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A variational principle for the equations of piezoelectromagnetism in elastic dielectric crystals 弹性介电晶体中压电电磁方程的变分原理
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171425
Pcy Lee
{"title":"A variational principle for the equations of piezoelectromagnetism in elastic dielectric crystals","authors":"Pcy Lee","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171425","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171425","url":null,"abstract":"In a dielectric crystal of volume V bounded by a surface S which separates V from an outer vacuum V', the kinetic energy density and the electric enthalpy density are defined. By introducing these density functions in a variational principle, and by requiring the independent variations of the mechanical displacement, and the scalar and vector potentials of the EM field, it is shown that the equations of piezoelectromagnetism and the appropriate jump conditions are obtained. This variational principle accommodates the derivation of the equations of piezoelectromagnetism and the appropriate boundary conditions. It includes the variational principles of the equations of elasticity, Maxwell's equations, and the equations of piezoelectricity as special cases.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"199 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124072191","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 68
Tissue hardness measurement using the radiation force of focused ultrasound 聚焦超声辐射力测量组织硬度
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171591
Tsuneyoshi Sugirnoto, S. Ueha, K. Itoh
{"title":"Tissue hardness measurement using the radiation force of focused ultrasound","authors":"Tsuneyoshi Sugirnoto, S. Ueha, K. Itoh","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171591","url":null,"abstract":"A technique for measuring hardness in which the impulsive radiation force is focused ultrasound is used to generate localized deformation of the tissue and the applied force and/or the deformation are measured as a function of time by a conventional pulse-echo technique is proposed. An attempt is made to derive some characteristic values from the curve as figures of tissue hardness. The decay of applied force measured while keeping the deformation constant proved to give a good figure. This preliminary experiment indicates that the proposed technique is feasible.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125874478","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 148
A novel surface acoustic wave resonator for compact, low-cost oscillators 用于紧凑型低成本振荡器的新型表面声波谐振器
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171332
B. Fleischmann, D. Allen
{"title":"A novel surface acoustic wave resonator for compact, low-cost oscillators","authors":"B. Fleischmann, D. Allen","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171332","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171332","url":null,"abstract":"A three-port SAW (surface acoustic wave) resonator-filter was developed as the frequency-stabilizing component in a low-cost oscillator operating at 445 MHz. It fulfils the additional tasks of adjusting the loop phase in a Pierce oscillator design, partitioning the power between oscillator loop and output, and filtering the output signal. It thereby substantially reduces the size, complexity, and cost of the oscillator. The filter was combined with a commercially available integrated amplifier to create a self-contained, two-chip oscillator. The two chips are mounted on a TO-39 header. All electrical connections are made by wire bonding; no circuit board is necessary. With the amplifier used, the output power is 0 dBm at 6-V supply voltage. All spurious oscillations are suppressed by more than 40 dB.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125923604","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polymer films as acoustic matching layers 聚合物薄膜作为声学匹配层
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171581
B. Hadimioglu, B. Khuri-Yakub
{"title":"Polymer films as acoustic matching layers","authors":"B. Hadimioglu, B. Khuri-Yakub","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171581","url":null,"abstract":"Polymer films such as polyimide and Parylene were investigated as acoustic matching layers at frequencies in the 100-200-MHz range. Polyimide films were spin coated and Parylene films were vapor deposited on silicon and glass substrates, respectively. The impedance, velocity of sound, and acoustic attenuation of these films were measured. The curing temperature of the polyimide films was also varied to determine the dependence of the material properties on processing conditions. The impedances of these films were measured to be in the 2.7 to 3.7 Mrayl range. The measurements indicate that these films promise good transmission efficiencies between most liquids and especially low impedance solids such as silicon, glass, and quartz.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129901265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 42
Systematic study of acoustic surface modes and their acousto-optic coupling in LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ 林波/子3/和利陶/子3/的声表面模式及其声光耦合的系统研究
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171440
C. Flory, D. Dolfi, R. Trutna, R. Baer
{"title":"Systematic study of acoustic surface modes and their acousto-optic coupling in LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/","authors":"C. Flory, D. Dolfi, R. Trutna, R. Baer","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171440","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171440","url":null,"abstract":"A program that searches arbitrary cuts of a specified material for true and approximate acoustic surface mode solutions has been used to provide identification of the optimal acoustooptic cuts of LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ for integrated acoustooptic devices such as acoustooptic tunable filters. SAW (surface acoustic wave) and STW (surface transverse wave) modes have been analyzed on a class of cuts of LiNbO/sub 3/ and LiTaO/sub 3/ which maximize the material birefringence, minimizing the ultimate device size. This search has yielded ranges of orientations which show strong acoustooptic coupling to SAW modes, but has shown no useful STW solutions on these materials. In particular, the plotted results show that, for this restricted range of orientations, X-cut Y-propagating LiNbO/sub 3/ is a cut which has near-optimal acoustooptic power requirements and optimal electromechanical coupling.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129925464","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Backward ray tracing for ultrasonic imaging 超声成像的反向射线追踪
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171396
