Herald of an Archivist最新文献

{"title":"Organization of Soviet Higher Pre-Conscription Military Training in the Second Half of the 1930s","authors":"A. Sitdikov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-527-539","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-527-539","url":null,"abstract":"The article assesses organizational changes in the process of higher pre-conscription military training in civilian educational institutions of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. This system was the most important element of training Red Army reserve personnel for the upcoming Great Patriotic War. It was created in 1930 during forced industrialization when specialists were in urgent demand in the national economy. Thus, the Soviet leadership faced the task of creating a system permitting to train future commanders without discontinuing their profession educational. The current geopolitical situation increases relevance of studying history of military personnel training in the USSR in the 1930s. The novelty of this study is that it describes for the first time the process of transformation of the institute of higher pre-conscription military training in civilian educational institutions of the USSR in the second half of the 1930s. The research is based on the office documents of the People's Commissariat of Defense and those of military districts, stored in the fond 62 of the Russian State Military Archive. The author has established reasons that influenced structural changes in the process of training reserve personnel and identified decisions of the top military leadership on the matter. The article also reveals the impact of the Red Army’s repressions of 1937–38 on the system of higher pre-conscription military training. It is noted that in the new conditions, the approach to students selection changed, more attention was paid to political reliability of personnel and students. In addition, the top military leadership decided to reduce the period of higher pre-conscription military training from three to two years, while increasing training hours. The list of educational institutions with higher pre-conscription military training also changed. However, by 1938 the geopolitical situation had changed significantly, and the position of the USSR in international politics had deteriorated greatly. The military leadership faced the problem of forced training of personnel for the regular army, and therefore the institute of higher pre-conscription training was no longer relevant. In August 1938, the system was eliminated; there was a transition to accelerated pre-army training.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388404","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Analytical Materials of the N.I. Evdokimov’s Archive as a Source for Studying the Caucasus Military and Political History of the 18th – 19th Centuries","authors":"Dmitry S. Tkachenko","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-663-674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-663-674","url":null,"abstract":"The article analyses documents making up the collection of General Nikolai Ivanovich Evdokimov, a well-known figure of the military and political history of the North Caucasus of the 19th century. The collection is now stored in the fonds of the Russian State Military Historical Archive. The file consists of 17 parts, its volume exceeding 500 sheets. Despite the collection value, we have no general notion of the materials subjects, since the drafted documents inventory was compiled prior to the revolution of 1917 by the staff of the Military Scientific Archive of the General Headquarters. The study is to assess the topics and to analyse the content of the documents in the collection, clarifying the nature of Evdokimov’s military-administrative activities and tracing the wide range of his scientific interests. The materials mostly contain N.I. Evdokimov’s correspondence with his subordinates and administrators involved in the Caucasus governance. The collection contains documents of management and record keeping of military and administrative nature; materials on the general's biography; and the so-called \"random papers\": draft documents compiled by Evdokimov and extracts on current events in the Caucasus, which interested him. The most informative is part 11, collection of materials compiled both by Evdokimov himself and for him. The research has classified analytical materials of the collection into the following groups: documents describing the history of the Caucasus; documents on the relationship building with the highlanders; military-statistical descriptions of the regions, the Cossacks administration, and the Kuban region development. Of particular value are reviews compiled for Evdokimov on the basis of the 18th century records once stored in the now perished regional Geogrievsky Archive. Clerks’ copies of several known archival documents contain Evdokimov’s notes and comments, giving an opportunity to assess his attitude to the issues concerning the Caucasus policies raised by his contemporaries. The archive gives a clear insight on the nature of problems that worried the General, as well as intellectual military elite of the region, forming a “mental map” of the Caucasus, which was to determine the tone of regional studies for a long time.