Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research最新文献

{"title":"PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF BOVINE BRUCELLOSIS IN SMALLHOLDER DAIRY COWS OF MYMENSINGH DISTRICT IN BANGLADESH","authors":"N. S. Tithy, S. S. Islam, S. Hussaini, S. T. Sharmy, A. Maruf, F. Yeasmin, A. Das, M. M. Rahman, M. M. Hasan, A. Chakrabartty, Alfi Rahman, M. Mokbul, M. Rahman","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2022.4(2).0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2022.4(2).0034","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Most of the smallholder animal farmers in rural Bangladesh depend on livestock for their livelihoods but significant percentage of these animals do not achieve their potential mainly due to inadequate nutrition and disease and occasionally transmit zoonotic disease like brucellosis. Brucellosis has been recognized as a neglected zoonotic disease in the low-income countries that produce few or no clinical signs in the affected animals making it more difficult for the dairy farmers to use preventive measures. However, sero-monitoring could help to detect the occurrence of Brucella infection in smallholder dairy farm management system. \u0000Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors for positivity of bovine brucellosis by using sero-screening and milk ring test supported with questionnaire\u0000Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study on bovine brucellosis was conducted in smallholder dairy cows in the district of Mymensingh during the period from August to December 2019. Serum samples of 460 lactating cows along with their milk samples were collected randomly. Serum samples were screened for brucellosis with Rapid Antigen Kit Test and Rose Bengal Test (RBT), whereas milk samples were tested with Milk Ring Test (MRT). Farm and animal level demographic and risk factor data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed using univariable and multivariable logistic regression. \u0000Results: The overall sero-prevalence was found to be 3.9% (95% CI 2.4-6.2) using RBT and Rapid Antigen Kit Test and 2.8% (CI 1.5-4.9) using Milk Ring Test, respectively. The odds of brucellosis was 7.4 times (95% CI: 2.5-21.5) higher in cows with repeat breeding that without repeat breeding. Moreover, the sero-prevalence of brucellosis was significantly higher (Odds ratio: 15.7; 95% CI: 5.2-47.4) in cows with retention of fetal membranes than without retention of fetal membranes.\u0000 Conclusions: The prevalence of Brucella infection in smallholder dairy farms with no adaptation of any preventive measures against this disease in Bangladesh. The sero-prevalence of brucellosis recorded in this study should be interpreted with caution and confirmatory diagnosis is needed to know the accurate status of brucellosis in smallholder dairy farms. The prevalence of Brucella infection in smallholder farms by using sero-test and milk ring test warrants further molecular test prior to embarking on a control program.","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134234150","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW ON MASTITIS IN DAIRY LACTATING ANIMALS AND THEIR PUBLIC HEALTH IMPORTANCE: THE 56 YEARS BANGLADESH PERSPECTIVE","authors":"M. Samad","doi":"10.36111//jvmohr.2022.4(2).0033","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111//jvmohr.2022.4(2).0033","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital malformations are structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or sometimes only later during life. These congenital defects can evolve from abnormal genetic or environmental factors or a combination of both but the causes of many cases are unknown. The risk factors are associated with congenital defects varies depending on species, breed, body system, geographical location and season. Some congenital malformations can cause death of newborn, while others can only create a structural defect without affecting vital functions and responsible for slowing down of genetic progress and economic loss for the breeders. Congenital defects constitute the at least fifth largest cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality but national estimate of the prevalence of these anomalies are lacking in inland literature. Thus, it is important to estimate the prevalence with identify the causes and risk factors of congenital defects for their possible prevention to minimize the economic losses in animal industry.