Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review最新文献

{"title":"Tamerlane’s letter to the mamluk sultan Barkuk and Barkuk’s response letter to Tamerlane Dated AH 795 / AD 1393","authors":"Elmira G. Sayfetdinova","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.652-661","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.652-661","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The purpose of this study is to introduce the Russian translation of Emir Timur’s letter to the Mamluk Sultan Barquq and Barquq’s response letter to Tamerlane, both written in 795 AH / 1393, into scientific circulation. Research materials: The texts of these letters were discovered within the pages of al-Makrizi’s work “Kitab al-Suluk li Ma’rifat Duwal al-Muluk” (“The Book of Ways to Knowledge of the Ruling Dynasties”) Later, these texts were transcribed by Ibn Taghriberdi and Ibn Sirafi. Results and scientific novelty: This article examines the Arabic text of the letters and provides a translation into Russian of Emir Timur’s message to Mamluk Sultan Barquq and Barquq’s response letter from 1393. Emir Timur’s letter, in particular, demanded humility and submission from the Mamluk Sultanate. It’s worth noting that V.G. Tizenhausen, despite using “As-Suluk” by al-Makrizi, did not include the texts of these letters, suggesting they were unrelated to the history of the Golden Horde. However, considering that diplomatic relations were maintained during this period between the Golden Horde and Mamluk Egypt, and that Mamluk Sultan Barquq supported the Golden Horde’s Khan Toktamysh, these letters could provide valuable information about the relationship between these two states. This study marks the first Russian translation of both texts. While Emir Timur’s message may not contain sensational revelations, it does clarify essential details about the late 14th-century situation and contributes to a better understanding of the historical ties between the Horde and the Mamluk Sultanate.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A new theory of medieval Rus’ terminology for Muslim Tatars: Batunskii’s Russia and Islam","authors":"Charles J. Halperin","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.504-520","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.504-520","url":null,"abstract":"Research Objectives: To examine Mark Batunskii’s theory, articulated in Volume 1 of his history of Russia and Islam, that by calling the Tatars “Pechenegs” and “Polovtsy” the Rus’/Russian sources “Islamized” both the Tatars and their Kyivan predecessors. Research Materials: This article is based upon narrative sources, including chronicles, tales, epics, and saints’ lives, which refer to the Tatars from the thirteenth to the sixteenth centuries. Novelty of the Research: No specialists have engaged Batunskii’s theory by analyzing the terminology applied to the Tatars, either Muslim or not, in the medieval sources. Nor has anyone compared the Rus’ application of other terms also applied to Muslims such as “pagan,” “Ishmaelite,” “Hagarene” and “Saracen” to their appearance in Western European sources. Results: Extensive examination of the sources reveals that Rus’/Russian sources carefully identified who was a Muslim (besermen) and who was not. The Pechenegs, Polovtsy and Tatars who invaded Rus’ in the thirteenth century were not. Only sources from the late fourteenth century and later associated Tatars, now Muslims, with Pechenegs and Polovtsy not as adherents of Islam but as nomads who were not Orthodox Christians. This historicist identification had the effect of minimizing Tatar adherence to Islam. Fifteenth and sixteenth-century sources do put more emphasis on the Islamic identity of the Tatars, probably because of the increasing weight placed upon Russian Orthodox Christianity as the hallmark of Muscovy.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On the organization of the diplomatic service in the post-Horde Chingisid states in the 16th century (Crimean and Kazan khanates): “tets” and “bakshis”","authors":"Maksim V. Moiseev","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.681-692","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.681-692","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: This study investigates the development of the embassy service in the post-Horde states, with a specific focus on identifying its structure and analyzing its personnel composition. Research materials: The research primarily relies on the analysis of Russian embassy books and chronicles. Results and novelty of the research: The examination of Russian documents reveals that Khan’s embassies followed a three-part structure: Ambassador (elchi)-deputy (tet)-secretary (bakshi). The Russian chancellery was notably reluctant to use the term “tet,” likely because individuals with this title were responsible for collecting specific duties from Russian lands in favor of the Khan. It is possible that the Russian documents referred to the “tet” as a toll collector; in any case, we know that ambassadors could be accompanied by “toll collectors.” After 1475, these duties were abolished. In total, 7 mentions of Crimean tets and 6 Kazan tets were identified. References to baksheys in embassies are better preserved, with a total of 18 Crimean, 8 Kazan, 2 Nogai, and 1 Siberian bakshi identified. One of the primary responsibilities of baksheys was to compile a certificate. Thus, the observation of the embassy mission’s composition relies on source-based evidence. Even when there is no specific information about shoring, the mere presence of a bakshey serves as a reliable indicator that the outcome of the negotiations was expected to involve shoring. The study reveals that we can discuss the process of forming the diplomatic service in the post-Horde Chingisid states.