Measuring Equipment and Metrology最新文献

{"title":"VIRTUAL MEASURING INSTRUMENTS AS MEANS OF UNCERTAINTY EVALUATION","authors":"Denys Havryliv, R. Velgan","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2020.03.003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2020.03.003","url":null,"abstract":". Modern measuring instruments as highly technological, precise, multi-functional tools today are complex systems, and estimation of their uncertainty turns into a non-trivial task of science. To provide information about the probability of results, their convergence, and reproducibility, it is necessary to analyze the task-oriented measurement uncertainty. As an approach to determining the uncertainty of complex systems, to avoid the need for professionally experienced personnel and expensive “artifacts” used for evaluation, there is a method of a so-called virtual measuring instrument. In this method, the measurement process is simulated, taking into account the influence of the main disturbance parameters and conducting statistical analysis using the Monte Carlo approach. All characteristics of virtual modules repeat the properties of real devices but allow quick and qualitative evaluation of environmental parameters' effect on the accuracy, as well as the uncertainty of measurement. It allows us to evaluate the correctness of the result under the present conditions. The measurement uncertainty is usually caused by several major sources. Uncertainty depends on the method of measurement, but there are still common factors, i.e. uncertainty caused by measuring instruments, methods, operators, and environment. Among environmental influences, it is important to highlight – the change of light and temperature, which can vary widely variate at the production process, and at the same time have a crucial impact on the uncertainty of measurement. The paper presents a virtual measurement instrument method and its known implementations.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121089665","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING SYSTEM","authors":"M. Mashevska, R. Shchur, A. Ostenda","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.026","url":null,"abstract":"This article reveals the problems of creating a monitoring system to assess the ecological state of the environment of the selected area. An information model of the system has been developed, which takes into account the parameters of air, surface water, and soil pollution. The main components of the system, including the logical model of the database, have been designed and implemented. To assess the state of the environment according to the selected pollution parameters, the fuzzy logic model is constructed.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"103 4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123506436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualization method for multidimentional random processes","authors":"O. Poliarus, A. Lebedynskyi, Y. Chepusenko, N. Lyubymova","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2023.01.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2023.01.005","url":null,"abstract":"The article proposes a method for visualizing multidimensional random process realizations using the example of the concentrations of harmful gases emitted into the atmosphere from a thermal power plant. The method is based on the transformation of gas concentration values in one point of multidimensional space at the same time into a two-dimensional curve, which is described by the sum of products of normalized concentrations by orthogonal Legendre functions of the corresponding order. The combination of such curves on a two-dimensional plane at discrete times creates a characteristic image that can be used to visually detect features of gas concentrations over time by a human operator.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122769239","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"FEATURES OF IMPLEMENTATION OF RECURRENT LOGARITHMIC ADCs","authors":"Z. Mychuda, H. Yelisieieva, Z. Szcześniak","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2022.04.005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2022.04.005","url":null,"abstract":"This work is devoted to the study of the features of the implementation of recurrent logarithmic analog-to-digital converters (LADC). The general principles of construction of recurrent LADCs are outlined. The implementation of recurrent LADC with a constant and a variable in the process of converting the base of the logarithm is considered. Generalized structural schemes of the recurrent LADCs are given, and their accuracy and speed of operation are evaluated. Changing the base of the logarithm leads to a significant increase in the speed of the recurrent LADCs, and it is advisable to change the base according to the binary law. An increase in the number of conversion cycles in the recurrent LADCs with a variable base of the logarithm made it possible to obtain an accuracy higher than the nominal value of the source code. For example, in the 8-bit recurrent LADC, the accuracy of 10 binary digits is obtained in 4 conversion cycles. Exceeding the nominal value by more than 2-4 binary digits is practically impractical due to a significant increase in conversion time.