从呼吸器到吴氏口罩:满洲鼠疫时期个人防护装备的变迁

IF 0.1 4区 历史学 Q4 HISTORY
Meng Zhang
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引用次数: 6

摘要

本文追溯个人防护装备的发展,以应对1910年的满洲瘟疫。它通过热带医学的语言和实践来做到这一点。当时出现的纱布和棉布制成的呼吸器,最早是由哈尔滨的中国医生集体设计的。然而,在1911年在奉天举行的国际瘟疫会议上,这种假面具被主要讲英语的医生重新命名为“奉天面具”,并作为西方的创新而被提出,而没有承认中国的贡献。从20世纪20年代开始,随着吴连德的权威越来越大,他不仅通过热带医学的本地化策略为口罩在流行病中的应用辩护,而且还收回了“九天口罩”的作者身份。这使得后世的医学史学家承认了“吴氏面具”的制作。在满洲瘟疫中诞生的个人防护装备因此成为了中国和西方之间不对称但动态的知识生产和流通的物理写照。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
From respirator to Wu’s mask: the transition of personal protective equipment in the Manchurian plague
ABSTRACT This article traces the development of personal protective equipment in response to the Manchurian plague of 1910. It does so by means of the language and practice of tropical medicine. The respirators (huxiqi) made of gauze and cotton that appeared at that time were first designed collectively by Chinese physicians in Harbin. However, such huxiqi were renamed “Mukden Masks” by the predominant English-speaking physicians at the International Plague Conference at Mukden in 1911 and presented as a Western innovation without acknowledging Chinese contributions. As Wu Liande gained more and more authority starting in the 1920s, he not only justified the application of masks in epidemics through a localized strategy of tropical medicine, but also reclaimed authorship of the Mukden mask. This allowed later generations of medical historians to acknowledge the making of “Wu’s mask” (Wushi kouzhao). The personal protective equipment born in the Manchurian plague thus became a physical portrayal of the asymmetric and yet dynamic knowledge-production and -circulation between China and the West.
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来源期刊
CiteScore
0.30
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460
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