Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review最新文献

{"title":"The tax terminology of the Short collection of Khan’s jarlyks issued to Rus’ Metropolitans","authors":"Svetlana A. Maslova","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.636-651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.636-651","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: This study aims to determine the nature of payments made to the Golden Horde, as documented in the texts of the Short Collection of Khan’s jarlyks issued to Rus’ Metropolitans. Research materials: The research draws from various sources, including charters prepared by the orders of the Golden Horde and Yuan Empire rulers, charters of a spiritual and contractual nature from Rus’ princes, as well as Rus’ chronicles. Results and novelty of the research: This study proposes characteristics of the tax items found in Khan’s jarlyks and uncovers potential insertions within the label texts. It is demonstrated that the extensive list of duties present in the Khan’s charters was not originally a part of these documents. Many tax terms were intentionally added to the texts of the jarlyks during their translation into Russian. Some of these terms represented the Horde taxes that were actually collected from Russian lands, while others denoted payments recognized in Rus’, but not directed to the benefit of the Golden Horde. Furthermore, certain terms appear to be artificial tax designations.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"50 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Heritage of the Golden Horde Tatars: scientific events","authors":"Rozalina R. Giniyatullina","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.714-718","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.714-718","url":null,"abstract":"The Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences is a leading humanities research center in Tatarstan. It is one of the recognized and authoritative regional centers in Russia and an important link in international academic cooperation in the field of studying the history of the Tatars, Tatarstan, Eurasian history, and Turkic-Tatar civilization. Researchers from the Usmanov Center for Research on the Golden Horde and Tatar Khanates of the Marjani Institute of History of the Tatarstan Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with colleagues from other research centers in the Russian Federation and abroad, not only investigate the historical realities of the past, including the Golden Horde state and Tatar Khanates but also develop common approaches to its history, which is essential in modern conditions. As part of this work, roundtable discussions and presentations were organized in Bashkortostan and the Samara Region in May-June 2023. All of these scientific events provide a significant impetus for the study of the legacy of the Tatars of the Golden Horde at the regional and international levels. An important outcome is the establishment of cooperation between historians and local historians from the Volga and Ural regions. Joint discussions of scientific issues have allowed not only to outline the prospects for further research, but also to establish new productive traditions in the relationships between professionals and history enthusiasts.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193403","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The “necessary death” of the Grand Duke: on the question of the causes and circumstances of the death of Yaroslav Vsevolodovich in the autumn of 1246","authors":"Leonid V. Vorotyntsev, Teymur R. Galimov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.562-581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.562-581","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: The objective of this study is to determine the causes and circumstances surrounding the death of Grand Duke Yaroslav Vsevolodovich. His demise occurred during his presence at the headquarters of Turakina and in the presence of the Great Khan Guyuk. Research materials: The research draws from a complex of Russian chronicle sources, monuments of ”hagiographic” literature from Ancient Rus’, Plano Carpini’s “The History of the Mongols,” Rashid al-Din’s “The Collection of Chronicles,” Juvayni Ata-Malik’s “The History of the Conqueror of the World,” and acts of diplomatic correspondence. Results and novelty of the study: Through a critical and comparative analysis of written sources, examined in the context of the political landscape within the Mongolian Empire leading up to and during the Kurultai of 1246, the authors of this article conclude that Plano Carpini’s account of the poisoning of Russian Prince Yaroslav Vsevolodovich by Turakina khatun is unreliable. Utilizing a methodology akin to the natural sciences, the study ultimately attributes Yaroslav Vsevolodovich’s death to natural causes, specifically complications arising from an acute toxicoinfective disease. This conclusion is drawn considering the absence of qualified medical care, weakened immunity, and the advanced age of the ruler of Northeastern Russia.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135246767","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reflection of the Mongol imperial ideas in medieval Russian sources","authors":"Yuliy I. Drobyshev","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.532-550","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.532-550","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of the research: This research builds upon the author’s previous work focused on exploring the reflection of Mongolian imperial ideology in sources from various countries that were influenced to varying degrees by the Mongolian expansion during the 13th and 14th centuries. The objective is to search for and systematically categorize the manifestations of Mongol ”world-organizing” ideas within Russian sources. Research materials: The primary sources for this study were the oldest Russian chronicles, including the Laurentian, First Novgorod, and Hypatian chroniclew, along with several others. Valuable information was also extracted from collections of yarlyqs (edicts) from Mongol khans to Russian metropolitans, hagiographic literature, and religious records. Comparative materials from Eastern and European sources were utilized to elucidate the identified elements of Mongolian