{"title":"Microwave dielectric properties of foods and some other substances","authors":"P. Risman","doi":"10.1533/9781845696573.1.153","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845696573.1.153","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Without the dipolar properties of water at microwave frequencies, there would be no life on earth, and certainly no microwave food heating. The microwave oven frequency of 2450 MHz was chosen rather arbitrarily 60 years ago and is indeed optimal for the purpose. But even a quite small ionic content causes a comparable absorption of microwaves to that of water. With the increased use of microwave modelling, accurate dielectric and thermal data for foods are becoming more important. The binding of water in various components is accounted for in mixture formulae, including semi-frozen foods. The limits of use for dielectric data for homogenised samples (MUTs) for computations of the ‘effective’ microwave permittivity are also dealt with. Finally, microwave data for some food container materials are given.","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123203770","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Electromagnetic basis of microwave heating","authors":"Juming Tang, F. Resurreccion","doi":"10.1533/9781845696573.1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845696573.1.3","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: This chapter provides the fundamentals of electromagnetic (EM) waves relating to microwave heating and processing of foods. Included are broad discussions on the characteristics of EM waves generated from the source and on to food materials in accordance with Maxwell equations. Important concepts such as electromagnetic wave propagation and penetration, energy associated with EM waves, and conversion to heat relating to the dielectric properties of food materials are discussed in preparation for more detailed discussions in other chapters. In particular, important information relating to electromagnetic field distributions in waveguides, microwave cavities, and foods are presented to the readers to allow a general understanding of complicated physical phenomena associated with heating uniformity in both domestic ovens and industrial scale microwave systems.","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"125 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133664982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Susceptors in microwave packaging","authors":"M. Perry, R. Lentz","doi":"10.1533/9781845696573.2.207","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845696573.2.207","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Susceptors convert microwave energy to thermal energy and are used in microwave ovens to crispen and brown foods. Special attention is given to the temperature limiting feature of the conventional thin metal film on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) susceptor. The critical roles of water management and thermal insulation in susceptor use are examined. The measurement of susceptor characteristics is also treated with emphasis on surface impedance. Alternative susceptors, e.g. printed and ferrite, are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126233978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Index","authors":"","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.20001-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.20001-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130333384","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Influence of food geometry and dielectric properties on heating performance","authors":"B. Raaholt","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00002-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00002-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"48 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132643795","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave oven safety","authors":"David Barron, Revised by lf Erik Nordh","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00017-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00017-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"37 12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115960431","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Microwave ovens","authors":"N. Cooper","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00004-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00004-9","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134245390","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Flavors and colors for microwave foods","authors":"Sara Rische, Revised by L. Leake","doi":"10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00010-4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-102713-4.00010-4","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131130481","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Measurements of dielectric properties of foods and associated materials","authors":"P. Risman","doi":"10.1533/9781845696573.1.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845696573.1.129","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: A series of methods is described, from commercially available which are easy to handle and have accuracy but may have representativity problems, to special purpose that have high accuracy and are suitable for inhomogeneous materials under test (MUTs). It is concluded that no single method fulfils all practical criteria, but that there is at least one available method fulfilling each particular criterion. So the choice is also a compromise.","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"258 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129967470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Package and product development testing in a microwave oven","authors":"M. Lorence","doi":"10.1533/9781845696573.3.269","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845696573.3.269","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract: Variability stands in the way of delivering consistent product quality from microwave ovens. A good microwave product developer takes into account all the sources of variability in the test system that an end user may see. The two largest sources of variability are the differences in microwave ovens in the marketplace and the end users themselves. This chapter outlines a test procedure that aids the developer in determining the robustness of a product/package design and if an applied fix improves performance in all of the variability found in the marketplace.","PeriodicalId":412916,"journal":{"name":"Development of Packaging and Products for Use in Microwave Ovens","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122044189","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}