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194102","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"On some inaccuracies in translation of “The Secret History of the Mongols” by A.S. Kozin","authors":"Rustem F. Fidarov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.521-531","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.521-531","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: This paper aims to identify inaccuracies in the Russian translation by A.S. Kozin of paragraphs 270 and 275 of the Mongolian 13th-century historical text “The Secret History of the Mongols.” These inaccuracies hinder a proper understanding of the information presented. The paragraphs in the source text narrate events related to the organization and course of the Great Western campaign of the Mongols (1236–1242). The translations sometimes present information that contradicts other sources and, consequently, modern interpretations of the history of the 1236–1242 Campaign. Furthermore, the points noted are occasionally refuted by other information within the same source. The analysis of these excerpts, which are ambiguous in meaning, leads to the conclusion that mistakes were made in their Russian translation. Notably, the inaccuracies identified in A.S. Kozin’s translation have not been previously addressed by researchers. Errors in the translation of the source material hinder the accurate comprehension and interpretation of its content by Russian-speaking researchers, occasionally leading modern authors astray and potentially resulting in incorrect conclusions. Research materials: This study focuses on specific information in the Russian translation by A.S. Kozin of paragraphs 270 and 275 of the Mongolian historical text “The Secret History of the Mongols.” The investigation was conducted by comparing questionable segments with translations of the source text in other European languages, as well as with re-transcriptions of the text into Mongolian carried out by specialists. Results and novelty of the research: This paper exposes inaccuracies in A.S. Kozin’s Russian translation of “The Secret History of the Mongols” and proposes their correction. A thorough understanding of the source material is crucial for its accurate interpretation and drawing of correct conclusions. This study may be of particular interest to Russian-speaking researchers.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Black Sea ports of the Golden Horde according to Casti­lian “Libro del conosçimiento de todos los reynos” of the 14th century","authors":"Alexander G. Emanov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.611-635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.611-635","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: This study aims to investigate the localization and reconstruct the potestary symbols of Black Sea ports that were subject to the sovereign authority of the Golden Horde in the 14th century. Based on this analysis, the research assesses the potential for the formation of the Golden Horde’s thalassocracy. Research materials: The research draws from various sources, including the Castilian “Libro del conosçimiento de todos los reynos” from the 14th century, preserved in four copies Z, N, S, and R. Additionally, it utilizes compass maps of the Black Sea created by Venetian masters Petrus Vesconte (1313), Perrino Vesconte (1321), and Mallorca’s cartographer Angelino Dulcert (1330, 1339). Byzantine periplus records of the Black Sea from the 14th to 15th centuries, Claudius Ptolemy’s “Cosmography” in a revision by Byzantine monk Maximus Planudes around 1300 AD, as well as EDB and GIS data from Tabula imperii Bizantini are also incorporated. Results and novelty of the research: The analysis of the Castilian ”Libro del conosçimiento de todos los reynos” has unveiled a previously unrecognized structure: the “Black Sea’s vexillographic portolan chart.” This portolan chart provides comprehensive descriptions of the locations of ports along the Black Sea coast, indicating the sovereign’s standards of the rulers of these port cities. In the majority of cases, the sovereign mentioned is Uzbek khan (1313–1341), under whose rule the original and now lost holotype of this remarkable portolan was compiled. Both the port names and the depictions of standards in this portolan reflect geographical and vexillographical inaccuracies of the time, as acknowledged by the Castilian compilers of the four preserved copies. By identifying the topoi and standards described in the “Black Sea’s vexillographic portolan,” a reconstruction of the Black Sea’s map, which includes all ports, shipping routes, and symbols of power related to the Golden Horde sovereign’s authority, was achieved. The final observations indicate that over 80% of the Black Sea waters were under the control of the Golden Horde, even during the reign of Uzbek khan, offering a unique opportunity for the emergence of a new thalassocracy.