{"title":"Ecocriticism","authors":"T. Morton","doi":"10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-4-34-61","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-4-34-61","url":null,"abstract":" The task of the author’s project “ecology without nature” is to use deconstruction to counteract prevailing normative ideas about nature for the sake of sentient beings suffering under catastrophic environmental conditions. Timothy Morton sees in the very idea of nature itself one of the obstacles to truly ecological politics, ethics, philosophy, and art. He calls for a thorough study of how nature is defined as a transcendental, unified and independent category. The study of how art represents the environment makes it possible to see that “nature” is an arbitrary rhetorical construct, devoid of a truly independent existence outside or beyond texts about nature. The rhetoric of nature itself depends on an ambient poetics, that is directed toward the evocation of the surrounding atmosphere or the world through text. Morton shows that people at different periods of time put various ideological meanings into the concept of “nature”; the historicization of this poetics makes obvious its vacuity of inner being and independent value. The history of ambient poetics depends on certain forms of identity and subjectivity, which are also historical. Without stopping at historicization, the author calls for the politicization of ecological art and the use of the rhetorical effect of “nature” as a slogan in order to strengthen environmentalism. The ecological thinking that Morton calls for does not operate with “nature” as a kind of ready-made, ideological concept and thus emerges as an ecology “without nature”. On the other hand, a non-conceptual image in environmental literature can be a convincing point of attraction for an intensive conceptual system — namely, an ideological one.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"4 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2023-04-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77668447","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Convolute A: Arcades, Magasins de Nouveautés, Sales Clerks","authors":"","doi":"10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-172-210","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-172-210","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85772295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"From “Trans-” and “Post-nationalism” to “Critical Cosmopolitanism”. Notes on the Controversy Over Nationalism in the Western Academy","authors":"","doi":"10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-211-232","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-211-232","url":null,"abstract":"This article provides an overview of theoretical efforts to overcome nation-centrism that have been undertaken in various fields of social science, including political science, cultural studies, social anthropology and macrosociology, migration studies, and social philosophy, from the 1990s. The opposition to nationalism, characteristic of the academic literature of that time, was conducted mainly on the epistemological plane; i.e., within the framework of polemics engaging “methodological nationalism”. The researchers who defended the positions of “transnationalism” and/or “post-nationalism” dissociated themselves from nation-centric perspectives to the extent that they hindered the productive analysis of transformations of social reality. However, there was an ideological and normative component to this dissociation. Nationalism was unacceptable for many scientists both as a methodology and also as a worldview. Since cosmopolitanism was the main opponent of the nationalist worldview, critics of nationalism were obliged to turn to its associated concepts. The problematic nature of such an appeal, however, lies in the fact that the cosmopolitan tradition of Western academic literature developed mainly within a liberal ideological fold. This led toward efforts to reset cosmopolitanism as an articulation of the left-leaning agenda. This present article focuses on “critical cosmopolitanism”. If the nationalist view sees the condition for the possibility of solidarity in the very fact of community, then the critical-cosmopolitan view is that solidarity can arise from a general disagreement with oppression (in whatever forms the latter may manifest itself). Community, therefore, does not precede solidarity, but is the result of the process of its formation. The author of the article analyses and revises the terms necessary to discuss the formation of solidarity and the fight against oppression, and offers an attempt to comprehend the possibility of a post-national world.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"29 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88183323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Virus vs Control: Two Fears of One Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-79-105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-79-105","url":null,"abstract":"In the spring of 2020, online discussions revealed two conflicting views on threats posed by the pandemic. Some were very worried about the prospect of infection and mass deaths from the new virus, while others saw the main danger lying in restrictive measures and increased social control. This article is an attempt to answer the question as to why some Russians reacted more sensi tively to the epidemiological threat and others to the danger of increased control. Medically sensitive Internet users describe themselves and their opponents in terms of social and cultural differences. Covid dissidents distinguish themselves from their ideological opponents on the criterion of the presence or absence of agency. Sociological studies show that this or that type of sensitivity is determined in part by socio-economic status. The reaction to the pandemic is weakly related to political preferences, but it is influenced by the level of trust in the state and official institutions. In-depth interviews with COVID-dissidents and analysis of their rhetoric in social media show that sensitivity to the threat of control is determined by the personal “setting”, in which the experience of “agency panic” (Timothy Melley) plays an important role. In some people the “panic of agency” triggers the signal “danger of control” in a situation where others perceive the administration of necessary security measures. This signal either “overrides” the signal of a biological threat, or encourages a person who is busy asserting his own agency to cope with a biological threat without the participation of authorities and official experts, in the most autonomous mode.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"115 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80266026","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Boulevard Angel of History: Towards Walter Benjamin’s Arcades Project","authors":"","doi":"10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-154-171","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-154-171","url":null,"abstract":"Between 1927 and 1940, Walter Benjamin collected and systematized material around the Paris market arcades — their history, economics, architecture, and socio-communicative nature. The Arcades Project (Passagenarbeit) was never completed and appeared only in summary form during the philosopher’s life (Paris: Capital of the Nineteenth Century) and in fragments within a number of essays. The greater part of the manuscript was made up of 36 thematically organized files (fashion, leisure, the flaneur, interior, progress, etc.) and labelled with roman numerals, but not gathered together into a single volume. These fragments consisted of quotes in German and French from literature and documents of the 19th and 20th centuries. They are excerpts from historical tractates, libretti, memoirs, advertising prospectuses, and notices. Within Arcades the author’s re flections serve as framing devices that conceptually link these documents together, more rarely, they serve as the primary content of individual sections. Benjamin considered his project to be a non-linear text (like the panels of Aby Warburg’s Memnosyne Atlas) where each image would take part in a retrospective uncovering under the critique of ‘capitalism as religion’ and in unmasking the system of connections that enable us to ‘awaken’ from ‘the dream of history’. Without explicating links between objects and phenomena, Benjamin rather made use of constructive elements of display, overlap, and mounting that moved expression from abstract analysis to mimetic reconstruction. This article examines the history of the Arcades Project, illustrates its methodological and aesthetic principles, and links with Benjamin’s philosophical conception. It also prefaces the publication of Arcades: Convolute A introduces the joint project of Versus and Ad Marginem Press with the aim of publishing a complete commentary to Benjamin’s text.