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"139 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"State Holidays in the Inorodtsy Administration of the 19th Century: Working Arrangements for Employees","authors":"Irina V. Lidzhieva","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-700-712","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-700-712","url":null,"abstract":"In the early 19th century, the Russian Empire maintained a multivariate management system, among other things, due to incompleteness of integrative processes towards the inorodtsy population. Since Imperial approval of the “Rules for the Administration of the Kalmyk People” (1825; hereinafter referred to as the \"Rules\") determining legal status of the Kalmyk steppe, a management structure was finally formed that directly regulated the life of the autochthonous population. In accordance with legal norms of the \"Rules\", a vertical of power was established, powers of officials were designated, and regime of the inorodtsy administration was determined. The article assesses working arrangements of the inorodtsy administration employees in a case-study the Council of the Astrakhan Kalmyk Administration in the period from 1836 to 1847. Despite rich historiographical base on the history of officialdom in Russia, some aspects of it remain outside researchers’ attention. Absence of special works on standing orders regulating service of the representatives of non-Orthodox confessions in the system of inorodtsy administration has determined the relevance of the study. Correspondence chain of comrade of the Chief Bailiff of the Kalmyk people—governor—Minister of Internal Affairs, found in the fond “Lamai Spiritual Administration” of the National Archive of the Republic of Kalmykia, permit to establish working hours of the Kalmyk employees, and also role of the Buddhist clergy (represented by the Lamai Spiritual Administration) in the process of integration of the Kalmyk steppe into the general imperial space. The initiated introduction of state holidays in the system of inorodtsy administration began in gubernias, but was approved by the Ministry of Internal Affairs. State holidays in the system of inorodtsy administration were coordinated with hierarchs of confessional structures, in this case, the Buddhist church. From second quarter of the 19th century, the list of state holidays was sent to the uluses in circular letters, and later printed and distributed across the steppe. The author comes to the conclusion that differences in the religious views of the employed Russian Empire subjects did not derogate their dignity; on the contrary, involvement of clergy, respect for traditions and customs of the inorodtsy population was a means of their integration into general imperial space.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207730","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Research Potential of the Epistolary Heritage of Professor B. S. Abalikhin: 1959–93","authors":"Svetlana V. Solovyova, Elena Yu. Bolotova","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-922-931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-922-931","url":null,"abstract":"The article reveals the importance of epistolary sources for cognition of the phenomenon of personality, study of the experience of individual people, peculiarities of the personal perception of certain historical processes. On the example of his considerable epistolary heritage, the authors reveal the research potential of the private correspondence of the Volgograd professor, \"Honored Scientist of the RSFSR\" B.S. Abalikhin. The documents have been introduced into scientific use for the first time. The authors were students of B.S. Abalikhin, having entered the Historical and Philological Faculty of the Volgograd State Pedagogical Institute in 1978. S.V. Solovyova moved from student research to a PhD thesis under his guidance. Personal fond no. R–2808 “Boris Sergeyevich Abalikhin—Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor” in the State Archive of the Volgograd Region (GAVO) consists of 192 storage units, including 937 documents dating from 1935 to 1995. The personal provenance fond is composed by six groups of documents. The first one includes scientific works and creative materials of the scientist, devoted mainly to the Patriotic War of 1812 and the Great Patriotic War of 1941–45. Many are preserved in handwritten form with autograph of the author. The second group contains documents of autobiographical nature, including characteristics-recommendations, autobiography; the third one is materials of scientific and organizational, pedagogical, social, and other activities (plans of scientific and methodological work, reviews, contracts with publishers, work reports, etc.); the fourth group is personal correspondence with various reporters; the fifth one consists of photos of B. S. Abalikhin with students, graduates, relatives, and colleagues; the sixth group contains materials of official activities (certificates, invitations to conferences, lists of scientific papers, notes from the newspaper “Teacher,” etc.). The letters permit to trace the evolution of the historian’s scientific interests, to characterize his ways of searching for historical information, to identify his main scientific associates and opponents, to assess difficulties on the thorny path of the researcher, to characterize B. S. Abalikhin as a person, teacher, husband, father. The authors make a conclusion about importance of private correspondence for presentation of scientific and historical biography of the scientist, for reconstruction of his research laboratory.