ideology. The works of both Russian and foreign historians, specializing in Russian and Mongolian history, were extensively referenced. The results of the research and scientific novelty: This research reaffirms conclusions made by other experts regarding the limited interest among Russian scribes in the material and spiritual culture of the Mongols. Ideological aspects of Mongolian power are scarcely documented in Russian sources, although in some instances, they can be reasonably reconstructed. The foundations of Mongolian ”universalism,” such as the concept of Eternal Heaven, the deification of Genghis Khan, and the Great Yasa attributed to him, have left traces in chronicles and other historical sources. Russian sources also provide supplementary information highlighting Mongolian “imperialism,” including the Mongol Empire’s system of titles, interactions between the Ulus of Jochi and Karakorum, and the steppe rituals that princes were compelled to perform within the Horde. Overall, Russian materials do not support the notion that the Mongols aimed to conquer ”the whole world.”","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the status of the Nogai Horde in the system of post-Horde states","authors":"A. Belyakov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.371-379","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.371-379","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: To establish the degree of equivalence for the status of the Nogai Horde in comparison with the Tatar khanates that arose after the collapse of the Golden Horde. Research materials: Russian-Nogai embassy books and documents about those living in Russia in the 16th–17th centuries, writings pertaining to noble people from the East. Results and scientific novelty of the study: The Nogai Horde, until the last third of the 16th century, retained the institution of nominal khans chosen from the numerous descen­dants of Chingis Khan. These latter figures were needed to proclaim the next biy as a beklerbek and issue a charter with a golden seal. That was the only way to legitimize power in the Horde in the eyes of the neighbors and, most crucially, the Nogai themselves. Thus, the Nogai Horde could not get rid of the idea of its subordinate position in relation to the states ruled by the Chingisids. However, from the middle of the 16th century. the traditional place of the Tatar tsars and princes begins to be occupied by the Russian tsar.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86525080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad Khan in the history of the Kazakh Khanate","authors":"N. Atygayev","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.443-452","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.443-452","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: To consider information from historical sources about the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad khan and elucidate of their role in the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. Research materials: The work “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek, medieval written historical sources, and historical research literature on the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. Results and scientific novelty: This paper presents information from historical sources about the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad Khan and shows the role of each of them in the history of the Kazakh Khanate of the 15th–16th centuries. The name of his great-great-grandfather, Zhanibek Khan, was associated with education itself in the middle of the 15th century national state, the Kazakh Khanate. The great-grandfather of Uraz-Muhammad khan Zhadik-khan died in the struggle for the unification of the lands of the Kazakhs. His grandfather Shigai Khan, for a short time in the early 1580s, was the supreme ruler of the Kazakh Khanate. It is very important to note that Shigai Khan laid the foundation of the dynasty that ruled the Kazakhs for more than 200 years until the abolition of the khan’s power by the Russian Empire in the 19th century. The father of Uraz-Muhammad Khan Ondan-Sultan died defending the lands of the Kazakhs from the Kalmaks and had the honor of being buried in the Muslim shrine of the nomadic Turks –the mausoleum of Khoja Ahmed Yasawi. In conclusion, it is clear that the ancestors of Uraz-Muhammad played an important role in the history of the Kazakh Khanate.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"361 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74915356","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Was Hadji Giray the Khan of Kazan? Attempts to explain the “Dastan about Hadji Giray” in the “Compendium of Chronicles” by Kadyr Ali-bek","authors":"I. Zaytsev","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.335-348","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.335-348","url":null,"abstract":"The article’s author reaches the conclusion that Hadji Giray was strongly connected with the Kazan «yurt» by family ties. His father, Giyas ad-Din, ruled the Volga’s left bank for some time, and his uncle may have been the same Kazan “Libey” whose murder served as the starting point for the emergence of an independent Kazan (after 1445). The dastan about Hadji Giray in the “Compendium of Chronicles” is a monument that reflects the desire of representatives of the Volga’s left-bank lands to invite not just a Chingisid to the Kazan throne, but one of his lawful rightholders. This enthronement, most likely, did not take place, and Hadji Giray went down in history as the founder of the independent Crimean Khanate and the new Giray dynasty. However, for a long time afterwards, Kazan and its neighboring yurts remembered Girays’ rights to the Kazan throne. Research objectives: This article is an endeavor to analyze the text of the “Dastan about Hadji Giray” in the “Compendium of Chronicles” by Kadyr Ali-bek from the point of view of the plausibility of its historical information about the reign of Khan Hadji Giray in Kazan. Research materials: Published texts and manuscripts of the “Compendium of Chronicles” by Kadyr Ali-bek, “Seven Planets” by Muhammad Riza, and “A Brief History” of Crimea.