exercise tolerance during the 6-minute walk test (χ2 = 7.3 at p = 0.02).\u0000Conclusions. The obtained data demonstrate that patients with IHD on the background of COPD have a pronounced proteolytic imbalance and disruption of fibrotic processes compared to practically healthy individuals.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242290","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The assessment of the depressive states severity and their relationship with concomitant type 2 diabetes and obesity in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin","authors":"K. M. Borovyk, N. H. Ryndina, O. I. Kadykova, P. H. Kravchun","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281142","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.281142","url":null,"abstract":"The aim is to assess the prevalence and expressiveness of depressive disorders in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) of the ischemic origin, depending on the presence of concomitant type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), obesity and their combined course, as well as to assess the influence of existing metabolic disorders on the development of depression in individuals of this cohort. Materials and methods. The study included 154 patients with CHF of ischemic origin. Group 1 included patients with CHF with coronary heart disease (CHD), T2DM and obesity (n = 42). The second group consisted of patients with CHF on the background of CHD with concomitant T2DM (n = 46), and the third group – with concomitant obesity (n = 36). The comparison group was formed from patients who had signs of CHF of ischemic origin without metabolic disorders (n = 30). The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used to assess the presence and nature of depressive disorders. Results. In patients with isolated CHF of ischemic origin, depression was found in 60 % of cases, according to BDI. In the second group depression was manifested in 80.6 % of cases, and in the third group – in 91.3 % of cases. 95.2 % of patients of the first group had depressive disorders. The average value of scores in patients of the first group significantly exceeded that of the patients of the fourth group by almost two times. Comparing the scores of patients of the second and third groups with the fourth group determined their increase by 57 % and 36 %, respectively. It was established that in patients with CHF of ischemic origin against the background of the combined course of T2DM, mild depression was found in 1/3 of patients, a quarter of patients had manifestations of moderate depression, 9.5 % of patients had severe depression and 4.8 % of people in this group had symptoms of mild depression. Conclusions. The presence of type 2 diabetes mellitus is associated with the development of depression in patients with chronic heart failure of ischemic origin. The combined course of type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity is a risk factor for the development of depression and its progression to a marked/severe form.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of acelysin and nimotop on the cellular response of the hippocampus during the dynamics of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage","authors":"O. Yu. Polkovnikov, S. I. Tertyshnyi","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.279845","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.2.279845","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. Immunohistochemical study of rat hippocampal neurons and astrocytes at different time-points of experimental brain hemorrhage treated with acelysin and nimotop. Materials and methods. Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) was modeled according to R. V. Dudhani et al. using 35 Wistar rats which were divided into 7 groups. Animals of the 1st and 2nd groups, for 4 and 7 days respectively received acelysin at a dose of 15 mg/kg once a day; animals of the 3rd and 4th groups received nimodipine at a dose of 0.3 mg/kg every 8 hours for 4 and 7 days. In groups 5th and 6th (control), SAH was modeled without treatment with observation periods of 4 and 7 days, respectively. The 7th group consisted of intact animals. Hippocampal CA1 fields were studied immunohistochemically evaluating the expression of CASP3, NeuN, GFAP by the relative area of immunostaining in ImageJ. Results. CASP3 expression in hippocampal neurons increases by 2.3 and 5.7 times on day 4 and by 1.8 and 3.9 times on day 7 of experimental SAH (groups 1–4) compared to intact group. GFAP expression increases in all observation groups compared to intact animals with the maximum values in the 5th group – by 8.14 times. The dynamics of NeuN expression in hippocampal neurons when using acelysin and nimotop corresponds to the inverse dynamics of CASP3 expression. The NeuN expression increases maximally on the 7th day of acelysin use and is equal to 91.76 % of the intact group values. Conclusions. The experimental SAH is accompanied by a change in the expression of CASP3, NeuN in neurons and GFAP in astrocytes. The use of acelysin and nimotop leads to decrease in CASP3 expression in hippocampal neurons on the 4th day by 3.82 and 1.54 times compared to control group, and on the 7th day by 4.00 and 1.84 times, respectively, which reflects the positive effect of the therapy on the prevention of apoptotic death of hippocampal neurons. Compared with nimotop, the use of acelicine significantly increases the expression of NeuN on day 4 and 7 – by 1.84 and 1.95 times, respectively, which indicates a more pronounced neuroprotective effect of acelysin on hippocampal neurons in SAH. Increased GFAP expression reflects the dynamic reactive remodeling of astrocytes, while the use of acelysin and nimotop does not affect the reduction of GFAP levels on days 4 and 7 of SAH and their return to baseline values. The results of the present experimental study provide a theoretical justification of the feasibility of including metabolitotropic drugs in the basic therapy of SAH.