\u0000Objective: The objective of the review was to derive an estimate of the birth prevalence and associated host risk factors of congenital anomalies reported in calves and kids in Bangladesh. \u0000Materials and Methods: The occurrence of congenital anomalies in new born farm animals has been reviewed from the first report published in 1975 up to 2021 in Bangladesh. The search was carried out in Google, PubMed, Banglajol and also the original inland journals. \u0000Results: All types of search identified 33 inland articles and 35 articles published from foreign nations. Of the 33 available inland articles of which most of the articles based on either single clinical report or data abstracted from veterinary hospital records. Approximately 36 types of congenital malformations were recorded, of which 31 types in cow calves and only five types in kids. Higher occurrence of congenital defects reported in calves (96.95%; n = 1746 cases) than kids (3.05%; 55 cases), but both the calves (56.25%; n = 923) and kids (67.27%; n = 37 cases) affected with atresia ani comparatively higher than other reported congenital malformations. System-wise analysis on prevalence of congenital anomalies found highest prevalence in digestive system (67.18%), followed by ocular system (17.07%), musculoskeletal system (8.42%), urogenital system (2.58%), integument system (2.52%) and others. Comparatively higher prevalence of congenital defects reported in male (65.57%) than female (34.43%) and crossbred (67.03%) than indigenous (32.97%) calves in Bangladesh. \u0000Conclusion: Calves and kids born with various congenital defects in their different body systems with highest occurrence of atresia ani in both calves and kids have been recorded. Calves have a great variety of defects than kids probably due to genetic causes. Atresia ani and ocular dermoids are the most frequent occurrence but several cases are still not ","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133530722","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"BRUCELLOSIS KNOWLEDGE, AWARENESS AND PRACTICES AMONG MILITARY DAIRY FARM WORKERS IN BANGLADESH","authors":"M. M. Rahman, S. Islam, M. Rahman, Alfi Rahman, M. A. Islam, R. Sarker, S. M. S. Afrinn, H. Neubauer, T. Jamil","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2022.4(1).0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2022.4(1).0032","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brucellosis is an ancient re-emerging bacterial zoonotic disease caused by species of the Brucella genus, affects a wide range of domesticated and adult wildlife, and plays a significant economic impact on the public health and the livestock sector. Improvement of knowledge, attitudes and practices among dairy farm workers could have a significant impact on reduction of zoonotic brucellosis in daily farming.\u0000Objectives: This study aimed at assessing workers’ knowledge about brucellosis and practices relevant to its transmission on military dairy farms in Bangladesh. \u0000Materials and Methods: From March to August 2020 a cross-sectional study was conducted among the dairy workers (n = 715) in eight military dairy farms from different regions in Bangladesh. A standardized questionnaire was used to collect information of participants’ knowledge, awareness and practices on brucellosis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to identify factors associated with knowledge, awareness and practices. \u0000Results: All participants were male and 33.4% of them were in the age group 25 to 34 years. Only 0.3% of the participants knew that brucellosis is a zoonosis and was familiar with its symptoms. Among them, 61% of the participants stated that fever is the most noticeable clinical sign of brucellosis. None of the workers and their families consumed raw milk and products there. While handling fetal membranes and dead fetuses 74.8% of the workers used hand gloves, 94% of participants washed hands after contact with animals and 95.5% also washed hands before and after milking. Dairy farm workers aged between 18 to 24 years and > 44 years were 9.9% (95% CI: 2.9; 33.6) and 5.8 times (95% CI: 1.6; 20.5) more likely to have adequate knowledge of brucellosis than 25 and 44 years old. The odds awareness were 1.8 times (95% CI: 1.1; 2.8) higher among dairy farm workers aged between 18 to 24 years than those aged between 25 to 34 years. Dairy farm workers aged between 18 to 24 years and > 44 years were 2.1 (95% CI: 1.3; 3.4) and 2.9 times (95% CI: 1.8; 4.9) more likely to perform appropriate practice than those aged between 25 to 34 years. In addition, animal attendant performed 8.9 times (95% CI: 2.2; 36.1) more appropriate practices than milkmen. \u0000Conclusions: The knowledge of the workers about brucellosis in these eight military dairy farms was considered moderate. Awareness programs are necessary to improve and foster preventive practices.","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129249099","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"REVIEW