Medecine & Droit最新文献

{"title":"Le vaccin, un médicament devenu l’arme absolue promise contre la COVID-19 : une réglementation adaptée ?","authors":"Mathieu Guerriaud (Maître de conférences en Droit pharmaceutique et de la santé, pharmacovigilance et iatrogénie, Docteur en Sciences (PhD)/Docteur en Pharmacie (PharmD), Membre de la société d’Histoire de la Pharmacie)","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.01.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.01.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>As the first vaccines against COVID-19 arrive on the market, the question of the safety of these products arises in the public debate. The major concern is about the possible occurrence of adverse effects, particularly in the context of the use of novel pharmaceutical technologies such as mRNA. It is important to remind both patients and professionals that a vaccine is not only a medicinal product in its own right, but also a special medicinal product: biological and immunological. As a result, its supervision is draconian, and despite the urgency, no requirements have been lowered. The speed of marketing is the result both of adapted clinical trials and optimized evaluation procedures.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 169","pages":"Pages 74-80"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2021.01.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936594","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"","authors":"Philippe Biclet","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.06.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.06.001","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 169","pages":"Page 81"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2021.06.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47363313","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Les normes et standards de la documentation des allégations de torture et autres mauvais traitements selon le protocole d’Istanbul","authors":"Pr Abdallah Dami ,&nbsp;Pr Samir Nya ,&nbsp;Pr Hicham Benyaich","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.01.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.01.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Torture and ill treatment constitute a serious violation of basic human rights. Health professionals are actors capable of acting, in addition to caring for the victims, for the advent of a world without torture. Thorough investigation and substantiated documentation of allegations of torture can help victims to tell the truth about what has happened to them and support them in their quest for justice and reparation. They help victims to obtain credible evidence that torture has taken place, allowing them to assert their rights. Trained health professionals can document the physical and psychological trauma resulting from torture, and link them to specific torture practices with a very high level of credibility, using the Istanbul protocol, a manual on documentation of torture approved by the United Nations. Victims can use this evidence to formally file a complaint to substantiate allegations in civil or criminal cases, as a basis for their request for rehabilitation assistance, and as an official acknowledgment of the harm they have suffered. This work aims to point out the important role of the doctor in the process of documenting the allegations of torture and other ill treatment and the need for training on the ethical, legal and practical aspects of this intervention in order to participate in prevention, and fight against this crime.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 169","pages":"Pages 68-73"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2021.01.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48267178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Le geste suicidaire et la faute inexcusable de l’employeur","authors":"Sophie Joly (Maître de conférences à l’université de Montpellier)","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.02.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.02.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>When a suicidal act is attributed to work, in addition to the qualification of a work accident, the employer's inexcusable fault, based on his obligation of safety, can be retained if the latter was aware of the danger incurred by his subordinate and did not take the necessary measures to protect him. Two points stand out. On the one hand, the risk of suicide is not always predictable, which leads to a more general thinking on its prevention. On the other hand, since 2015, two conceptions regarding the obligation of security have coexisted, new in labour law and, constant in social security law, with litigation falling under two separate chambers of the High Court. Three judgments from October 8, issued by the second civil chamber of the High Court appear to be moving towards a harmonization of case law. Consequently, their scope should be assessed, in particular regarding the preventive measures expected from the employer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 168","pages":"Pages 35-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2021.02.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47936324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Causalité juridique et imputabilité médicale : l’incidence de l’approche juridique du lien de causalité sur la pratique expertale en droit de la réparation du dommage corporel","authors":"Caroline Catz ,&nbsp;Clotilde Rougé-Maillart ,&nbsp;Pauline Patard ,&nbsp;Renaud Clément","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.02.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2021.02.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Traditionally, a “direct and certain” causal link was required between fault and harm in order to engage an individual's compensatory liability. However, upon reading case law, it is possible to note that causality no longer necessarily has to be either direct or certain. Indeed, although the presence of a previous condition long enabled the exclusion of a direct link between a harmful event and its aftereffects, the French Court of Appeal (Cour de Cassation) now considers that pathological predispositions must no longer be taken into account (in respect of an exclusion or a reduction in the right to compensation) if these were latent, and only revealed by the harmful event. Similarly, on occasion the plaintiffs support their claims with bundles of evidence and arguments that can but force magistrates to set aside the absence of absolute certainty on a scientific level. Presumptions of accountability have even been put forward in some areas of personal injury compensation (traffic accidents and workplace accidents). The conduct and content of forensic expertises are then disrupted, both for the expert and for the victim's lawyer.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 168","pages":"Pages 45-53"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2021.02.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49200426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Civil law regulation and criminal enforcement of mandatory vaccination policies: A comparative aspect","authors":"Yurii M. Yurkevych ,&nbsp;Ivan V. Krasnytskyi ,&nbsp;Khrystyna B. Romaniv ,&nbsp;Oksana M. Bronevytska ,&nbsp;Vasyl M. Parasiuk","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>One of the most important tasks of any state is to provide everyone, including the child, with the opportunity for a healthy and fulfilling life. Processes of immunisation through vaccination are considered most appropriate for the prevention of infectious diseases. The purpose of this study is to understand the legal regulation of immunisation of the population and to give it a legal assessment, to review the legal acts on vaccination in different countries of the world and to identify the legal tendencies of resolving conflicts in the field of vaccination on the basis of court decisions. As a result of the research the prospective directions of work of civil and criminal regulation of vaccination of children, regulation of the right to education for children who have not been vaccinated, the lawsuits, petitions and court decisions regarding the population response to vaccinations were analysed. The authors of the study conclude on the methods of introducing mandatory vaccination of children, the development of new criminal legislation to protect rights and freedoms.