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207734","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Omsk Historians and Archivists Have Published a Work on the 75th Stalin Volunteer Independent Rifle Brigade of Omsk Siberians","authors":"Ivan A. Anfertiev","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-945-952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-945-952","url":null,"abstract":"The reviewed collection of documents is timed to the 80th anniversary of the formation of the 75th Stalin Volunteer Independent Infantry Brigade of the Omsk Siberians. The authors-compilers have conducted painstaking research in order to identify documents in the archival fonds. The collection contains five sections related to the following main thematic areas: formation of the Omsk volunteers and their way to the field army; their participation in the hostilities at the Kalinin front and their reformation into a guards division; unity between front and home front; veterans’ memoirs; historical memory. Relevance of the reviewed documents collection is determined not only by the high interest of the contemporary Russian society in the events of the Great Patriotic War, but also by the conditions of the special military operation in Ukraine in 2022-23, by the fact that the Russian Federation is now partially mobilized and, as 80 years ago, the former territory of military camps “Cheremushki,” where the Omsk Institute of Armored Vehicle Engineering is now stationed, has once again became training ground for the armed forces of our state. The book is supplemented with a synoptical scientific article by the famous scholar, Doctor of Historical Sciences, Professor A. V. Sushko, a list of abbreviations, geographical and name indexes, which greatly facilitate the readers’ work. The uniqueness of the collection is due to engaging documents that provide a comprehensive picture of the insufficiently studied mass heroism of the Omsk Siberians in the Great Patriotic War of 1941-45. The structure of the book is logical, falling in line with this particular type of publication. The publication is preceded by a detailed introduction substantiating its scientific significance, describing the state of the scholarship on the brigade history, and providing a brief source studies description of the materials thus introduced into scientific use. The history of the 75th Stalin Volunteer Independent Infantry Brigade of the Omsk Siberians, as revealed by the team of authors-compilers, has many “white spots” and has been studied insufficiently. The reader, acquainted with the published materials, becomes aware of the lack of the brigade history written on modern theoretical and methodological level, using available archival documents. The reviewer notes disproportionately small (in relation to the total mass of published documents) amount of materials from the Central Archive of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation, where there is a significant collection of sources on the 75th Brigade’s participation in combat operations at the front. This observation applies to the second section of the collection, in which documents of the military counterintelligence bodies prevail. The publication would have benefited, if the authors had set apart the documents of the special services, forming a separate section, and prepared an additional section on combat operations of","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207921","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Peasant Pessimism in the Days of Collectivization (1920-1930s): Anti-Soviet Rhetoric of the “Revolutionary Turning Point” Generation","authors":"Aleksei Yu. Viazinkin, Kuzma A. Yakimov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-753-764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-753-764","url":null,"abstract":"The Soviet policy of collectivization, which sought to forcibly bring the regime of agriculture functioning in accordance with general political course on total control and authorities dictate, could not but cause discontent among the peasant population leaning to balanced autonomy. The article examines the phenomenon of peasant anti-Soviet pessimism, expressed in anti-collectivist rhetoric of the agrarian class representatives. A number of studies on the problems of public sentiments of peasants in the days of collectivization have analyzed various aspects of this problem, however, its rhetorical aspect remains poorly studied, although it significantly complements fragmented socio-psychological portrait of the Soviet village during the collectivization. The study is to eliminate this gap in scientific knowledge. It is built on the principles of historicism and objectivity, uses historical-comparative, deductive and retrospective methods. Its object is peasants of the “revolutionary turning point” generation, born in late 19th century, who took an active part in social and political life in the 1905-1930s (following Yu. A. Levada’s classification). The study is based on a wide array of both published and newly introduced archival materials from the State Archive of the Russian Federation (GARF), the Russian State Archive of Socio-Political History (RGASPI), the Russian State Archive of Economics (RGAE), and the State Archive of Socio-Political History of the Tambov Region (GASPITO). It focuses on the analysis of letters and complaints of peasants of the “revolutionary turning point” generation and on the study of reports of the Joint State Political Directorate (OGPU) on the sentiments of the Soviet village during collectivization. The authors underscore the need to create a classification of rhetoric by its content, reflecting passive dissatisfaction of the peasants with the collectivization policy. Primarily, there was nostalgic rhetoric associated with patriarchal roots of the Russian peasantry, in whose historical memory paternalistic autocracy looked better than foreign and alienating Soviet power. Secondly, there was comparative rhetoric drawing parallels between the policy of collectivization and “war communism,” based on point-blank rejection of the actions of Soviet government and their comparison with banditry. Thirdly, there was rhetoric of doom in absence of any satisfactory historical prospect for peasant life, meaning its socio-economic autonomy, as well as survival. Fourthly, there were elements of introspection explaining the behavior of peasants forced to make concessions to the Soviet government contrary to their own interests. Analysis of sources suggests that rhetorically peasants’ protest against the collectivization was reduced to