ON THE IMPACT AND CONSEQUENCES OF THE OCCURRENCE OF MULTIPLE BIRTHS IN CATTLE AND GOATS","authors":"M. Samad","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2022.4(1).0031","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2022.4(1).0031","url":null,"abstract":"Background: The large animal species such as cattle, buffaloes and horses are monotocous with one or sometimes two newborns per birth whereas small farm animal species such as sheep, goats and pigs are usually polytocous animals are highly prolific and especially pigs often produce a dozen newborns at each farrowing. Cattle usually produce only one calf per gestation resulting from ovulation of a single follicle. The most common form of twinning in cattle occurs due to multiple ovulations which may produce dizygotic twins. The twin births in dairy cattle often negatively impacts the reproduction, production, health and reduces the productive lifespan of cows. Therefore, there is a great interest to know the multiple ovulations and multiple births to reduce the twinning rate in dairy cattle herds. \u0000Objective: This review updates the status of multiple births and its impact and consequences on production of dairy cattle and goats.\u0000Materials and Methods: The related literatures on the multiple births in cattle and goats have been reviewed for which the search was carried out in Google Scholar, PubMed, CrossRef, Banglajol and also the online daily newspapers. \u0000Results: Although multiple births with up to quadruplets have been reported from different countries, the prevalence of twin births are commonly reported in dairy cattle. The prevalence of twinning rates are varied widely in different breeds like twin calving in Holstein Friesian cattle is 3 to 5%, 5.6% Spanish dairy herd and 3.9% in Iranian Holsteins, whereas triplet and quadruplet births represent 0.015% and 0.004% of the total births, respectively. Twin calving shorten gestation length, increased dystocia, stillbirths, decrease birth weight, perinatal calf mortality, retained placenta, decrease milk production, increases the occurrence of metabolic diseases, reduced conception rate, increased calving interval, shorten the productive lifespan of the dam and increases overall culling rate. Two strategies- the transfer of a single embryo produced in vitro and follicular drainage of co-dominant follicles at AI have been suggested to prevent twin pregnancies.\u0000Conclusion: Multiple births in dairy cattle is not desirable due to negative effects on both cows that calve twins and calves born as twins that result in economic losses in dairy herds. Regardless of the direct effect of multiple births on health and fertility, reducing the occurrence of multiple ovulations to decrease the risk of twin births is desirable to mitigate the negative consequences of twinning in dairy cattle. The estimated losses due to twinning range between US$ 59 to 161 per twin pregnancy and attempting manual embryo reduction decreased the economic losses of a twin pregnancy by US $ 23 to 45. Bangladesh scientists discovered a new technique to produce twin calves but the future research on this aspect need to consider the negative effects of twin births in cattle.","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-06-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131231854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF CONGENITAL ANOMALIES IN CALVES AND KIDS REPORTED DURING THE PERIOD FROM 1975 TO 2021 IN BANGLADESH","authors":"M. Samad","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(2).0029","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(2).0029","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Congenital malformations are structural or functional anomalies that occur during intrauterine life and can be identified prenatally, at birth or sometimes only later during life. These congenital defects can evolve from abnormal genetic or environmental factors or a combination of both but the causes of many cases are unknown. The risk factors are associated with congenital defects varies depending on species, breed, body system, geographical location and season. Some congenital malformations can cause death of newborn, while others can only create a structural defect without affecting vital functions and responsible for slowing down of genetic progress and economic loss for the breeders. Congenital defects constitute the at least fifth largest cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality but national estimate of the prevalence of these anomalies are lacking in inland literature. Thus, it is important to estimate the prevalence with identify the causes and risk factors of congenital defects for their possible prevention to minimize the economic losses in animal industry.