Journal of Modern Chinese History最新文献

{"title":"Uses of the concept of “class” in the Chinese communist revolution: a study of the land reform undertaken in the Chinese Soviet area led by Mao Zedong","authors":"Q. Meng","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2021.1934301","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2021.1934301","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT The period between 1927 and 1934 witnessed a waxing and waning of the Chinese Soviet revolution; one aspect of it was the social engineering campaigns, such as the Land Reform carried out in the Chinese Soviet Area. In it, the concept of class, originally an imported ideological and theoretical concept from pure Marxism, was applied to China’s local society. Correspondingly, the Chinese Soviet regime changed its approach to the Land Revolution (tudi geming), i.e. from “targeting local landlords and appropriating their wealth” to a set of procedures and routines centered on “holding mass meetings and designating class labels.” Established literature on the Land Revolution generally treats “class” as a certain criterion or a kind of objective social reality, based on which researchers tend to judge certain land reform policies as having been on a spectrum from “too radical” to “too conservative.” However, they largely ignore the details of the process through which a “class” concept was grafted onto China’s local society – both rural and urban. By taking stock of and analyzing historical records regarding the land revolution and class categorization in the Central Soviet Area, this article examines how “the class” evolved from such a purely theoretical concept to specific policies. By so doing, it drives home the importance of structural factors that are critical to our understanding of the internal logic of the Chinese Communist revolution.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"6 1","pages":"20 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80412119","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"An investigation of living standards and social structure of university faculty and staff during the Republic of China based on Tsinghua University","authors":"Bamboo Yunzhu Ren","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2021.1934294","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2021.1934294","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"9 1","pages":"136 - 137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87714442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balance and innovation: approaches to logic and the teaching of logic in the philosophy department of Peking University, 1916-1927","authors":"Jan Vrhovski","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2021.1965777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2021.1965777","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study lays out an overview of the main developments related to the teaching and expounding of logic at the Philosophy Department of Peking University, between the early years of the Republic and the year 1927, when the university was temporarily dissolved and reorganized into the Provisional Unified University of Peking. The objective here is to interconnect various (some not directly related) developments in the curricula that covered the teaching of logic. It describes not only the ebb and flow of general intellectual trends at Peking University but also the curricula’s place in the context of a broader discourse on logic, science, and philosophy that was rising in importance at the time. By providing a tentative picture of new intellectual trends, worldviews, and personal impacts, this study will try to show how curricular changes and views about logic were connected to changes in the engulfing intellectual climate. In particular, the focus will be on the interrelatedness of these changes with main events in contemporary new approaches worldwide to philosophy, culminating particularly in the visits of John Dewey and Bertrand Russell to the University (1919–1922), as well as a controversy over science and metaphysics, which flourished after those visits (1923).","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"11 20 1","pages":"55 - 77"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85724704","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Coming home to China: Margaret Woo’s story","authors":"S. Brazill, P. Munday","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2021.1965779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2021.1965779","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This study uses a historical approach that gives context to transnational and gender issues. It investigates how a second-generation Chinese-American woman negotiated her identity as she moved to China and then back to the United States. Margaret Woo (1912–1982) was born in China and emigrated to the U.S. with her mother in 1914. Her father, Woo Du Sing, had done so around 1882 and settled in Minneapolis, Minnesota, where he owned a restaurant. Du Sing was a classic sojourner: he had a house built in his Chinese home village and intended to retire there. He died in Minneapolis in 1935, however, and his family returned to China to bury his body there and to live in that house. As a young woman raised in America, Margaret disliked village life and left for nearby Canton to become a student at Lingnan University. She returned to the U.S. in late 1937 to escape the Japanese. This study is based on primary sources including interviews with Woo family members in China and the U.S., Margaret’s diary from her time in China, artifacts such as the Woo family house in Kaiping, and a collection of cheongsam (qipao) dresses owned by Margaret Woo, and Lingnan University records. Historiographic issues addressed include the so-called sojourner hypothesis, which does much to explain the transnational nature of early 20th century overseas Chinese, who built houses in their home villages; also taken up is the role of fashion in exemplifying Chinese feminism and modernity, and the assimilation of second-generation Chinese-American female immigrants into American life.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"11 1","pages":"104 - 128"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78492983","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The falling of a leaf tells the coming of autumn: historical events and figures in late Qing and early Republican China, by ZHANG Zhongmin, Shanghai, Shanghai People’s Publishing House, 2020, 331 pp., ISBN 978-7-208-16380-5","authors":"Yi Liu","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2021.2100140","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2021.2100140","url":null,"abstract":"Zhang Hairong’s book offers just such an account. In the end, what has to be pointed out is that this book, which is both a general characterization and in-depth exploration, is relatively short, namely 410 pages. This is attributed to the author’s excellent writing skills. But needless to say, there are some defects. For example, after the Wuxu Coup, the conservative forces fiercely counterattacked, and the Qing court’s ruling strategy shifted greatly from that of 1895, when the Reform had been launched. The officials evaded any new matters related to reform. However, in terms of this watershed, the book does not give much sustained discussion. Thus, in sum this work reveals the continuity between the Wuxu Reform and the New Policies Reform (1901–1910), but it cannot uncover how the Boxer Uprising, an anti-reform movement, emerged in the time between these.