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"8 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83834838","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Kasimov author Kadyr Ali-bek’s information about the Golden Horde","authors":"I. Mirgaleev","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.303-316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.303-316","url":null,"abstract":"The research objective is to analyze the information in the “Collection of Chronicles” of the Kasimov author Kadyr Ali-bek about the Golden Horde. Research materials: The historical work “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek, written by his own hand in 1602 at the capital of the Kasimov Khanate in Kerman (the modern city of Kasimov). Results and scientific novelty: The article is devoted to analyzing information from the dastans of “Jami al-tawarikh” by Kadyr Ali-bek. It dwells on the history of the source’s introduction into scientific circulation and considers controversial issues behind the creation of such a historical work, expressing an opinion on many controversial points in regard to this source. The information from the dastans related to the history of the Golden Horde is analyzed along with the originality of the information they report, their source, how legendary they are in sources, and what analogies they have in written sources, legends, and oral historiology. The areas where the possible dissemination of this information took place are suggested. The article’s author draws attention to the purposeful selection and selectivity of Kadyr Ali-bek when writing dastans, seeing the reason for their creation in the political conjuncture present in Russia at the very beginning of the 17th century and with the personality of the author of the work.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"39 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74614125","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The history of the khan’s capital of Kasimov before the seventeenth century (based on materials from archaeological research)","authors":"Farid A. Akhmetgalin","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.429-442","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.429-442","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: The aim of the study is to analyze the history of the city of Kasimov, show its development, and explore the issues of chronology and localization of individual urban areas. Research materials: Archaeological research data, written and cartographic sources, previously published works on this issue. Results and scientific novelty: This article deals with the history of the medieval city of Kasimov. This was the capital of the Kasimov Khanate from the middle of the 15th to the end of the 17th centuries. The study is based on the results of archaeological excavations and extensive historical data. It provides a detailed analysis of the development of a medieval city from the pre-Mongolian center on the Volga-Oka trade route to the capital of the Kasimov Khanate. The author highlighted the areas that arose at different times. The Kasimov archaeological complex is historically associated with the pre-Mongol period in the city’s history. At the end of the 13th century, the city was moved to the area of the Old Posad. In historical sources, it was called Gorodets Meshchersky (13th – the first half of the 16th centuries). Kasimov of the Khan’s time (middle of the 15th – middle of the 16th century) was located in the same place. In historical sources, it was known as Tsarevichev Gorodok. Settlement in the area of Tatarskaya Gora and Tatarskaya Sloboda began later than the middle of the 16th century. The Khan’s mosque bilding was also built at the same time. The territory of the modern city center with the Kasimov Kremlin was being developed at the end of the 16th – beginning of the 17th century. The author has traced the continuity of the development of medieval settlements from the Kasimov archaeological complex (the ancient settlement of Zemlyanoy Strug, the settlement of Dorofeevo Pole of the 9th – 13th centuries) to the Gorodets Meshchersky (13th – the first half of the 15th century) and to the capital of the Kasimov Khanate and the modern city. The article establishes the time of formation of the historical core of the medieval city and the stages of development of territories on the basis of archaeological research.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78512821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On Kadyr Ali-bek’s narrative of Oghuz khan","authors":"A. Dincer","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.274-284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-2.274-284","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: The purpose of this study is to analyze the story of Oghuz Khan, situated at the beginning of Kadyr Ali-bek’s Chinggisnāma; to compare this narrative with Reşidüddin’s Oghuznāma, which is the main source of the work, and other variants of the Oghuznāma in order to reveal similarities and original features. Research materials: The sources used in this study mainly consist of Kadyr Ali-bek’s work based on the Kazan manuscript and various Oghuznama variants carrying Islamic motifs. The main sources include the translation of Reşidüddin Fazlullah’s Oghuzname into Turkish by Zeki Velidi Togan, Yazıcızāde Āli’s Tevārīh-i Āl-i Selçuk, Hasan bin Mahmud al-Bayati’s Cām-ı Cem-āyīn, Ebülgazi Bahadır Han’s Şecere-i Terâkime and Şecere-i Türk, as well as Neşrī’s short Oghuznama located at the beginning of his work, Cihānnümā. The poetic Oghuznames were not pertinent in the comparative study made here. Results and novelty of the research: Kadyr Ali-bek’s work is known as Cāmiü’t-Tevārīh in the academic sphere as it is considered a translation of Reşidüddin’s work. However, when it comes to the Oghuz narrative, it can be seen that the author actually used other sources even though he avoided naming them. Comparison with other Oghuznāma variants shows that Kadyr Ali-bek either used the same source as Yazıcızāde Āli, a 15th-century Ottoman historian who wrote Tevārīh-i Āl-i Selçuk, or directly adapted his work. This is evident because the composition of the two texts is almost identical when the omitted or removed parts from the text are set aside.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"42 7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-06-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77486190","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}