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129562864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"KINETIC AND ENERGETIC PERFORMANCES OF THERMOMETRIC MATERIAL TiCo1-xMnxSb: MODELLING AND EXPERIMENT","authors":"V. Krayovskyy, V. Pashkevych, M. Rokomanyuk, Petro Haranuk, V. Romaka, Y. Stadnyk, L. Romaka, A. Horyn","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2021.01.019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.01.019","url":null,"abstract":"The results of a complex study of the semiconductor thermometric material TiСo1-xMnxSb, х=0.01–0.10, for the producing of sensitive elements of thermoelectric and electro resistive sensors are presented. Microprobe analysis of the concentration of atoms on the surface of TiСo1-xMnxSb samples established their correspondence to the initial compositions of the charge, and X-ray phase analysis showed the absence of traces of extraneous phases on their diffractograms. The produced structural studies of the thermometric material TiСo1-xMnxSb allow to speak about the ordering of its crystal structure, and the substitution of Co atoms on Mn at the 4c position generate structural defects of acceptor nature. The obtained results testify to the homogeneity of the samples and their suitability for the study of electrokinetic performances and the manufacture of sensitive elements of thermocouples. Modeling of structural, electrokinetic and energetic performances of TiСo1-xMnxSb, х=0.01–0.10, for different variants of spatial arrangement of atoms is performed. To model energetic and kinetic performances, particularly the behavior of the Fermi level, the band gap, the density of states (DOS) distribution was calculated for an ordered variant of the structure in which Co atoms at position 4c are replaced by Mn atoms. Substitution of Co atoms (3d74s2) by Mn (3d54s2) generates structural defects of acceptor nature in the TiСo1-xMnxSb semiconductor (the Mn atom contains fewer 3d- electrons than Co). This, at the lowest concentrations of impurity atoms Mn, leads to the movement of the Fermi level from the conduction band to the depth of the band gap. In a semiconductor with the composition TiCo0.99Mn0.01Sb, the Fermi level is located in the middle of the band gap, indicating its maximum compensation when the concentrations of ionized acceptors and donors are close. At higher concentrations of impurity Mn atoms, the number of generated acceptors will exceed the concentration of donors, and the concentration of free holes will exceed the concentration of electrons. Under these conditions, the Fermi level approach, and then the level of the valence band TiСo1-xMnxSb cross: the dielectric-metal conductivity transition take place. The presence of a high-temperature activation region on the temperature dependence of the resistivity ln(ρ(1/T)) TiСo1‑xMnxSb at the lowest concentration of impurity atoms Mn, х=001, indicates the location of the Fermi level in the band gap of the semiconductor thermopower coefficient α(Т,х) at these temperatures specify its position - at a distance of ~ 6 meV from the level of the conduction band . In this case, electrons are the main carriers of current. The absence of a low-temperature activation region on this dependence indicates the absence of the jumping mechanism conductivity. Negative values of the thermopower coefficient α(Т,х) TiСo0,99Mn0,01Sb at all temperatures, when according to DOS calculations the concentrations of acceptors an","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"79 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121344475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF CYBERPHYSICAL SYSTEMS POTENTIAL FOR AGRICULTURAL APPLICATION","authors":"T. Bubela, T. Fedyshyn","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2019.04.023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2019.04.023","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring an effective state policy in the field of creation and functioning of the Cyber-Physical Systems (further – CPS) in Ukraine requires a detailed study of the current state and analysis of trends in the development of CPS, their types in the world in the field of agro-industry, the peculiarities of public governance mechanisms in the leading countries of the world and especially in the EU, improvement of regulatory and legal support on CPS in Ukraine, adopting national and international standards as national, on different requirements and technical characteristics necessary for the functioning of CPS, holding certification of their interoperability, provision of conditions for vocational training of qualified personnel and improvement of their qualification to manage CPS. The development of automation and GPS-assisted vehicle management in the agricultural sector has established the concept of precision agronomy and precision agriculture, as well as automation in the production chain. However, such systems have significant drawbacks related to the flexibility, rationing, reliability, and real-time presentation of data. The mechanisms of control and standardization of the creation and functioning of the CPS in the field of agro-industry are analyzed. Suggestions for improving these processes have been created. In order to create appropriate regulatory, technical and metrological assurance, the classification of CPS is proposed by different criteria, namely: by industry, by type of work performed, by nature of the movement, by type of management. Taking into account the risks of CPS is particularly important for the agricultural sector. From a technical point of view, risks were identified during the construction and operation of the CPS. They relate to data heterogeneity, reliability, data management, privacy, security, and large-scale processing of large amounts of data. Based on the experience of European countries, where the term cyber-physical systems is used to describe firmware embedded systems that are connected to services available worldwide through global networks such as the Internet, and their diverse potential for development and use, the use of the term “cyber-physical system” and its definition in the national regulatory framework. Based on the global trends in the functioning of the CPS, the need for their certification is substantiated, which must confirm the requirements for its reliability, security, stability, and confidentiality.