\u0000Objective: The objective of the review was to derive an estimate of the birth prevalence and associated host risk factors of congenital anomalies reported in calves and kids in Bangladesh. \u0000Materials and Methods: The occurrence of congenital anomalies in new born farm animals has been reviewed from the first report published in 1975 up to 2021 in Bangladesh. The search was carried out in Google, PubMed, Banglajol and also the original inland journals. \u0000Results: All types of search identified 33 inland articles and 35 articles published from foreign nations. Of the 33 available inland articles of which most of the articles based on either single clinical report or data abstracted from veterinary hospital records. Approximately 36 types of congenital malformations were recorded, of which 31 types in cow calves and only five types in kids. Higher occurrence of congenital defects reported in calves (96.95%; n = 1746 cases) than kids (3.05%; 55 cases), but both the calves (56.25%; n = 923) and kids (67.27%; n = 37 cases) affected with atresia ani comparatively higher than other reported congenital malformations. System-wise analysis on prevalence of congenital anomalies found highest prevalence in digestive system (67.18%), followed by ocular system (17.07%), musculoskeletal system (8.42%), urogenital system (2.58%), integument system (2.52%) and others. Comparatively higher prevalence of congenital defects reported in male (65.57%) than female (34.43%) and crossbred (67.03%) than indigenous (32.97%) calves in Bangladesh. \u0000Conclusion: Calves and kids born with various congenital defects in their different body systems with highest occurrence of atresia ani in both calves and kids have been recorded. Calves have a great variety of defects than kids probably due to genetic causes. Atresia ani and ocular dermoids are the most frequent occurrence but several cases are still not ","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"145 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115307119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SEROLOGICAL RESPONSE IN CROSS-BRED HEIFERS IMMUNIZED WITH BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN RB51 VACCINE UNDER SMALLHOLDER DAIRY FARM MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN BANGLADESH","authors":"N. Naher, S. Islam, S. Husaini, S. T. Sharmy, C. K. Chouhan, A. Maruf, F. Yeasmin, A. C. Das, M. M. Rahman, M. M. Hasan, A. Chakrabartty, A. Rahman, M. Rahman","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2021.2(2).0030","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2021.2(2).0030","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brucella abortus live vaccines (strains 19 and RB51) have successfully been used to control bovine brucellosis especially to protect cattle against infection and abortion worldwide. Most of the knowledge of the protective immune response of these vaccines against brucellosis induced by immunization derives from the studies in mice. Some studies on humoral immune response of these vaccines have been studied in bovine and buffaloes and an attempt is made further to evaluate the serological responses of RB51 vaccine in cross-bred heifers of smallholder dairy farms in Bangladesh.\u0000\u0000Objective: This study was conducted to measure serological responses induced in cross-bred dairy heifers immunized with RB51 Brucella abortus vaccine by using indirect ELISA.\u0000\u0000Materials and Methods: Five cross-bred (Holstein  Local) heifers were selected for this experiment which aged four months and sero-negative for Brucella infection in smallholder dairy farms in the district of Kushtia. Each of the selected heifer received 2.0 ml imported commercial B. abortus RB51 strain vaccine subcutaneously in the neck region at day 0 and then booster dose at 60 days after the first vaccination with similar dose and route during the period from January to July 2020. Each of the collected serum samples of five heifers at day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 150 was tested to detect the antibody status by using commercial indirect ELISA kit.\u0000\u0000Results: The serological responses (antibody level) was detected by commercial indirect ELISA OD values in the serum of cross-bred heifers induced by using B. abortus strain RB51 commercial live vaccine resulted 0.097 OD value at 0 day (pre-vaccination) and 0.108 at 7th day of post-immunization. It appears that the OD values in the immunized heifers was started to rise from the first week and it was gradually increased and reached the peak level at 60 days (OD value 0.223). Booster vaccination administered at 60 days was resulted peak antibody level at day 90 (OD value 0.313) but its level was started to decline from 120 days with a highest declined at day 150 (OD value 0.199).