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"8 1","pages":"134 - 136"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2021-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90468211","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The mainstay of government finance: land tax and state revenue in the Qing (1730–1911)","authors":"Zhao Siyuan","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1829079","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1829079","url":null,"abstract":"In traditional China, land tax was always a large proportion of state revenue. During the Qing dynasty before 1850, land tax had accounted for more than 70 percent of the annual income of the gover...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"11 1","pages":"330-332"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-12-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74124013","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"“Soldiers with stiff bodies”: rumors, stereotypes and the Chinese image of the British army during the First Opium War (1839-1842)","authors":"Searle Alaric, Z. Yi","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1759307","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1759307","url":null,"abstract":"A curious aspect of the First Opium War was the circulation among Chinese officials of two claims made about British soldiers, instigated by Commissioner Lin Zexu: their uniforms were so tight that...","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"26 1","pages":"86-110"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74278888","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The quest for family revolution in late Qing and early Republican China 1895–1923","authors":"Nagatomi Hirayama","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1853421","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1853421","url":null,"abstract":"and the war to suppress it. As Jiangnan became the battlefield for the Taiping Army and the Qing Army, and the International Settlement in Shanghai became the only “safety island” in Jiangnan, gentry and merchants of the whole Jiangnan region flocked into Shanghai, bringing huge capital, abundant cheap labor, and an enormous buyer’s market. The International Settlement and French Concession thus underwent an almost magical change, quickly replacing the old county seat of Shanghai as the city center. The author therefore believes that there were two major “historical reasons” for the rise of Shanghai: one was the opening of Shanghai as a Treaty Port to the world, and the other was the civil war brought by the Taiping Rebellion. Chapter Six focuses on the two irreversible historical changes in the Jiangnan region caused by the Taiping Rebellion. First, the significant flows of the region’s local populations into Shanghai in the form of large-scale immigration. In line with this were the serious economic and social problems caused by the immigrants. Second, the traditional central cities in Jiangnan – Suzhou and Hangzhou – declined because of the war damage, while Shanghai quickly became prosperous and replaced them as the central city. Chapter Seven zooms out to study the modernization of major cities along the whole Yangtze River from a perspective of urban gangs from the late nineteenth to early twentieth century. The author examines the gangs in the upper, middle, and lower reaches of the river, centered in Chongqing, Wuhan and Shanghai, respectively, so as to point out that the rise and expansion of urban gangs was related to both the increase of the marginalized population and the disorder affecting urban social controls that went along with the modernization of major cities in the Yangtze River Valley. The appendix of this book includes three lectures and three interviews, which supplement and extend the main text. In one of the interviews, the author proposes that the study of Shanghai must take three views: a regional view, a national view, and a global one. This book is his attempt to examine Shanghai with a regional view. It mainly adopts a macroscopic approach, makes a convincing interpretation of the historic changes in Shanghai and Jiangnan in the modern age, and challenges the existing boundary between the history of Shanghai and the history of Jiangnan. Zhou Wu’s book has outlined a framework for us. Subsequently, further in-depth and detailed research will come through the joint efforts of the academic community.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"32 1","pages":"334 - 336"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72774056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Surviving Manchukuo: the economic struggles of ordinary people in urban Manchukuo from 1937–1945","authors":"Qiuna Li","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1845528","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1845528","url":null,"abstract":"ABSTRACT This article explores the colonial experiences of Chinese people in urban Manchukuo from 1937–1945. Previous studies on Manchukuo have been framed primarily from the top-down, with emphasis on the role of government elites and Japan’s military expansionism, rather than on the ordinary experiences within the puppet state. Drawing on Chinese-language sources, the present research considers the impact of material shortages in ordinary people’s lives. It highlights how obtaining access to goods under the constant pressure of scarcities heavily depended on the establishment of interpersonal relations. This study examines how survival strategies and behaviours were shaped under economic pressure. It argues that ordinary people who were not in a position of power were able to negotiate their own terms for survival under the framework of superficial compliance.","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"116 1","pages":"280 - 299"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85500740","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Creating the center by the periphery: Shanghai and Jiangnan in history","authors":"Zhiyang Feng","doi":"10.1080/17535654.2020.1829044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17535654.2020.1829044","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41223,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Modern Chinese History","volume":"95 1","pages":"333 - 334"},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2020-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90629395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}