Advances in Social and Organizational Factors最新文献

{"title":"Macroergonomics in the Design of the Quality of Work Environment and of Human Life: Examples of Practical Applications","authors":"A. Jasiak","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100335","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100335","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this work is explaining what is the essence of macroergonomics, on basis of the analysis of the world achievements from the scope of disciplines: human factors ergonomics, project studies, science studies, organization theory, psychology and sociology. Moreover, what is the role of macroergonomics in the formation of not only the quality of the technical environment or the work environment, but also the quality of life of individuals, as well as entire populations. Macroergonomics is, according to the classification recognized in world, the third phase of the evolution of ergonomics, which is the most current and modern generation of ergonomics. In other words, macroergonomics is an organization – machine interface technology. Elements of macroergonomics (criteria and determined scientific areas, as well as tendencies that contribute the creation of the essence of macroergonomics) are presented from two sides: the conceptual and methodological side and the side of possibilities for practical implementations (the set of works realized by the author along with works made under her direction). The paper is composed from four integral threads. The first part presents views on the quality of life and the quality of the work environment. The second part is dedicated to the genesis of macroergonomics and to prospects of its development. The third part, in view to its limited volume, illustrates the general image of different possibilities to apply macroergonomics into practice in determined areas of technique and economy. The paper presents an example of a demand of enterprises for ergonomic knowledge in relation to the process of designing the company’s strategy and marketing plan, presented for the case of authorized passenger cars dealer companies. The work ends with a conclusion on the role of macroergonomics in the creation of the man’s quality of life and possibilities of the development of this discipline in the future.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133454588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Possibilities and Challenges of Communication in Six Finnish Industrial and Planning Organizations","authors":"Henna Filppa","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100357","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, I study work-related communication in six Finnish industrial and planning organizations. I analyzed the communication through a comparison of distant and face-to-face examples showing how distance negatively influences communication because the distant communicants don’t have same contextual information. Sharing of situational information can help mitigate the negative impact of distance. Face-to-face communication was seen as important in the case organizations, as it enables informal communication and builds trust and commitment. Nevertheless, face-to-face communication does not automatically produce documentation, and proper minute keeping and documentation were demonstrably important.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134645990","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heads in the Sand: The Failure to Engage With Our Ageing Society","authors":"A. Woodcock","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100370","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100370","url":null,"abstract":"The increasing number of older people requires serious attention from policy makers and service providers if a crisis in care is to be avoided. This paper presents a biographical study of 9 months in the life of an elderly couple, looking at the problems experienced by them and their family when dealing with different stages of health and social care provision. The study covered periods of general health, hospitalization, reablement and separation. Studying the events arising in each period has provided insights into the requirements of the frail elderly and the adequacy of current provision.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125590266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Can Design Teachers Evaluate Students’ Products from an End-User Point-of-View?","authors":"Barbara N.E. Kok abc, Karin Slegers b, Peter Vink c","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100311","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of design education is to teach future designers to create products that fulfil the needs, wishes and expectations of the targeted users. Therefore, it seems reasonable that teachers in design education should have knowledge on how users experience products and apply this in the evaluation of design assignments. The question is whether ‘teachers are able to estimate the user experience?’. To answer this question the correlation between the assessment of products done by users and by teachers is analysed, by assessing 76 products designed by students. The teachers assessment correlated strongly to the assessment done by a jury of end users, (ρ = 0.743, α < 0.000), if the products designed for general target groups (i.e. adults between 18 and 65 years of age without special disabilities or very specific problems and needs). However, no correlation was found between the assessment of teachers and a jury of end users of products designed for people with disabilities or very specific problems and needs (such as bed bound hospitalized children).\u0000","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124634867","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analysis and Development of Occupational Competencies of 21st Century Managers of Municipal Sector","authors":"M. Spychała","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100351","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100351","url":null,"abstract":"In the article the implementation stages of 21st century manager’s competency profile in municipal sector were presented. The main managers’ occupational competencies were described: communication skills, organizational skills, ethics management skills, team management skills and creative thinking skills. In the practical part of this paper examination of managers’ professional competencies in selected enterprises of Wielkopolska municipal sector was performed. At the same time methods of occupational skills development were assessed. Current managers’ knowledge and skills level were taken into account during planning of their development.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121611870","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Descriptive Evidence of the Work-Family Compensation among Japanese Midwives: Using the Multiple Role Map Program","authors":"Yasuyuki Yamada, Yukari Kinooka, T. Ebara, Motoki Mizuno","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100353","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100353","url":null,"abstract":"Working midwives actively perform various roles including midwife, manager, mother, marital partner and friend. From the “compensation” perspective, they try to cope with dissatisfaction caused in one role (e.g. midwife role) by obtaining satisfaction in other roles (e.g. mother role). Although the episodes about compensation were useful information for the practical career support, the previous studies didn’t show enough evidence. Hence, this study aimed to collect compensation episodes from Japanese working midwives and to show the descriptive evidence by using Multiple Role Map (MRM) program. The participants were female midwives working in a university hospital in Japan. We conducted the MRM program to all of the midwives working in the hospital and collected eighteen MRM sheets from them (recovery rate = 100%). According to the spreadsheet and descriptive episodes, major contents of compensable dissatisfactions were fatigue, frustration, pressure, distress and job stressors caused in the midwife and manager roles. Meanwhile, these dissatisfactions were compensated by satisfactions received in the friend, marital partner and mother roles and the private time. To obtain more practical findings for the career support, we will develop a statistical scoring method with the MRM data and conduct a validation study comparing the scores and external criterion for standardized health outcomes.