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193968","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Redactions and dates of the compilation of the Čingiz-nāmä of Ötämiš Ḥāǰǰī","authors":"Csaba Göncöl","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.582-591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.582-591","url":null,"abstract":"This article aims to scrutinise the relationship between the texts of the 16-th century chronicle, the so called Čingiz-nāmä of Ötämiš Ḥāǰǰī, preserved in two manuscripts, as well as to determine the date(s) of the compilation of the work. Materials: The Tashkent and Istanbul manuscripts of the Čingiz-nāmä of Ötämiš Ḥāǰǰī, Central Asian chronicles in Turkic and Persian, relevant scholarly literature. Results and novelty of the research: Analysing the relationship of the two texts, the author has come to the conclusion that the Tashkent and Istanbul manuscripts of the above-mentioned chronicle contain different redactions of the Čingiz-nāmä written by the same chronicler. Furthermore, the author argues that the text preserved in the Tashkent manuscript is the initial redaction compiled before the year 1539, while the text of the Istanbul manuscript contains the second redaction – an extended one – written around middle of the 1540s.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193122","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"New Horizons of the Medieval Black Sea Region. Book Review: Emanov A.G. Between the Polar Star and the Midday Sun: Caffa in World Trade in the 13th–15th Centuries","authors":"Vladislav A. Evstiunin","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.662-680","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.662-680","url":null,"abstract":"This article delves into the monographic study by Professor A.G. Emanov of the University of Tyumen. It represents an attempt to culturally and anthropologically explore the sphere of economic relations in the Old World during the 13th–15th centuries, centered around an in-depth examination of the history of one of the largest trade and craft hubs of that era – the Crimean city of Caffa (modern-day Feodosia). The study draws upon a broad spectrum of written and material sources. The author meticulously analyzed private legal documents, both public and private records in various languages such as Latin, Middle Greek, folk Romance, Germanic, Slavic, as well as other European and Oriental languages, along with collections of numismatic artifacts. The author also compiled a topography detailing the distribution of treasures and individual finds of Caffa’s coins in Eastern Europe.The primary research hypothesis is a departure from the conventional West-East dichotomy, proposing instead the coexistence of the North and the South as central to historical processes. The author’s distinctive style is marked by a penchant for metaphors and etymological exercises. He symbolizes the North as the North Star and the South as the Midday Sun, aligning with how medieval people, especially merchants and sailors, referred to them. To characterize trade and cultural exchange between the North and the South, the author employs the unique term “meridional communication.” The book’s most distingui­shing feature lies in the author’s reconstruction of how medieval Europeans perceived goods exported from Caffa. This perception is explored in the context of urban culture, including the representation of Siberian furs in European heraldry. Additionally, the author reconstructs the mindset of businesspeople from that era. His conclusions suggest that their motives were not purely driven by greed but rather guided by ethos – a behavioral model characterized by a set of value orientations and virtues, encompassing elements such as charity and compassion for the less fortunate and vulnerable.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Tamgha of “Guyuk” and the Jochids of the House of Orduids (the story of one mistake)","authors":"Pavel N. Petrov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.551-561","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.551-561","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: The purpose of this study is to attribute unusual tamghas found on silver dirhams to the representatives of the House of Chingizids and establish their chronological attribution. Research materials: We have examined silver coins with unusual tamghas discovered in Kazakhstan. One tamgha is depicted as two circles connected by a line. Our focus is on a type of dirhams that has been known since the early 20th century. These dirhams lacked attribution but were published by N.P. Likhachev due to the presence of an unusual tamgha. The weight of these coins is approximately 1 gram, and the coin legends do not provide conclusive information for dating. We have identified three types of dirhams. One type of dirhams can be dated to 685 AH/1286 CE. It bears an inscription, yet there are challenges in interpreting these legends, including reading the name of the mint. The tamga was previously attributed as the property mark of Ogedei Khan. Two types of coins remain anonymous. We have identified three types of tamghas on these coins. Results and novelty of the research: We have identified a region with a significant number of discovered coins, primarily located in the vicinity of the medieval towns of Barchanlig-Ashnas-Jend in the Aral Sea region. It has been determined that some coins were minted on silver dirhams of Khwarazm during 681–690 AH. One dirham retains the original year of issue, 688 AH/1289 CE. These coins are not associated with the minting of Ogedei, and the tamgha on them does not match either. These dirhams were minted under the authority of Konichi, the ruler of the Ordu ulus. This research has opened up a new avenue in the field of Juchid numismatics. The exploration in this direction holds promise for shaping new insights into specific historical events within the Orduid’s ulus.