\u0000\u0000Conclusions: Further studies to define the cellular immune response and protection against B. abortus infection are recommended before routine use of the vaccine in cattle in Bangladesh.","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117061052","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"SERO-MOLECULAR INVESTIGATION OF COXIELLA BURNETII INFECTION IN DOMESTIC RUMINANTS AND HUMANS AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS \u0000BASED ON ‘ONE HEALTH’ PERSPECTIVES IN BANGLADESH","authors":"A. Chakrabartty, N. Nahar, M. Rahman, A. Rahman, A. S. Sarker, M. M. Hasan, H. Neubauer, K. Henning","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(1).0027","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(1).0027","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Q-fever is an important zoonotic disease caused by the bacterium Coxiella burnetii with wide host range of mammals, birds and arthropods worldwide. The prevalence of C. burnetii infection has been reported in domestic ruminants in Bangladesh with no attention on the ‘One Health’ approach for the epidemiological investigation associated with risk factors for prevention of the disease.\u0000Objective: This study aimed to investigate the sero-molecular prevalence of Coxiella burnetii infection and associated risk factors in domestic ruminants and humans based on ‘One Health’ approach in Bangladesh\u0000Materials and Methods: This study on C. burnetii infection was conducted in cattle, goats and humans of the four randomly selected districts (Kurigram, Sirajgonj, Pabna and Mymensingh) in Bangladesh during the period from 2018 to 2021. A total of 162 and 172 serum samples respectively from cattle and goats with the reproductive disorders, 159 serum samples from human patients with pyrexia of unknown origin lasting over a period of three weeks and who were in close contact with animal, 119 milk samples from cows with reproductive disorders and 6 aborted materials from goat were collected from these selected districts for the detection of C. burnetii antibody by ELISA and DNA by PCR assay. The research was performed with the collaboration of OIE reference laboratory for Q fever, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Germany.\u0000Results: The overall sero-prevalence of C. burnetii infection by ELISA was 3.01% in cattle, 7.6 % in goats and 0.63% in humans. The highest sero-positivity was recorded in cattle in Mymensingh (4.5%) in comparison to Pabna (2.8%), Kurigram (2.5%) and Sirajgonj (2.4%) districts. Risk factors associated with higher sero-positivity of C. burnetii infection was recorded in cattle with  5 years (4.4%) than 3 to 5 years (2.1%), indigenous (4.2%) than cross-bred (2.6%), history of retention of placenta (5.6%) than abortion (2.3%) and natural service (5.9%) than artificial insemination (2.3%). The sero-positivity of C. burnetii infection in goat showed highest in Kurigram (10.0%), followed by Sirajgonj (9.5%) and Mymensingh (9.3%) with no positive reactors in Pabna district. Risk factors associated with sero-positivity of C. burnetii infection in goats showed higher in > 2 years (14.1%) than up to 2 years (2.1%) age group and higher with the history of abortion (10.0%) than retention of placenta (4.2%). Risk factors associated with positivity of C. burnetii infection detected in milk samples of cows by ELISA showed an overall 21.85% positivity associated with history of reproductive disorders, with highest positivity in anestrus (33.3%), followed by retention of placenta (24.4%), abortion (21.7%) and lowest with repeat breeding (8.3%). In addition, higher positivity was recorded in cross-bred (24.2%) than in indigenous (12.5%) cattle. In case of humans, only one human patient (0.63%) had positive for IgG phase-II ELISA. C. burnetii DNA was detec","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128446478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"PREVALENCE AND ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS OF CANINE PARVOVIRUS AND CANINE INFLUENZA VIRUS INFECTIONS IN PET DOGS IN DHAKA DISTRICT OF BANGLADESH","authors":"P. Bhattacharjee, M. S. Rahman, R. Sarker, A. Chakrabartty","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(1).0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(1).0028","url":null,"abstract":"Background: There are approximately 1.6 million dogs in Bangladesh and almost 83% of these dogs live on the street and accordingly 17.0% dog population are kept as pet mostly in the metropolitan cities with major population in Dhaka, Chottogram and Sylhet in Bangladesh. Some promiscuous