{"title":"Chronic Poverty and Economic Growth in Uganda: The Role of Markets","authors":"S. Ssewanyana, L. Bategeka","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1755024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1755024","url":null,"abstract":"To design effective strategies to combat poverty, policy makers need to know precisely who have and have not benefited from the impressive macroeconomic performance Uganda enjoyed between 1992 and 2000. And this is what the paper endeavours to provide insights into, with a bias in favour of, and thereby focus on the role of, markets.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2007-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122130792","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Upper Bound of the Gini Index in the Absence of Mean Income Information","authors":"Tomson Ogwang","doi":"10.1111/j.1475-4991.2006.00210.x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-4991.2006.00210.x","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, an upper bound of the Gini index, based on grouped data, is proposed assuming that there is no information on all the group mean incomes as well as the overall mean income but the limits of the income brackets are known. An important advantage of this proposal is that conventional formulas for the upper bound of the Gini index could be applied directly by substituting the (unknown) mean income for each income bracket with the corresponding value that maximizes the grouping correction for that income bracket. The effects of varying the number and size of income brackets are investigated.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2006-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133308878","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Governance of Microcredit as a Strategy for Poverty Reduction in the Philippines","authors":"Frede Moreno","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1991462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1991462","url":null,"abstract":"Microcredit can be an effective tool for tackling the global poverty problem. Making microcredit work better for the poor necessitates a framework that integrates the principles of good governance in the design and implementation of a microcredit program. The integration of good governance principles in microfinance is argued to have positive consequences in improving financial viability and increasing social outreach of microcredit programs as well as in widening the livelihood and economic options of Agrarian Reform Beneficiaries within Third World economic and poverty conditions. Governance principles can be applied as implementation strategies of Official Development Assistance (ODA)-assisted microfinance program as a tool for poverty reduction and development. In view of the Philippine government’s limitations, economic and fiscal challenges, the financial and technical support programs of the international donor community provide a big boost to the effectiveness and impact of microfinance in reducing the incidents of poverty in Third World countries such as the Philippines. As a tool for poverty reduction, microcredit is applicable only to the enterprising poor. The use of microcredit to assist poverty groups is recommended to be based on existing livelihood activities and micro-entrepreneurial skills and capabilities. Furthermore, the program design of the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee (BRAC) is found to be appropriate for the agrarian reform beneficiaries in Zamboanga Peninsula (Region IX), Philippines. Joe Remenyi’s (1999) Poverty Pyramid reinforces BRAC’s graduated strategy for helping the poor when they are grouped into: (1) micro-enterprise operators or the less poor, (2) enterprising or moderately poor, (3) laboring or very poor, and (4) poorest of the poor and most vulnerable or the ultra-poor.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"25 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-11-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120914551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Estimating Individual Vulnerability to Poverty with Pseudo-Panel Data","authors":"F. Bourguignon, C. Goh, Dae Il Kim","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-3375","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3375","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an original method to study individual earning dynamics using repeated cross-sectional data. Because panel data of individuals are seldom available in developing countries, it is difficult to study individual earning dynamics and related issues such as the propensity of earners to fall into poverty or vulnerability to poverty because of changes in earning. This paper shows that under the assumption that individual earning dynamics obey some basic properties and follow a simple stochastic process, the main parameters of this process can be recovered from repeated cross sectional data. The knowledge of these parameters then permits simulation of the earning dynamics of an individual, and estimate other measures of interest, such as an individual's vulnerability to poverty. The results show that model parameters recovered from pseudo-panels approximate reasonably well those estimated directly from a true panel. Moreover, implications of the model, in this case pseudo-panel measures of vulnerability to poverty, reflect closely those based on actual panel data.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"51 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114037942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Rmsm-X+P: A Minimal Poverty Module for the Rmsm-X","authors":"Derek H.C. Chen, T. Ranaweera, A. Storozhuk","doi":"10.1596/1813-9450-3304","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1596/1813-9450-3304","url":null,"abstract":"The authors present a new tool, the RMSM-X+P, which essentially consists of a RMSM-X model with an additional module for poverty and social indicators. This linkage facilitates the analysis of the impact of various macroeconomic shocks on a selected set of key social indicators. Poverty analysis is performed by the use of a poverty equation (which is estimated using pooled data for a group of low-income countries) that links the incidence of poverty to inflation, the literacy rate, real GDP per capita, the degree of trade openness, and income inequality. Similarly, the authors analyze the effects of various macroeconomic shocks on education and health with the aid of equations for education and health. This new tool allows the user to address a limited number of policy issues. However, it does possess several merits, perhaps the most substantial being that it permits the users to move beyond approaches that focus on the partial correlation between growth and poverty in discussions of poverty reduction.