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136242293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of the capillary blood flow of the mucous membrane of the peri-implant area by laser Doppler flowmetry","authors":"D. Y. Maksymov, S. Varzhapetian, D. P. Parkhomenko, V. I. Salnykov, O. Mishchenko","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.273605","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.273605","url":null,"abstract":"Aim: to conduct a clinical analysis of the capillary blood flow of the mucous membrane of the peri-implant zone using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF), as well as a comparative assessment of the effectiveness of the implanted structure with a surface, modified with silver nanoparticles (AgNP).\u0000Materials and methods. The study involved 40 patients undergoing rehabilitation for secondary partial adentia by the method of dental implantation. The examinees were divided into 2 groups: Group 1 (20 patients) – gingival formers with a surface modified by plasma electrooxidation and doped with AgNP were installed; Group 2 (20 patients) – standard gingival formers of the used implant system with a polished surface were installed. A control group (20 patients) was formed to determine the reference values. In total, 60 patients were involved in the study. Blood flow velocity in the studied groups was determined by laser Doppler flowmetry.\u0000Results. On the 10th day, when using gingival formers with a surface containing AgNP, a positive trend with increasing the blood flow rate of the mucous membrane of the peri-implant zone (6.97 mm/s) is determined, in contrast of using the gingival formers with a polished surface (5.425 mm/s). In the process of using the gum formers with a surface containing AgNPs, an increase in capillary blood flow rate (by 22.2 %) in a separate location is evidence of a reduction in inflammatory processes and a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of the AgNP surface.\u0000Conclusions. Higher (by 22.2 %) indicators of capillary blood flow rate of the mucous membrane of the peri-implant zone in patients using gingival formers containing AgNP, compared to polished formers, indicates a pronounced anti-inflammatory effect of the proposed AgNP-doped surface.\u0000The values obtained in the group with AgNPs are as close as possible to the reference indicators of the blood flow rate in the capillary channel of the marginal gingiva of healthy people, which suggests the presence of a pronounced antimicrobial effect of silver nanoparticles on the surface of the gingival formers.\u0000Since blood flow in tissues is directly related to oxygenation of cells, reduction of local acidosis, reduction of inflammatory reactions and determines the state of tissue immunity, as well as directly affects the quality of reparative processes in damaged tissue, the obtained results allow recommending the proposed AgNP – surface for use in clinical practice.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"38 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88635920","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Problems of staging complicated forms of colon carcinoma in patients who were urgently operated in a general surgical hospital","authors":"M. A. Kubrak, S. M. Zavhorodnii, M. B. Danyliuk","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.273868","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.273868","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study: to analyze the results of surgical treatment and pathomorphological examination of preparations of patients who were urgently operated on for complicated forms of colon cancer, and to assess their influence on the correct staging of the tumor process in the postoperative period. Materials and methods. An analysis of data from pathomorphological studies of 71 (100 %) patients who underwent treatment at the surgical department for complicated forms of colon cancer was carried out. Results. Colon adenocarcinoma was detected in all 71 (100 %) patients (mucinous adenocarcinoma in 3 (4.23 %) patients, and the rest 68 (95.77 %) – unspecified adenocarcinoma). 44 (61.97 %) patients were diagnosed with moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma of the colon, 25 (35.21 %) – with poorly differentiated, and 2 (2.82 %) – with highly differentiated tumors. Conclusions. In the case of surgical interventions for complicated forms of colon cancer, lymphatic dissection in the minimum extent (D1) was performed in 54 (76.06 %) patients, and 17 (23.94 %) patients were operated on without removal of lymph nodes. The insufficient level of performing lymphatic dissections in patients with complicated forms of malignant pathology of the large intestine does not make it possible to assess the real picture of metastatic lesions of regional lymph nodes and to assign the correct stage of pN according to TNM 8 (in 17 (23.94 %) patients, no pathomorphological assessment was performed at all, and in 40 (56.34 %) patients, the number of examined lymph nodes were not indicated in the preparation). In the structure of staging of oncopathology, in 12 (16.90 %) patients, the stage of cancer was assign only according to the criterion of the degree of invasion (T) and in 5 (7.04 %) patients – only according to the data of instrumental examination and intraoperative revision (clinically), and was overestimated. Lack of a clear consistent assessment of the macroscopic, microscopic, immunohistochemical and molecular characteristics of the tumor process in 17 (23.94 %) patients leads to inaccuracies in the assessment of the stage of the tumor process, which in turn affects the prognosis for relapse and survival of the patient, and the tactic of postoperative treatment.