research findings on Canine parvovirus enteritis (PVE) and Canine influenza virus (CIV) have been reported in inland literature. \u0000Objective: To determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of canine parvovirus and canine influenza virus infections in dogs supported with brief review for future direction of research and prevention \u0000Materials and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on total of 173 pet dogs for the prevalence of CIV and 70 dogs for CPV infections of different breed, age and gender by collecting nasal swab samples for CIV and rectal swabs for CPV infection. Each of the collected nasal swabs was tested by RapiGen Canine influenza Ag test kit and rectal swab samples with RapiGen Canine parvovirus Ag test kit (RapiGen INC., South Korea, 2012). Chi-square test was used detect the significance of risk factors of the infections in dogs.\u0000Results: All the 173 nasal swabs of pet dogs collected from different thanas of the Dhaka district showed negative with RapiGen CIV Ag test kit test. Out of four published reports on the prevalence of CIV infection in dogs, of which two reports showed 10.71 to 13.33% prevalence rate of CIV whereas two reports (including this one) showed negative result with the same test. An overall 7.14% prevalence of CPV infection in pet dogs was recorded in this study. The prevalence of CPV in relation to breed was found 22.22% in German shepherd and 2.86% in Labrador whereas local, Bull mastiff and Samoyed breeds found negative for CPV infection. The higher prevalence of CPV infection was recorded in puppies up to six months of age (14.81%) than in growing dogs aged between >6 to 12 months (7.14%) whereas adult (>1 to 2 years) and older (> 2 years) dogs found negative to this infection. Comparatively higher prevalence of CPV infection was detected in male (8.33%) than in female (5.88%) dogs. No CPV infection was recorded in vaccinated dogs, whereas 19.23% unvaccinated dogs affected with this infection. All the rectal swab samples of apparently healthy dogs (no sign of diarrhea) showed negative to CPV infection, whereas 25.0% dogs with diarrhea sign found positive to CPV infection. Review of inland literature reveals that out of nine articles published on CPV infection of which RapiGen CPV Ag test kit has been used in four, PCR in one and clinical method of diagnosis in four articles, whereas only RapiGen CIV Ag test kit has been used for the diagnosis of CIV infection.\u0000Conclusion: The prevalence of CPE associated with diarrhea in 7.14% pet dogs has been recognized in this investigation with supports of earlier reports whereas the prevalence of CIV in pet dogs varied widely from negative to 13.33% prevalence in dog","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"143 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121134876","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A FIVE-DECADE SYSTEMATIC REVIEW OF RESEARCH PROGRESS ON PRODUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF SMALL RUMINANTS IN BANGLADESH","authors":"M. Samad","doi":"10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(1).0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/jvmohr.2021.3(1).0026","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Small ruminant animals (SRA) have been associated with humans since their domestication are of world significance as socioeconomic animals providing products (meat, milk, wool, hair) that are in growing demand and sustainability of rural economics and many ecosystems with poverty elevation and food security in rural people in developing world including Bangladesh. People clearly want the benefit of SRA with the application of knowledge of science and technological research. Some research progress on production and management of SRA has been made during the past five decades in Bangladesh. However, such research information is often fragmented and not easily accessible, although these research findings are essential for further research and effective SRA development planning.