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135193128","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About Takhcheia in the letter of commendation to Yakov and Grigory Stroganov dated may 30, 1574","authors":"Pavel A. Korchagin, Gayaz Kh. Samigulov","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.693-713","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.693-713","url":null,"abstract":"References to the Takhcheya region can be found in numerous sources dated the late 16th – early 17th centuries. This toponym aroused great interest among historians, but all attempts to localize this land had a very relative success until recently. Sometimes, even within the framework of one publication, two opposing opinions were expressed about which territories this notation was used at the end of the 16th century. In a recent article, one of the authors of this investigation made an attempt to analyze the information contained in the main source – a charter on lands given by Ivan IV to Yakov and Grigory Stroganov in 1574. This publication provides a more extensive historiographical review of the topic and analyzes the toponymy of the regions, adjoining from the south to the Chusovaya possessions of salt producers. As a result, the authors came to the conclusion that the name Takhcheya meant an ancient transport corridor connecting the Cis-Urals and Trans-Urals, in a broader sense, the European and Asian parts of the mainland, which went to the Southern Trans-Urals along the Chusovaya, Sylva and Ufa rivers in its upper reaches and went to north of the modern Chelyabinsk region. This is the most convenient place for crossing the Ural Range, in its lowest part, where the routes of historical roads passed, which in the Russian tradition were called the Kazan road. Several hydronyms and toponyms with the same root “takht/takhch” as in the name of Takhcheya, meaning “stop, parking place” have been identified here: the preserved names of places of traditional parking on trade routes. Thus, the assumption about the formation of the name in connection with the nature of the area, as a communication corridor and about the spread of the Takhcheya region in the South Trans-Urals, is confirmed. The Stroganovs were interested in joining the Takhcheya region to their possessions, since trade routes, that passed here, connected the Urals with Central Asia, in particular, Bukhara and Samarkand. It was quite tempting to take control of these roads, but to implement the letter of commendation granted in 1574 seemed not possible.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"69 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The jarlyk on appointment of amir-e tuman from the “Dastur al-katib” and status of temnik in the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi and Chagatay","authors":"Lenar F. Abzalov, Marat S. Gatin, Ilias A. Mustakimov, Roman Yu. Pochekaev","doi":"10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.592-610","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22378/2313-6197.2023-11-3.592-610","url":null,"abstract":"Research objectives: This study aims to characterize the legal status of the emir of the tumen (i.e., miriarch) in the Chinggisid states, including the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi, Chagatay, and the Timurid State. The focus is on their roles as military commanders and administrative officers, drawing from medieval legal documents, narrative sources, and prior research findings. Materials and methods of research: The primary materials under examination are the jarlyks contained within Muhammad b. Hindushah Nakhchivani’s “Dastur al-katib fi ta‘yin al-maratib,” in its original Persian form and in the German translation by J. von Hammer-Purgstall. Additionally, various medieval sources detailing the history of the Chinggisid states of the 13th–14th centuries, both of Oriental and Russian origin, are considered. The research methods employed encompass historical-legal, diplomatic, and comparative historical analyses, forming an interdisciplinary approach that enables the comparison of diverse sources in the pursuit of authentic information. Scientific novelty: This work represents the inaugural Russian translation of the first jarlyk regarding the appointment of the emir of the tumen sourced from the ”Dastur al-katib.” It distinguishes itself by employing an interdisciplinary approach and cross-referencing with other source types. Results of the research: The analysis of the document facilitates the reconstruction of the legal status of the temnik, shedding light on their role as a military commander and high-ranking official within the uluses of Hulagu, Jochi, Chagatay (including the Timurid State). This includes an exploration of the qualifications expected of candidates for this position, as well as their associated rights and responsibilities. The diplomatic analysis contributes to a clearer understanding of the emir of the tumen’s position within the state hierarchy and underscores the significance attributed to candidates for this role by Chinggisid rulers.","PeriodicalId":41481,"journal":{"name":"Zolotoordynskoe Obozrenie-Golden Horde Review","volume":"45 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135194135","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}