R. Breeuwer
{"title":"Backward ray tracing for ultrasonic imaging","authors":"R. Breeuwer","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171396","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171396","url":null,"abstract":"Focused ultrasonic beams frequently pass one or more media interfaces, strongly affecting the ultrasonic beamshape and focusing. A computer program, based on backward ray tracing was developed to compute the shape of a corrected focusing mirror. This shape is verified with another program; then the mirror is constructed by CNC (computerized numerical control) machining. The C/sup ++/ language gives a clear program structure with a toolkit of building blocks which can be applied to a wide range of problems.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130023289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Preliminary studies into high velocity transverse blood flow measurement 高速横向血流测量的初步研究
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171621
H. Routh, T. Pusateri, D. D. Waters
{"title":"Preliminary studies into high velocity transverse blood flow measurement","authors":"H. Routh, T. Pusateri, D. D. Waters","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171621","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171621","url":null,"abstract":"The design, fabrication and operation of a 4.5-MHz dual-beam probe capable of high-velocity blood flow measurement with a good lateral resolution is described. The authors describe an aluminum lens which is used to generate two adjacent focal spots at a focal length in the range of 30 mm to 80 mm, making it suitable for in vivo blood velocity measurements. The limits on the maximum velocity detectable with this system are dependent on the separation of the two spots and the pulse repetition frequency (PRF). A comparison between simulated PRFs and the measured lens characteristics at different focal lengths is discussed. A possible extension of the technique to three-dimensional velocity measurements is discussed.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128974232","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 22
A prototype scanner for ultrasonic echo tomography through skullbone 用于颅骨超声回波断层扫描的原型扫描仪
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171618
J. Ylitalo, Z. Qin, J. Koivukangas
{"title":"A prototype scanner for ultrasonic echo tomography through skullbone","authors":"J. Ylitalo, Z. Qin, J. Koivukangas","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171618","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171618","url":null,"abstract":"A prototype scanner for ultrasonic echo tomography of the head was developed. The system consists of a personal computer, a single 1-MHz wide-beam transducer, transmitting/receiving electronics, and a water bath with scanning mechanics. Only a single scan is needed for data acquisition. Therefore, the scanner has a scanning time of only about 3 s and a reconstruction time of about 5 s for a 90 degrees image. Two different reconstruction schemes can be used: the wavefront backward propagation algorithm (holographic approach) and the filtered backpropagation method (tomographic approach). Problems associated with in vivo imaging of the human head can be reduced with the method, which allows throughout the scan almost perpendicular transducer position of the skullbone. The results, especially in children, are encouraging and demonstrate the feasibility of the method for pediatric brain imaging.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130542737","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Ultrasonic in-situ measurement of the marine microlayer 海洋微层的超声原位测量
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171524
C. Cinbis, G. Despaux, L. Robert, C. Chou, B. Khuri-Yakub
{"title":"Ultrasonic in-situ measurement of the marine microlayer","authors":"C. Cinbis, G. Despaux, L. Robert, C. Chou, B. Khuri-Yakub","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171524","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171524","url":null,"abstract":"In-situ measurement techniques for the characterization of the marine microlayer have been developed. The approach is based on integrating ultrasonic measurements with a well-accepted microlayer sampler. The sampler is a rotating glass drum that collects the thin water film covering its surface. The film thickness varies in the range of 50-200 mu m for a drum rotation speed of 20 RPM. By attaching ultrasonic transducers on the inner surface of the drum, the thickness and viscosity of the film are measured. The viscosity of the liquid film over the drum is deduced from a measurement of the damping coefficient of the multiple echoes in the wall of the drum. The thickness of the film is related to the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid and to the rotation speed of the drum. Thus, the surface tension of the film is calculated.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132867023","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
An improved blood velocity estimator optimized for real-time ultrasound flow applications 一个改进的血液流速估计优化实时超声流应用
IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics Pub Date : 1990-12-04 DOI: 10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171609
M. Sturgill, R. H. Love, B. K. Herres
{"title":"An improved blood velocity estimator optimized for real-time ultrasound flow applications","authors":"M. Sturgill, R. H. Love, B. K. Herres","doi":"10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171609","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ULTSYM.1990.171609","url":null,"abstract":"An approach in which maximum entropy spectral estimation techniques are used was applied to color Doppler imaging systems with significant improvements in the results. In order to compare and contrast the performances of different frequency estimation algorithms used in color Doppler systems, eight criteria for color Dopper performance were derived from clinical application requirements. These are velocity range, frame rate, penetration, accuracy, velocity resolution, spatial resolution, sensitivity, and unresolved flow. The goal in choosing an estimation algorithm is to be robust in each of these eight areas. These criteria are used as a basis for contrasting the maximum entropy method (MEM) with other estimators. The theoretical development of the MEM algorithm and the simulation results are presented.<<ETX>>","PeriodicalId":412254,"journal":{"name":"IEEE Symposium on Ultrasonics","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1990-12-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132018898","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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