\u0000Objective: This review aimed to improve the information based on various aspects of production and management of SRA by compiling and reviewing published research findings to identify constraints of their production for practical and sustainable solutions. \u0000Materials and Methods: A systematic literature of review of research articles on production and management of SRA published mainly in journals from 1968 to early 2021 of Bangladesh has been reviewed. A total of 332 inland research articles on these aspects supported with 19 foreign related articles have been reviewed and analyzed. \u0000Results: Bangladesh has approximately 26.435 million goats and 3.607 million sheep. Among goat population, 90% Black Bengal goat (BBG), 8.0% Jamunapari (JP) and 2.0% crossbred goats. Ten phenotypic coat color characteristics of BBG with high performance with solid black color goats documented. Sheep and goats are considered polyestrous species, and the average gestation length lasts for 150 days and give birth twice a year under good management and nutrition. Most of the smallholder farmers (80.5-95%) are raised their goats in semi-intensive system and 47% rural women are involved in goat rearing. Approximately 96% goat farmers and 60% sheep farmers used roadside grass and tree leaves and only 4.0% goat farmers used cultivated fodder whereas 40% sheep farmers used cultivated and road side grass to feed their sheep. Daily supplement of 100-300g concentrate to grazing SRA improved the growth and carcass gain, productive and reproductive performances. Castrated goats at eight weeks of age showed a much higher growth rate (76.33g/day) than un-castrated (62.72g/day) goats. The productive and reproductive performances of SRA have been reviewed and discussed. The BBG has excellent reproductive efficiency but its lower live weight and milk yield encouraged for crossbreeding with exotic bucks. The meat and milk yield traits of crossbred improved but reproductive efficiency decreased in comparison to BBG. Selection breeding of BBG not only increased live weight but also improved carcass value and preserves the indigenous genetic resources from extinction of unplanned breeding. Similarly, the c","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129806887","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"HUMORAL IMMUNE RESPONSE IN CROSS-BRED HEIFERS IMMUNIZED WITH BRUCELLA ABORTUS STRAIN RB51 VACCINE IN MILITARY DAIRY \u0000FARM OF BANGLADESH","authors":"M. M. Rahman, M. Rahman, A. Rahman, A. Maruf, M. M. Hossain, M. Rana, H. Neubauer","doi":"10.36111/JVMOHR.2020.2(2).0024","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.36111/JVMOHR.2020.2(2).0024","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Brucellosis is a chronic zoonotic disease with negligible mortality rate that might be the reason not to attract the concerned authority to prevent and eradicate it in low income endemic countries. Recently, it has been recognized as a re-emerging zoonotic disease not only in low income countries but also its eradicated developed world.\u0000Objective: The main objective was to determine the humoral immune response (HIR) in crossbred dairy heifers immunized with Brucella abortus strain RB51 vaccine by using indirect ELISA\u0000Materials and Methods: Each of the 20 randomly selected B. abortus sero-negative crossbred (Holstein-Friesian  Local) dairy heifers aged between 4 to 8 months old at the Military Dairy Farm received 2.0 ml imported commercial B. abortus SRB51 strain vaccine subcutaneously in the neck region at day 0 and then booster dose at 60 days after first vaccination with similar dose and route during the period from June to October 2020. Each of the collected serum samples of 20 heifers at day 0, 7, 14, 21, 28, 60, 90, 120 and 150 was tested to detect the antibody status by using commercial indirect ELISA kit.\u0000Results: The humoral immune response (HIR) in terms of antibody levels detected by OD values in the serum of immunized cross-bred dairy heifers by using B. abortus strain RB51 commercial vaccine resulted 0.097  0.0032 (mean  SE) OD value at 0 day (i.e. pre-immunization) and 0.108 ± 0.0032 at 7th day. After that, the OD value started to rise from day 14 (OD value 0.124 ± 0.0032) and reached to a peak level at 60 days (OD value 0.223  0.0032) with the initial vaccination. Booster vaccination inoculated at 60 days resulted peak antibody level in terms of OD value (0.313  0.0032) at the day 90 and then the antibody level started to decline from 120 days (OD value 0.242  0.0032) to 150 days (OD value 0.199 0.0032) in cross-bred dairy heifers.\u0000Conclusions: This study suggests that the commercial B. abortus RB51 strain vaccine has induced satisfactory HIR with initial inoculation and significantly higher HIR produced with a booster dose in crossbred heifers by using commercial I-ELISA. The presence of Brucella antibodies have importance on sero-diagnosis whereas the cell mediated immunity (CMI) plays major role in protection against brucellosis which needs further investigation in cross-bred heifers in Bangladesh.\u0000\u0000Keywords: Brucellosis, SRB51 vaccine, Humoral immune response, I-ELISA, Cross-bred heifers, Bangladesh","PeriodicalId":414120,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Veterinary Medical and One Health Research","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125481085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}