passive forms of resistance. Nothing remained to the exsanguinated peasantry, but nostalgic complaints; rare bold statements about leaving kolkhozes were drowned in humility, traditional for the Ru","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Zionist Eliyahu Munchik and His Letter on Jewish Emigration to Palestine (1917)","authors":"M. Shapovalov","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-447-457","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-447-457","url":null,"abstract":"The article considers historical sources—a letter from Zionist E. Munchik addressed to P.N. Milyukov written on March 30, 1917 regarding emigration of Jews to Palestine and his memorandum on Russia's policy in the Middle East. The article provides a meaningful analysis of these documents. Documents are being introduced into scientific use for the first time. The article is to characterize and publish documentary sources found in the archival fond of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of Russia P.N. Milyukov (March-May 1917) in the State Archives of the Russian Federation, devoted to the issue of Jewish emigration to Palestine. The correctness of hypotheses about special role of microhistorical plots in objective assessment of key historical events has been verified using traditional methods of historical science: comparative-historical, chronological, problem-chronological, retrospective, and perspective. The biographical approach has helped to recreate the biography of the documents’ author and context of their creation, taking into account notions existing in Russian and foreign historiography. The letter and memorandum of Zionist E. Munchik have made it possible to clarify and correct the existing ideas on the role of Russia in solving the Jewish question and creating a Jewish home in Palestine in 1917. The document is of interest as it assesses all main directions of Russian policy in the Middle East through the prism of the Zionist movement interests: the question of the straits, the status of the Holy places of Jerusalem. A separate place in Munchik's memorandum is given to the Caspian project—creation of a water canal from the Caspian to the Red Sea. In his letter to Milyukov, Munchik argued supporting the Zionist movement drawing on stereotypes of Jewish capital and powerful trade influence that Russia could use, which were widespread among the population and elite. The article concludes that E. Munchik did not invite Russia to Palestine or offer the Provisional Government to use Zionists to strengthen its influence in the Holy Land. On the contrary, Munchik offered to trade Russian assistance in Jewish emigration to Palestine for support for any other project of Russian interest at an international conference. The published archival source will be of interest to both Russian and foreign scholars specializing in the history of Zionism and Jewish national movement. It represents another important element of the puzzle of the Russian view of Palestine in the system of international relations at the turn of the 20th century.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388511","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Church Diplomacy in the USSR of the 1960s in a Private Report of Bishop Pitirim (Nechaev) to Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov) on the Pilgrimage to the Holy Land","authors":"M. Kail","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-474-490","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-474-490","url":null,"abstract":"The article attempts to consider the nature and features of the Orthodox church diplomacy of the 1960s as an element of state-church relations and intra-church management practices. In the context of a documentary complex on the history of the Moscow Patriarchate and state-church relations of the 1960s and on the basis of a unique “private message” compiled by one of the active and prominent figures of church diplomacy, Bishop Pitirim (Nechaev, 1926–2003), addressed to the head of church diplomacy, Chairman of the Department of External Church Relations of the Moscow Patriarchate, Metropolitan Nikodim (Rotov, 1929–19), the practice of church diplomatic missions of the second half of the 1960s is reconstructed. The study is to reconstruct of one of the powerful vectors of public diplomacy of the Soviet Union in the mid-20th century, ecclesiastical diplomacy; drawing on a unique corporate source, its values and objectives are emphasized. The publication is based on the methods of modern archaeography, reconstructive method, and factor analysis of church diplomatic practice. Its relevance is due to acute shortage of research and publications devoted to the church diplomacy of the era. The study shows that bishop Nikodim began his church diplomatic career as head of the Russian Ecclesiastical Mission in Jerusalem (1957–59) and did not leave the Middle East agenda. The published document is unusual and informative; unlike known official reports deposited in separate copies in the fond of the Council for the Affairs of the Russian Orthodox Church under the Council of Ministers of the USSR (fond 6991 of the State Archive of the Russian Federation), mostly inaccessible, it contains personal and emotional characteristics, lifting the veil over informal communication of the church hierarchs when discussing issues of church diplomacy. Bishop Pitirim’s report is distinguished by psychologism and attention to detail and mood of correspondents and participants of interaction, as their assessment was an important part of diplomatic analytics of the era. Introduction of such unique sources into scientific use enriches our notion on church diplomacy of the second half of the 20th century, its personal dimension, means and practices.