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87281589","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“Narratives of Anxiety” and Hidden Ontologies: Anti-vaccination Protest in “Conservative Orthodoxy” and Its Cultural Context","authors":"","doi":"10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-106-125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.58186/2782-3660-2022-2-3-106-125","url":null,"abstract":"Protests against efforts toward coronavirus vaccination in 2020 and 2021 received significant support among Russian Orthodox “conservatives” or “fundamentalists” who consider vaccination to be a “chipping” that subordinates a person to hostile forces in preparation for the reign of the antichrist. The article examines the features of the conspiracy eschatology of modern Orthodox conservatives based on specific forms of ontology, aesthetics and social imagination. Abbot Roman Zagrebnev’s collected essays Deeds of Light and Deeds of Darkness (2016) and a number of other sources are used as empirical material for the analysis of these forms. The loss of a person’s individual agency as well as pollution, understood both in the moral and physiological sense, play a particular role in the social concept of conservative Orthodox. Each of these issues are discussed and represented with the help of bodily images and metaphors. The article attempts to see the meaning of conservative Orthodoxy not only through the prism of political ideals, social crises, and eschatological mythopoetics, but also through the connection of this particular type apocalyptic imagination of this kind and ideological holism as a crypto-ontology. The ‘holistic principle’ implies mutual conditionality and constant connection of physiological, moral and social categories and phenomena. This operates within concepts of an “expanded body” as an entity that is exposed to constant risks of pollution and loss of autonomy. In this context, the fear of vaccination, understood as both a form of physiological desecration and a means of social control, turns out to be a natural continuation of a broader ideological or ontological program that opposes the reductionist and discrete ideas about the world characteristic of late modern Western culture.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81322070","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Viral Buzz: Rumour and Its Disruptions in Pandemic Uncertainty","authors":"G. Fine","doi":"10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/11620","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.6092/ISSN.1971-8853/11620","url":null,"abstract":"Building on theory and research on rumour dynamics, I examine how the search for and acquisition of information during a time of medical crisis relies on the politics of plausibility and the politics of credibility. In this, I examine how the content and source of information affects the spread of uncertain knowledge during periods of disaster by taking into account the social dynamics of ignorance, a decisive element for fields of knowledge where the public has little ability to judge. The assertion of multiple truth claims about the current pandemic leads to challenges to previously taken-for-granted realities, but also provides potential solutions. Conditions that require an immediate response may differ from those that evolve over a longer period (fast and slow rumours). Making use of rumours about the COVID19 pandemic, I address how epistemic disruption undercuts established norms (disruption-of) but also creates the possibility of desirable change through new negotiations, strengthening community (disruption-for).","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"111 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-05-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80970172","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘It’s not like any survey I’ve ever seen before’: Discrete Choice Experiments as a Valuation Technology","authors":"Vicki Macknight, Fabien Medvecky","doi":"10.3384/VS.2001-5992.2021.8.1.7-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/VS.2001-5992.2021.8.1.7-31","url":null,"abstract":"This paper unpacks what happened when members of the local community were invited to design and test a valuation tool – specifically a discrete choice experiment – to find a valuation for New Zealand’s Otago Peninsula. We argue that the assumptions that lie within a discrete choice experiment are revealed when we look closely at how community participants react to the discrete choice experiment survey they have helped design. These assumptions, usually unnoticed, include the necessity of making trade-offs; what actions are possible; the ‘reality’ of one’s preference structures; the need for abstraction; and the importance of big picture patterns. We also argue that how these assumptions are negotiated in practice depends on complex power relationships between researchers, participants, and the technology itself. While we might seek to ‘empower’ the community with knowledge of economic processes and valuation practices, this might not be the empowerment they seek. Participants find ways to be active negotiators in the face of valuation technologies.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"30 1","pages":"7-31"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79932411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Three Modes of Valuation Practices in Art Games","authors":"M. Hutter","doi":"10.3384/VS.2001-5992.2021.8.1.85-119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/VS.2001-5992.2021.8.1.85-119","url":null,"abstract":"Several suggestions on distinguishing between “modes” of valuation practices are found in the literature. In this contribution, valuation practices are moves in a kind of social play that generates its own kind of value. Valuation in the Arts is chosen as an empirical example. Following the model, the Arts are interpreted as a set of games with the same kind of value code, in which artists and producers create performances for engaged and curious spectators. The four kinds of players engage in valuations of objects and other players in their respective games. The broad range of observations in art games demonstrates that valuation is practiced in three modes: attribution, assessment and payment. While practices of attribution and assessment generate and stabilize art-specific value accumulation, paying practices link the attributed and assessed values to the monetary valuation in games of commercial play. The distinctions of valuation practices employed by three recent authors are set into relation to the suggested modes.","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"64 6","pages":"85-119"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72612500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editorial Note: A Note on Transitions","authors":"Claes-Fredrik Helgesson","doi":"10.3384/VS.2001-5992.2021.8.1.1-6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3384/VS.2001-5992.2021.8.1.1-6","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41258,"journal":{"name":"Versus-Quaderni di Studi Semiotici","volume":"1 1","pages":"1-6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2021-04-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83093031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}