FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY最新文献

{"title":"Avoiding Attention? Assessing the Reasons for Register Office Weddings in Victorian England and Wales","authors":"R. Probert","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2023.2205736","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2023.2205736","url":null,"abstract":"The option of getting married in a register office was introduced by the Marriage Act 1836, and over the course of Victoria’s reign over a million couples availed themselves of it. Yet surprisingly little is known about them. This article analyses information about 286 register office weddings celebrated between 1837 and 1901, with examples from 40 counties and 151 different registration districts. It shows that, while those marrying in a register office were drawn from across the social scale and of a median age broadly in line with the national average, brides and grooms from older age groups were overrepresented, reflecting the fact that a higher percentage of marriages in the register office were remarriages for one or both of the parties. Further analysis of their marital histories shows that earlier or subsequent weddings had often taken place in a church, indicating that marriage in a register office cannot be interpreted as evidence of an ideological preference for civil marriage. Some couples chose to marry in a register office because of a desire to keep the wedding private. Others did so because of practical considerations of location, cost, and speed, but these were dependent on the local context and were not static over time. As this indicates, in assessing the reasons for register office weddings, it is important to locate it in the context of an individual’s life history.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"26 1","pages":"49 - 70"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45458954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"M. Rothery","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2023.2205732","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2023.2205732","url":null,"abstract":"This will be a rather shorter editorial than usual practice since this wonderful special edition focussed on marriage comes with an introduction from Rachel Probert. The four articles in this edition all examine marriage as a social institution and as a mediator for social practices and values. It arrives at a time, after the recent pandemic, when we all seem to be placing more value on the home and family as a source of well-being and when some of us spend more time working at home. But that status is itself threatened by the current cost of living crisis, with so many families struggling to obtain even basic provisions and utilities, to provide their families with a comfortable and happy life. As always, as the history of the family shows, wider inequalities and disparities impact on the nature of family relationships and even on the structure of the family itself. For many people, marriage begins the process of family formation from one generation to the next, although that assumption seems to be changing. Marriage itself seems to be of declining importance as a choice for heterosexual couples; this trend has been clear since the early 1970s. It’s expected that this trend will become even more pronounced into the latter part of this century. Despite this, undoubtedly the family, in all its forms will continue to form the basic unit of society, the source of well-being and comfort for many, and unfortunately the seat of despair and pain for others. This journal commits itself to examining the family and the role of family in forming communities, in all the various forms that these were found in the past, and the articles in this special edition make a significant contribution to that project. Our thanks as always are extended to Dick Hunter for his expertise in organising the book reviews.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"26 1","pages":"1 - 1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2023-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48042289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Idiots’ in Eighteenth-Century London Families and Communities: Evidence from Old Bailey Trials","authors":"Simon Jarrett","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2135829","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2135829","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines fifty trials held at the Old Bailey Criminal Court in London between 1690 and 1830 which featured individuals (mostly defendants) characterised as ‘idiots’ or similar, broadly correlating with people characterised as people with learning disabilities today. Evidence from the trials, including witness testimony, character witness statements, court verdicts and testimony from the defendants themselves suggest that many lived integrated lives in their families and communities rather than being marginalised or abused. Many worked, and were supported by social networks of family, neighbours and work mates, including employers. There is barely any evidence of institutionalisation. The early years of the nineteenth century saw a hardening of attitudes in court verdicts and testimony, and reduction in the tolerance and acceptance shown in earlier trials, presaging the institutionalisation of the idiot population which occurred later in the nineteenth century.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"140 - 163"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-11-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48661270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“So They May be Usefull to Themselves”: Work and Apprenticeship in the Ackworth Branch Foundling Hospital, 1757–1773","authors":"C. Phillips","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2179223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2179223","url":null,"abstract":"During the period 1756–1760, the Foundling Hospital accepted more children for admission than could be housed at its London premises. Branch Hospitals were opened across the country, including at Ackworth, Yorkshire. Ackworth Branch Hospital operated a manufactory, staffed by many of the children it received. The manufactory provided the children with experience prior to their undertaking apprenticeships and raised revenue for the Hospital. Children at Ackworth were apprenticed to a range of trades and, whilst most apprenticeships were successful, some were not. This article examines the training and apprenticeships provided to the Ackworth foundlings. It demonstrates that the Foundling Hospital took its role as in loco parentis seriously when apprenticeships went wrong. The hospital re-received children whose apprenticeships failed and provided them with further opportunities to become useful members of society.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"219 - 233"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43401248","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book Review","authors":"D. Hunter","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2179221","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2179221","url":null,"abstract":"The editors have set out to provide a pioneering study of migrant death markers across the British and Irish worlds. To do this, they have collected works by a range of academics working in the fields of social and cultural history, focusing on memorials to migrants mostly within the former British Empire. The introductory chapter provides an overview of the historical expansion of headstones and epitaphs as part of the development of broader death landscapes from about 1868 to the mid twentieth century. Chapter 2 considers Scots, with an emphasis on very close descendants of migrants to Ulster, Pennsylvania and New South Wales, and offers an archaeological perspective. Here, a chronology of change from mortality symbols to symbols of hope and salvation has been identified, with family names and trade symbols giving identity. A notable finding is that new arrivals in Pennsylvania appear