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2004-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125440870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Bureaucratic Effects: 'Weberian' State Structures and Poverty Reduction","authors":"J. Henderson, D. Hulme, H. Jalilian, R. Phillips","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.1754432","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.1754432","url":null,"abstract":"Work developed broadly within the Weberian tradition has argued, for a long time, that there is a link between effective bureaucratic institutions and economic development. In a widely cited article, Evans and Rauch (1999) have demonstrated that there is a strong relationship between a national state's bureaucratic capacities (what they refer to as its 'Weberianness') and its record on economic growth. Drawing on their work, this paper examines an equally crucial relation: that of state bureaucratic capacities to poverty reduction. Using the Evans-Rauch data set and the best available data sets on income poverty for the period 1970-90, the paper analyses data for 29 developing and middle income countries. On the basis of this work, the paper concludes that, in general, there is indeed a strong relationship between states with effective 'Weberian' public institutions and their ability to reduce poverty.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"160 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2003-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121690090","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Do Labor Market Policies and Growth Fundamentals Matter for Income Inequality in OECD Countries? Some Empirical Evidence","authors":"P. Vanhoudt","doi":"10.2307/3867564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3867564","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents an assessment of the relationship between income distribution, fundamentals affecting economic growth, and labor market policies. When this relationship is tested, the explanatory power turns out to be surprisingly high: on average, economic fundamentals explain about three-fourths of the variation in various inequality measures for the countries of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Moreover, Granger causality between accumulating economic fundamentals and inequality seems to hold.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1997-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130200463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Chronic Poverty and PRSPs: A Desk Study","authors":"U. Grant, R. Marcus","doi":"10.2139/SSRN.1755106","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/SSRN.1755106","url":null,"abstract":"As the main focus of poverty reduction activity in poor countries, the PRSP approach has the potential to make a major difference to chronic poverty. This paper examines the ways in which PRSPs treat chronic poverty and their potential to make significant impacts on it.Many recent reviews have sought to assess how well PRSPs tackle certain themes, such as, HIV/AIDS, gender, child wellbeing, rural development and forestry. This paper does notattempt to do the same for chronic poverty - firstly, chronic poverty is too broad - almost all aspects of a PRS affect it. Secondly, a desk study cannot illuminate the all-important questions of implementation; only locally-informed analysis can do so. Instead this paper has two purposes: to summarise what can be gleaned from a desk study with regard to the treatment of chronic poverty in PRSPs, focusing in particular on poverty analysis and monitoring; and key areas of policy and action likely to impact on chronic poverty; and to contribute to defining the agenda for the Chronic Poverty Research Centre’s forthcoming primary research on how far PRSPs are contributing to reducing chronic poverty. This will focus largely on questions related to implementation and how it can more effectively reduce chronic poverty.Our focus in this paper was to obtain a good overview of how chronic poverty is treated in a range of PRSPs, rather than undertake in-depth analyses of particular contexts; this will be done in the primary research.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127231146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Impact Evaluation for Comprehensive Slum Upgrading Projects: Effects in Housing Deficits, Health, Poverty, Security and Life Quality in Nicaragua","authors":"Marc Pérez-Casas","doi":"10.2139/ssrn.3087119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3087119","url":null,"abstract":"The population living in informal settlements in Latin America continues to grow even after 40 years of slum upgrading projects addressing infrastructure and housing deficits and poverty reduction. The systematic measurement of these projects and their impact on their living conditions remains a challenge. This article shows the results of an impact evaluation on comprehensive neighborhood upgrading projects in Nicaragua, conducted by the Inter-American Development Bank and Housing Ministry, in two cities where three intervened neighborhoods are compared to two counterparts. For this purpose, the difference in differences method was applied to six key indicators: improvement in habitability, health, household economy, physical security, life quality and proliferation of businesses. The results demonstrate there is indeed a positive impact and that it can be measured, offering important lessons on reducing qualitative deficits in housing and poverty levels that can help policy makers to redesign and attend more accurately housing and infrastructure deficits in Latin America and the Caribbean.","PeriodicalId":415707,"journal":{"name":"SRPN: Poverty (Topic)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129778489","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}