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136044270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The influence of the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora on the severity and duration of rotavirus diarrhea in early-aged children","authors":"N. Vorobiova, O. Usachova, Ye.A. Silina, O. O. Furyk","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.272745","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.272745","url":null,"abstract":"The aim is to determine the pathogenetic role of the metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora in the formation of the severity and duration of rotavirus diarrhea in early-aged children.\u0000Materials and methods. 60 children aged 1–24 months with RVI were included in the research group. The metabolic activity of the intestinal microflora was determined by detecting short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in feces in the dynamics of the disease (the absolute concentration (μmol/l) of acetate, propionate, butyrate, the total concentration of SCFAs and the value of the anaerobic index (AI) on the 3rd, 5th and 10th days of RVI) using high-performance liquid chromatography with LC-MS chromatography Agilent 1260 Infinity HPLC System, USA.\u0000Results. From the 5th day of RVI, with a minimally expressed diarrheal syndrome, a higher total pool of SCFA and higher AI values were observed than with moderate-severe and severe diarrhea (p ˂ 0.05 on the 5th and 10th days of RVI). A longer duration of the diarrheal syndrome in children was associated with a decrease in the metabolic activity of sucrolytic intestinal bacteria: patients with diarrhea ≤5 days had 2.4 times higher indicators of the total pool of SCFA, than patients with the duration of diarrhea ≥6 days (p ˂ 0.05). The degree of reduction in the concentration of C3 and the value of AI on the 2–3rd days of RVI was directly correlated with the duration of diarrhea, which increased by 1 day with a decrease in C3 by 20.6 μmol/l or a decrease in AI by 0.05.\u0000Conclusions. The influence of the intestinal microflora metabolic deficiency on the severity of diarrhea in early-aged children manifests itself from the 5th day of illness. A decrease in the concentration of propionate and the value of AI on the 2–3rd days of the disease is the earliest indicator of prolonged diarrhea in children with RVI.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77918264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The clinical and prognostic role of changes in parameters of the hemostasis system and C-reactive protein in the development of thrombotic complications in oxygen-dependent patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19)","authors":"V. V. Cherkaskyi, O. Riabokon, Y. Riabokon","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.274921","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.274921","url":null,"abstract":"Aim. The purpose of our work was to find out the clinical and prognostic role of changes in hemostasis parameters and C-reactive protein (CRP) in the development of thrombotic complications in oxygen-dependent patients with coronavirus disease (COVID-19).\u0000Materials and methods. 211 oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 were examined. To assess the prognostic role of changes in hemostasis parameters and CRP, patients were divided into groups: I group – 94 patients who recovered, II group – 117 patients who died. Subgroups: II-A subgroup – 35 patients with thrombotic complications and II-B subgroup – 82 patients without these complications. All patients were examined and received treatment according to the normative documents in force at the relevant time.\u0000Results. The frequency of thrombotic complications in oxygen-dependent patients with COVID-19 was 16.6 %, among which the most common were pulmonary embolism (6.6 %), myocardial infarction (6.2 %), and ischemic stroke (3.2 %). Lifetime diagnosis of thrombotic complications took place on the 18th [16.0; 24.0] day of illness in 45.9 % of cases. Deathtime diagnosis of thrombotic complications took place on the 24th [20.0; 28.0] day of illness in 54.1 % of cases. Lifetime pulmonary artery thromboembolism was diagnosed less frequently than ischemic stroke (p = 0.002) and myocardial infarction (p = 0.02).\u0000With the development of oxygen dependence and admission to the intensive care unit on the 9th [8.0; 11.0] day of illness, changes in the hemostasis system were characterized as prothrombotic with an increase above the reference values of fibrinogen and D-dimer in patients of all groups. CRP in patients with fatal outcomes of the disease, regardless of the development of thrombotic complications, was higher (p < 0.05) than in patients who subsequently recovered, and was accordingly in patients of the I group – 67.65 [41.20; 139.95] mg/l, in the II-A group – 122.2 [61.2; 178.0] mg/l, and in patients of the II-B group – 109.8 [56.3; 180.0] mg/l.\u0000In the dynamics of complex treatment after 5–7 days, the level of fibrinogen, D-dimer and CRP had a diagnostic value in predicting the further development of thrombotic complications. With an increase in the level of fibrinogen >4.6 g/l (AUC = 0.600, p = 0.042), D-dimer >2.1 μg/ml (AUC = 0.704, p = 0.001) and CRP >89.3 mg/l (AUC = 0.720, p < 0.001) the probability of developing thrombotic complications was significant.\u0000Conclusions. In dynamics of complex treatment of oxygen-dependent patients after 5–7 days, the levels of fibrinogen, D-dimer and C-reactive protein had consistent diagnostic value in predicting further development of thrombotic complications. Increased fibrinogen >4.6 g/l, D-dimer >2.1 μg/ml, and CRP >89.3 mg/l were important for predicting the risk of developing thrombotic complications.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"28 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87981605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ammonia level and Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes in the brain of deceased patients with liver cirrhosis of the varying degree","authors":"T. Shulyatnikova, V. Tumanskyi","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.276453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.276453","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of the study – comparative analysis of the ammonia level and Alzheimer type 2 astrocytes in the brain cortex and white matter of cerebral hemispheres, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum and cerebellum in the deceased patients with liver cirrhosis of classes A, B and C according to Child–Pugh.