to ‘forget’ their roots as new motifs are seen as Ulster Scots adjusted to the new continent. Chapter 3 investigates gravestones of English people in Barbados and considers how the rich evidence of English death culture subsumed any earlier death landscapes and how the memorials document changing ideas of identity in death. There is also a study of Jewish graves on this Caribbean island, which broadens understanding of Jewishness and Englishness in an Anglophone overseas world. The following chapter aims to explore whether death markers represent the community of Scots in Nova Scotia, the ethnic group making up a large proportion of the graves in the two cemeteries studied, interesting in themselves as one was profoundly devoted to Presbyterian graves, the other to Roman Catholic burial plots. Questions arise from the presence or absence of Gaelic on gravestones, and there is an analysis of the use and changing form of thistles as motifs. Scottish gravestones in Ceylon are considered in Chapter 5, using the story of the death of a tea plantation manager as the route into the analysis. A useful finding is that lineage details carved on memorials to English individuals could be due to wider-family members giving those details to the stonemasons whereas Scots were frequently single and did not have extended families living on the island. The memorials contribute clearly to Scots influence in the tea industry. Chapter 6 considers memorialisation in South Australia, a destination for many poor Irish persons being directed away from England and supplying a labour force. Weak nationalistic sentiment helps to explain a declining use of crosses because symbols that could be interpreted as patriotic to Ireland were unlikely to foster assimilation. There is an analysis of comparative numbers of symbols on Catholic and Protestant graves but","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"253 - 270"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47767365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Manning the British Empire: Gender, Identity and Emotions in Early Twentieth Century Britain","authors":"M. Rothery","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2179225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2179225","url":null,"abstract":"This article analyses the thought processes of Ralph Furse, a senior civil servant tasked with selecting and training senior colonial officials during the early twentieth century. It makes use of his desk diaries between 1910 and 1914, which he used to record his impressions of candidates for the colonial service, and his autobiography, published after his retirement in the 1960s. Furse based his assessments on masculine qualities of the candidates, as he saw them, and on their emotional styles. Those who projected authority as men, were physically imposing and could manage their emotions effectively were generally deemed suitable, whilst the more gregarious candidates lacking these masculine qualities were rejected. Furse was a gatekeeper to elite male status and his job helped shape his own sense of identity as a landed gentry man.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"234 - 252"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41661192","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Nothing More or Less than a Discharged Convict”: The Career of Dr Thomas Millerchip of Coventry, 1874–1912.","authors":"S. Wildman, F. Badger","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2179226","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2179226","url":null,"abstract":"During his career, Thomas Millerchip served four prison sentences, two for attempting to procure abortion, and was removed from the register by the General Medical Council in 1885. Yet, he experienced considerable support in his hometown of Coventry and subsequently practised, intermittently, outside of the law until his death in 1912. This article examines the ways in which, as a newly qualified practitioner, he built up his practice but also identifies the pitfalls that could beset a medical career in late nineteenth-century England. It demonstrates that qualified practitioners did not have a monopoly within the medical marketplace and that the process of professionalisation was incomplete by the advent of the First World War.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"201 - 218"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48047118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘This Man is Really an Intolerable Pest’: Perceptions and Treatment of the Disabled in the Workhouse, 1834–1900","authors":"Carol A. Beardmore","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2135827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2135827","url":null,"abstract":"Peter Higginbottom has argued that historians have failed to hear, find and listen to the voices of workhouse inmates. Using the recent research undertaken by the AHRC project ‘In Their Own Write’ the focus of this article will be on the letters and statements made by disabled and infirm inmates. By using a range of the correspondence, it will explore the voice of the disabled in the workhouse and consider how those with impairments exhibited agency and fought for their perceived rights and correct treatment and will explore negotiations around poor nursing care, the removal of personal liberties, invasion of privacy surrounding issues with the mail, poor food and expectations of the type of work they should be given. At the centre of the argument and particularly for those with sensory problems it will argue that poverty was the main problem rather than individual impairments. Finally, it will examine how individuals took a bullish approach to challenging those in authority at the local and central level to ensure that obligations of aid and relief were met, albeit often unsuccessfully.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"121 - 139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41417625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"‘Still About the Town’: Constructing Disability in Small Town Nineteenth Century England","authors":"S. King","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2135830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2135830","url":null,"abstract":"This article draws on the largest source base ever assembled – some 12 million words of diverse material ranging from letters, through life-writing and to committee minutes – to investigate the public presence of those with sensory, physical or mental impairments. Focusing on the nineteenth century, the classic period in which it is argued that impairment came to be constructed into ‘disability’ and subject to medical intervention, and on poor people the article makes three core points. First, that ordinary people could not have avoided seeing or being involved with people living with these impairments in their everyday public lives; second, that few of these people and even fewer of those living with physical and mental issues constructed impairment into disability – indeed the phrase is almost completely absent from the 12 million word corpus in terms of its modern usage; finally, that while public presence did not guarantee good and respectful treatment of people navigating physical, sensory or mental issues, in most cases and at most times in the nineteenth century there was a clear sense of societal and personal obligation to such people.","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"98 - 120"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46369925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editorial","authors":"Carol A. Beardmore","doi":"10.1080/14631180.2022.2135828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/14631180.2022.2135828","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41391,"journal":{"name":"FAMILY & COMMUNITY HISTORY","volume":"25 1","pages":"89 - 90"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2022-05-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46179812","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}