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"110 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131587901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"MATERIAL TEST AND RESULTS ESTIMATION BY SAFETY INDEXES","authors":"M. Mykyjchuk, Y. Rudyk","doi":"10.23939/ISTCMTM2021.02.038","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/ISTCMTM2021.02.038","url":null,"abstract":"In the article, both the test method features and the test results of research of thermal behavior of steel fragment were analyzed. Two types of test conditions for steel construction material were considered. The definition and main features of measurement techniques were presented. Fire retardant material test results for steel plates with hydrogen combustion shown the limit of fire resistance of the tested samples is more than 30 min. The main advantages and disadvantages of the test were determined. The positive and negative aspects of this approach were analyzed. These techniques' effective thermal condition is in an environment of uncertainty and has no limited resources was established. Concepts and principles for establishing validity, and frameworks and methods for validating test methods and their results are important elements of safety systems. The article considers the safety of the technical component of a complex organizational and technical system with the study of the functional relationship between the safety elements parameters: temperature, time, fire retardant – by hydrogen participation.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"49 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131673799","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ISSUE ON MEASURING THE LIGHT SPEED IN VACUUM","authors":"Vasil Сhaban","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.061","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2021.04.061","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the proposed differential equations of the interaction of the electric signal with the gravitational field, the observed phenomena are known as the gravitational lens and the Shapiro effect are investigated. The deflection of a light ray in the field of the Sun is simulated. It is shown that a moving photon undergoes in the gravitational field not only a transverse action, which causes a curvature of the trajectory but also a longitudinal one, implementing the acceleration-braking processes. As a result, the instability of the speed of light in a vacuum was revealed.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"155-156 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133734543","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"ANALYSIS OF REQUIREMENTS FOR EQUIPMENT AND TECHNIQUES ACCORDING TO ISO/IEC 17025:2017","authors":"O. Melnichenko, Oleg Horoshilov, O. Maletska","doi":"10.23939/ISTCMTM2019.01.067","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/ISTCMTM2019.01.067","url":null,"abstract":"It is important to carry out metrological confirmation of the used measuring equipment in order to obtain reliable measurement results during the conformity assessment of products. Assessment of the metrological confirmation of the measuring equipment confirms its conformity with the given measuring task. For proper performance of this task it is necessary to have an appropriate measurement technique. When performing measurements in accordance with a specified method, it is important to clearly comply with the requirements contained in the measuring equipment, the conditions of conducting, the sequence of measurement operations, and the requirements for specialists. The fulfillment of these requirements makes it possible to obtain a reliable result with the necessary accuracy. The implementation of ISO/IEC 17025:2017 is an important step in setting requirements for measurements. This edition of the standard proposes to standardize and evaluate the accuracy of the measurement result not only in uncertainty of measurements, but also in other indicators of accuracy. The analysis of international requirements for equipment, including measurement, techniques of test and measurement, and standardization of requirements of the discussed standard have been carried out. An important factor in the implementation of the standard in Ukraine is the absence of the national standards which could regulate the general requirements for measuring equipment application and assess the obtained results accuracy. In the standard under consideration, the general approaches to the use of equipment and to accuracy of the received results obtained by appropriate techniques are provided.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114602881","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COMPUTER VISUAL INSPECTION OF PEAR QUALITY","authors":"Mykhailo Ilchuk, A. Stadnyk","doi":"10.23939/istcmtm2023.01.025","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.23939/istcmtm2023.01.025","url":null,"abstract":"A brief description of the basic stages of image processing is given to pay attention to the segmentation stage as a possible way to improve efficiency in decision-making. The main characteristics of the presented model are visual signs, such as color, shape, the presence of a stem, and others. Due to the different approaches in image processing, a high level of truthfulness is achieved, which is expressed in the percentage ratio of the accuracy of decision-making and varies in the range from 90 to 96%. Therefore, the results obtained in this work make it possible to automate the process of visual inspection with the prospect of increasing the speed and quality of product sales for the consumer.","PeriodicalId":415989,"journal":{"name":"Measuring Equipment and Metrology","volume":"124 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116473964","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}