\u0000Materials and methods. The study was performed on the brain of deceased 90 patients (65 ± 3 years) suffered from non-alcoholic liver cirrhosis (LC) of classes A (n = 30, group “A”), B (n = 30, group “B”) and C (n = 30, group “C”) according to Child–Pugh score, among which 59 (65.55 %) patients had clinical symptoms of hepatic encephalopathy of I–IV grades. The control group included postmortem brains of 30 patients (59.0 ± 2.5 years) who died from acute cardiovascular insufficiency and did not suffer from liver diseases or intoxication. A retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data from case histories was carried out. For histochemical (HC) determination of the ammonia in paraffin sections of the cerebral cortex and white matter, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum and cerebellum we used the protocol with Nessler’s reagent proposed by Gutierrez-de-Juan et al. (2017). In the noted brain regions, the analysis of HC ammonia optical density was performed in five standardized fields of view (×200) of the microscope scope A1 “Carl Zeiss” (Germany) with Jenoptik camera progress Gryphax 60 N-C1ꞌꞌ1.0x426114 (Germany) using ImageJ software; in each noted brain region the number of Alzheimer’s type 2 astrocytes (AA2) was counted per twenty standardized fields of view at magnification ×400.\u0000Results. HC method for ammonia detection with Nessler’s reagent according to V. Gutiérrez-de-Juan et al. (2017) reveals region-dependent fine-grained expression of ammonia in the brain neuropil of deceased patients in control and cirrhotic groups. In control patients, a very low HC ammonia expression is observed with higher values in cerebellum, thalamus, and striatum, while still ranked as negative. Increased HC ammonia expression (compared to control) is observed in deceased patients with compensated LC of “A” group in the cortex, thalamus, striatum and cerebellum; in subcompensated LC of “B” group – as well in the white matter and hippocampus. In deceased patients with decompensated LC of “C” group, in cerebellum, thalamus and striatum HC ammonia expression is maximally increased (by 6.18, 5.72, and 5.50 folds, respectively). Significant correlations are present between patients’ postmortem brain HC ammonia expression and the last intravital indicators of the blood total bilirubin, AST, ALT, albumin, leukocytic intoxication index. In compensated cirrhosis, increase in AA2 numbers compared to control is found in thalamus, striatum and cerebellum, which corresponds to AA2-astrocytosis of I degree. In subcompensated cirrhosis, AA2-astrocytosis of moderate II degree is found in the cortex, thalamus and cerebellum; AA2-astrocytosis of I degree – in striatum. In decompensate","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75864108","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Mesenchymal stem cells: diversity","authors":"O. M. Grabovyi, N. M. Nevmerzhytska, L. Yaremenko, H. B. Kostynskyi, A. Demydchuk, H. Y. Kondaurova","doi":"10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.272938","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.14739/2310-1237.2023.1.272938","url":null,"abstract":"Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are diverse in terms of plastic, secretory and immunophenotypic features, which is due to the peculiarities of their genetic landscape. MSCs like other body cells are the result of the implementation of genetic information. However, some cells at different stages of histogenesis leave it. Such resident cells in tissues are stem cells. They are in a state of plastic quiescence and their genome does not undergo changes that would lead to commitment / differentiation. Although, these cells show a certain activity, producing various biologically active factors. It is logical to assume that the cells emerging from the process of histogenesis at its various stages will have different genetic landscapes, immunophenotypes and secretory potentials. The activation of MSCs occurs under conditions of physiological or reparative regeneration. Moreover, on the second hand it is explosive. Under natural conditions, the activation of MSCs during damage leads to their differentiation into fibroblasts and the formation of a connective tissue scar. But such consequences of reparation often come into conflict with the goal of treatment, when the task is not the formation of a scar, but the restoration of the parenchyma of the organ and its function. Therefore, the effects that will be obtained when using MSCs will depend on their initial state and methods of management.\u0000Aim. To analyze literature data on mesenchymal stem cells that reflect their ability to differentiate and secrete regulatory factors, immunophenotypic features and genetic landscape that may underlie their diversity.\u0000Conclusions. To obtain the desired result from the use of MSCs in regenerative medicine many factors must be taken into account. But data in this area is still fragmentary and often ambiguous. In addition, even taking into account the known factors in their various combinations is a very difficult task in the management of MSC. Given the unconditional priority of genetic and molecular research of MSCs the empirical method of studying the plastic and physiological properties of MSCs remains relevant today. It can just not create the basis for the development of the latest treatment methods, but also determine the direction of research in genetic and molecular research.","PeriodicalId":41645,"journal":{"name":"Pathologia","volume":"19 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87929401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}