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117338694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An Analysis of Drug Administration Taskson Safety Management in Medical Centers","authors":"N. Yamao, Y. Okada","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100323","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100323","url":null,"abstract":"The safety management in various hospitals recently has begun in order to reduce the incidents and prevent human errors. Among incidents that occurred in hospital, many are related to drug administration error. Drug administration error is a type of human error that occurs somewhere in the process spanning from medicine prescription by the doctor through administration by the nurse. We examined whether there is any problem with the incident report on the drug administration error in the hospital. Then, we found that it is difficult for safety manager with little experience, to find the problems in drug administration task. Also we found that they didn’t know how they would discuss countermeasures. Therefore we studied to help safety manager find and take measure in work including dangerous factors at drug administration tasks by evaluating the risk of the work. The method is evaluating the risk of the work in the drug administration tasks by using Factors List, Risk Score and Influence of the Factors. By using this method, it helps safety managers in the hospitals understand problems of the work in the drug administration tasks and activate the recurrence prevention activities of medical accident.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130127169","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Study of the Organizational Support for Building Resilience of the Fitness Club Employees","authors":"Naoto Shojia, Yasuyuki Hochib, Hirotsugu Fujiia, Hiromitsu Moriguchia","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100354","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100354","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to clarify the process of building resilience, to obtain the viewpoint of　organizational support for building resilience in fitness club. We stand on asserting that was required to build resilience for making best use of human resources from perspective of career management. Interview survey was carried out targeting 32 employees who belong to five major the fitness clubs, 28 (15males, 13females) valid samples were used for this study. KJ-method was adopted throughout analysis to lead the process and the support for building resilience. As a result, the process for building resilience was led. It was found that adversity played an important role in the process, the difference in recognition toward adversities separate the process for building resilience. Additionally, a wide various supports were provided in the process. Especially, following three were shown as significant matters to support building resilience on the process. 1) It was that to construct mistake systems for promoting to challenge adversity positively, 2) It was that to promote creating inter personal relationship of employees and key persons, 3) It was that to structure a frame for collecting and managing feedbacks from the clients.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"73 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133663004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Risk Assessment of Forging Workers in Unorganized Sector of Uttrakhand, India","authors":"Kavita Narwal, Promila Sharma, Pratibha Joshi","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100347","url":null,"abstract":"A blacksmith is a person who forges, or shapes, metal by first heating it until it is red-hot, then uses tools like chisels and hammers to force the metal into the shape he desires. Blacksmiths usually work standing up and have to bend over to work on pieces of metal. The work can involve heavy lifting, use of power tools such as power hammers, drills, air chisels and hydraulic presses. However, use of such power tools and poor body posture lead to MSDs. Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) are common health problem throughout the world and a major cause of disability in the workplace. MSDs are found due to Inappropriate and poor working postures, lack of task variation, poor ergonomic design of work places, and poor design of plant layout, long working hours, low salaries and awkward schedules are all areas where relatively simple intervention can significantly reduce the rate of exposure to MSDs. They also deal with extremely hot objects and face a constant worry about fire and heat. The blacksmiths perform repetitive hammering jobs that give shape to the instruments. This type of job not only requires skill but is also time consuming. Hammering jobs are responsible for most of the incidents. In Iron & Steel and other manufacturing industries, foundries and forges produce a lots of pollutants in the environment – both working and ambient environment. In these processes, metals are extracted and produced from ores by various metallurgical processes and processes for moulding, melting and castings etc. are accompanied by evolution of heat, noise, dust fines, fly-ash, oxides of Nitrogen, Sulphur and metals. Particulate matters are generated in large quantities when preparing mould core sands and moulds melting metals, pouring metal, knocking out poured moulds and loading and unloading raw materials. Here metals are given a specific shape by metal castings for various engineering purposes. Gaseous matters like gases, vapours, fumes and smoke are produced during melting and pouring operations. The major pollutants are emitted from various work areas in Foundry i.e. Pattern shop, Sand preparation, moulding and core making, mould drying and ladle heating, cupola, electric arc furnace, pouring and mould cooling, knockout, fettling, heat treatment etc. In addition, various air pollutants and noise pollutants (Davis, 2002) are produced from forge shops and other manufacturing industrial units. So keeping all these factors in mind, a study was conducted to assess the risks involved among forging workers of Uttrakhand state of India. For this purpose 120 workers were taken through snowball technique. The data revealed that the most common problem faced by the workers was improper working posture and inappropriate working environment. Due to poorly designed work place, working environment, and working tools, workers physiological and psychological cost of work was high they reported to have health problems like back ache, shoulder ache and difficulty in movemen","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"53 45","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132389995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ergonomic Problems in Japan’s Medical Air Transportation Services","authors":"K. Shinohara","doi":"10.54941/ahfe100349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100349","url":null,"abstract":"Special considerations must be given in medical air transportation to medical professionals, medical equipment, and flight crews due to the conditions of the critically ill patients transported, the intra-aircraft environment, and the need to make emergency flights. However, few studies have investigated the ergonomic problems faced by the medical air transportation services provided in Japan. Therefore, here we investigated ergonomic problems, including those related to medical device use, faced by medical personnel and the aviation community in Japan. Results indicated that basic education and training on aerospace physiology, intra-aircraft use of medical equipment, flight operation systems, and crew resource management are currently insufficient in standard medical education. In fact, most medical devices used during flights are conventional devices with no ergonomic considerations made for vibration or low cabin pressure. In particular, problems relating to human-machine interfaces, power supplies, electromagnetic compatibility, and the ergonomic and technical compatibilities of electronic medical equipment used during the flights must be improved. Improvements are also needed in relation to safety during emergency flights such as those made at night or in bad weather, crew training, and air traffic control systems during large-scale disasters. Interdisciplinary collaboration is required to further investigate and resolve these problems.","PeriodicalId":415611,"journal":{"name":"Advances in Social and Organizational Factors","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125415072","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}