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 168","pages":"Pages 54-58"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41655179","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"« Actes de conformation sexuée imposés aux personnes intersexuées : qualification pénale, responsabilité des médecins, sanctions »","authors":"Lucie Dupin (Doctorante contractuelle en droit privé)","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.12.002","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.12.002","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Under French criminal law, acts of gendered conformation imposed on intersex persons can be qualified as volontary violence and, in some cases, volontary mutilating violence. French doctors who perform these acts may be held criminally liable. They can be sentenced to up to 20 years of imprisonment.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 167","pages":"Pages 19-24"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2020.12.002","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48326202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"COVID-19 : quel rôle pour les comités d’éthique ?","authors":"Henri-Corto Stoeklé ,&nbsp;Achille Ivasilevitch ,&nbsp;Elisabeth Hulier-Ammar ,&nbsp;Dominique Reynaert ,&nbsp;Christian Hervé","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.004","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.004","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Let us take advantage of this state of health crisis to promote within the committees a real ethics of the discussion on research practices.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 167","pages":"Pages 17-18"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.004","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46206644","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Réflexions critiques sur les notions d’abolition et d’altération de la faculté à discerner","authors":"Mathieu Garcia","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.12.001","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.12.001","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>Inasmuch as the constitution of the <em>mens rea</em> of any offence remains suspended to its integrity, the capacity for discernment represents a condition of accountability whose definition responds to issues that are as much technical – with respect to psychiatric and psychological penal expertise – as they are theoretical – with respect to our conception of criminal responsibility and the psychological prerequisites that underlie it. Now, the fact is that since its introduction in 1992 with article 122–1 of the Penal Code, this notion of discernment is characterized by a certain conceptual inconsistency, giving rise to a damaging plurality of meanings making the verb <em>discern</em> the condensed version of a heterogeneous network of distinct psychological functions. The polysemic term of <em>discernment</em> thus gives rise to a fundamental indetermination as to the nature of the faculty that must be examined in order to decide on its abolition or its preservation at the moment of the act. This is not without favouring the appearance and persistence of arbitrary interpretations, and consequently discordant expert conclusions. Even more problematic, however, is the idea of an <em>alteration</em> of discernment, given the irreducible discrepancy between the continuous nature of an alteration and the discontinuous nature of the conclusion to which the agent is subject, in that the legal demand requires a decision – in a discretization of what is continuous – between the presence and absence of <em>something</em> that is lacking. We will in fact show in what way this concept of alteration as it applies to discernment tends to be either meaningless, or redundant – and therefore useless – in relation to that of abolition. So much so that the only conceivable solution to maintain a certain gradation of degrees of non-accountability seems to consist in having to specify the different types of abolition of discernment potentially observed, and then to propose a hierarchization according to their greater or lesser compatibility with the conservation of a criminal responsibility. .</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 167","pages":"Pages 25-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2020.12.001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46641967","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"La Direction des affaires juridiques et des droits des patients de l’AP–HP et la première vague de la pandémie Covid-19","authors":"Jacques Belghiti (Professeur émérite chirurgie digestive, Coordonnateur de la cellule des médecins conseil de la DAJDP),&nbsp;Marie Pierre Dilly-Rushenas (Anesthésiste-Réanimateur, Directrice déléguée à la coordination de la qualité, gestions des risques et droit du patient de l’hôpital Bichât–Claude-Bernard),&nbsp;Sandra Fournier (Responsable du service de prévention du risque infectieux de la DPQAM de l’AP–HP),&nbsp;Magali Richard Piauger (Responsable du département médiation et responsabilité hospitalière de la DAJDP),&nbsp;Soisic Iroz (Directrice déléguée des affaires juridiques et des droits des patients),&nbsp;Daniel Vittecoq (Médecin-conseil DAJDP, SMIT Bicêtre),&nbsp;Charline Nicolas (Directrice des affaires juridiques et des droits des patients),&nbsp;Emmanuel Martinod (Professeur de Chirurgie thoracique et cardio-vasculaire de Coordonnateur cellule COVID-19, PCEML)","doi":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.003","DOIUrl":"10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.003","url":null,"abstract":"<div><p>To facilitate the analysis and the management of claims related to the last Covid-19 pandemic, the DAJ of the AP–HP constituted a medical group assisted by lawyers intending to review the scientific knowledge and organizational measures during the first wave of this pandemic. This group brought together medical doctors with both scientific expertise in the main specialties requested during this viral infection and knowledge of repairing bodily damage. Based on the data provided by the hospital dashboards and the collection of hospital procedures for Covid-19 and non-Covid-19 patients, the goal of this group was to assess the level of scientific knowledge and organizational measures respectively at the start of the epidemic, its peak and at the end. During the three periods of this pandemic the main changes observed included a greater selectivity on admissions with increasing consideration on the patient's comorbidity; a continual evolution in drug management and more rigorous isolation measures with interruption of visiting rights. The target was to prevent contamination of the non-infected persons with an obsession to protect healthcare workers. The absence of selection for patients requiring intensive care for compensation of their respiratory failure forced AP–HP to double the number of intensive care beds and to refer some patients in other regions. In a context of unstable scientific knowledge and evolving organizational measures, the collection of these data should facilitate the management of claims related to Covid19 during the first wave of this pandemic and open a prospective study for the next pandemic.</p></div>","PeriodicalId":41275,"journal":{"name":"Medecine & Droit","volume":"2021 167","pages":"Pages 30-34"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1016/j.meddro.2020.11.003","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49250449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}