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69388576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Education through “Balance of Spirit and Body.” Physical Development of Children in Orenburg at the Turn of the 20th Century through the Prism of Regional Press","authors":"E. Burlutskaya","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-628-639","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-2-628-639","url":null,"abstract":"The article addresses notions of the provincial society of Orenburg at the turn of the 20th century on the need for physical development of children by studying publications in the regional press. Leading teachers and public figures of the era unanimously declared the need to improve children’s health through organization of outdoor games, walks, and excursions. Children's health itself was considered a key component in the formation of a person. The article is based on the ideas of A. I. Tarnavsky, who became the director of public schools in the Orenburg gubernia in the early 20th century. In Orenburg of the turn of the century, the key position in the improvement of children’s health through physical education belonged to the Society for the Promotion of the Physical Development of Children, which developed a system of “promotion of correct views on goals of physical education of younger generation and introduction of various methods of physical education and health promotion.” The society organized trips and festivities for children with outdoor games, built playgrounds, ice rinks. The organization of various events contributing to the strengthening of children’s physical health was perceived by publicists as a function not so much of parents as of educational and public institutes taking care of the younger generation. The goal of raising fully functional citizens, who were capable of successful work, patience in enduring life’s hardships, creating large families, and ensuring stable social development, was a priority of the post-reform transformation of society. However, Orenburg society at the turn of the century treated these initiatives without enthusiasm. Therefore, it was teachers and educators who became main initiators of physical education for children, as they were by virtue of their profession interested in strengthening of both the physical and moral health of their pupils. To this end, teachers arranged nature trips for students, organized excursions, noting beneficial effect of these events on health and mental abilities of children. The study is relevant due to increased attention to physical health of modern children and adolescents. Addressing this problem at regional level is a new research task, never before set in the regional scientific community. Obtained scientific results can become a basis for practical actions to improve children’s health through organization of recreational activities.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"69389019","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Who Was Patriarch Joasaphus (1634–40) in His Worldly Life?","authors":"Andrej S. Usachev","doi":"10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-651-662","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.28995/2073-0101-2023-3-651-662","url":null,"abstract":"The article is devoted to the patriarch Joasaphus I’s (1634–40) origin and status in worldly life. Earlier he was the abbot of the Pskov-Caves Monastery (1621–27) and the Pskov archbishop (1627–34). Joasaphus became the metropolitan after the death of Philaret (Romanov) (1619–33). The researchers noted that they had a close relationship. The only earlier known historical source informing of Joasaphus’s origin is the Chronograph of the Astrakhan archbishop Pachomius (mid-17th century). It reports that Joasaphus was a descendant of servitors of Boyar scions (deti boyarskie). His parents’ names in religion (Julia and Bogolep) are known to researchers from the Synodic of the Cornelius Komelski monastery. The author of the article has managed to find new data. Synodic of the Yaroslavl Transfiguration of the Savior Monastery notes Joasaphus’s secular name: Ivan Borisov, son of Tonky (the Thin). The author has also established that, prior to taking his monastic vows (1609), Ivan made a donation (a 16th century manuscript) to the Siya Monastery of St. Antonius to commemorate his parents. In 1601–05 Philaret lived in this monastery in exile. Ivan’s father, Boris (Bogolep), might have lived in this monastery with him. The record of donation mentions Ivan’s status: he was a Boyar scion of the Rostov metropolitan Philaret. Considering absence of the names of Ivan and his father in the list of servitors of the Rostov metropolitan’s house (1591/92), the author supposes that Ivan had been connected with Philaret before the latter became the Rostov metropolitan. Probably he was a servitor of the Romanovs (aristocrats like Fedor Nikitich Romanov had a lot of them). Ivan might have taken the monastic vows in the Solovetsky monastery (ca. 1611-12) after his overlord Philaret had been captured by the Poles. After his returning in Moscow thanks to his relationship with Philaret, Joasaphus made a successful church career. Ivan/Joasaphus’s interest in books might have been instrumental in this. His donation to the monastery was not typical for a representative of service class people. As a rule, they donated the Gospel, Psalter, Menaion to churches and monasteries. Ivan possibly inherited his interest in books from his father. The Gift book of the Siya Monastery of St. Antonius informs that monk Bogolep (probably, the father of the future patriarch) gave no less than 6 books to the monastery in late 16th century. The research is based on the colophons, Synodics, Commemoration books of the Russian monasteries.","PeriodicalId":41551,"journal":{"name":"Herald of an Archivist","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136207517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}