Economics of Science最新文献

The Main Directions of State Policy in Ensuring Technological Sovereignty 确保技术主权的国家政策的主要方向

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-10-20

V. V. Ivanov

{"title":"The Main Directions of State Policy in Ensuring Technological Sovereignty","authors":"V. V. Ivanov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-10-20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-10-20","url":null,"abstract":"An analysis of the reforms in the scientific and technological complex and higher education system in Russia shows that the tasks assigned have been successfully achieved. However, in current conditions, the need for a new state-led scientific and technical strategy is evident. The main goals are to achieve technological sovereignty and transition the economy into a full cycle of innovation. The goal of this article is to identify new objectives and priorities for scientific and technological advancement to ensure technological sovereignty. Descriptive, comparative, and taxonomical methods are employed in the analysis. The paper identifies the main areas of government policy aimed at achieving technological sovereignty in Russia, and this constitutes the main finding. Additionally, it is essential to develop new objectives and strategies for scientific and technological growth. In fact, the new scientific and technological policy should include the following issues: organizing scientific research, developing innovative territories, integrating science and education, conducting scientific diplomacy, providing resource and legislative support, and measuring the effectiveness of the scientific-technological complex.","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"315 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751247","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Increasing the patent activity of higher education institutions: problems and prospects 提高高等教育机构的专利活动：问题与前景

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-66-81

A. G. Kopytov, S. V. Levkovich, I. Osinovskaya

引用次数: 0

The Role of Science in Socio-Economic Development 科学在社会经济发展中的作用

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-54-65

L. Kleeva

{"title":"The Role of Science in Socio-Economic Development","authors":"L. Kleeva","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-54-65","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-54-65","url":null,"abstract":"The article examines the reasons for the low innovative activity of domestic enterprises, taking into account the development of Russian science, which is still effective. The aim of the study is to identify ways to ensure a more active impact of research activities on the level of innovation and efficiency of social production, in order to improve the quality of life for the population and develop the social sphere. The originality of the approach used in this article lies in its application of methodological principles and conclusions drawn within the framework of the theory of organizational knowledge management. Specifically, the author draws on the classification of this knowledge management theory into non-formalized and formalized knowledge, and identifies four types of transformation: socialization, externalization, combination, and internalization. Additionally, the article concludes that a continuous and cyclical process is necessary for knowledge to pass through these four stages in a sequential manner. It has been concluded that one of the main reasons for the low innovation activity in our country and the low efficiency of our social production is due to the linear nature of the scientific and innovative process in Russia. This is because there is a lack of feedback between the real economy and society and the field of research and development (R&D). In other words, there is an inefficiency in the process of internalizing knowledge within the domestic economy, and the externalization phase is almost completely absent. Therefore, ensuring the fullness and continuity of this process, based on four sequential types of knowledge transformations, can lead to an intensification of innovation in Russia and an increase in efficiency in the functioning of our domestic economy and society. This in turn would contribute to improving the quality of life for our population.","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"40 35","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752318","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

On the formation of Novosibirsk Academgorodok – the center of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of sciences: achievements and omissions 新西伯利亚科学院--俄罗斯科学院西伯利亚分院中心的成立：成就与缺失

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-21-40

A. G. Aganbegyan

{"title":"On the formation of Novosibirsk Academgorodok – the center of the Siberian branch of the Russian academy of sciences: achievements and omissions","authors":"A. G. Aganbegyan","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-21-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-21-40","url":null,"abstract":"In an article dedicated to the anniversary of the Russian Academy of Sciences, RAS academician Abel Aganbegyan describes the history of the creation of the Novosibirsk Akademgorodok (Eng. Academic City). As an active participant in this process, he argues that the Akademgorodok had an important role in the development of science and education in Russia. The Akademgorodok integrated the development and interaction of different areas of fundamental science, focusing on the on breakthrough areas. It also integrated science with higher education and pre-university programs, and promoted innovative development based on scientific findings. However, achieving these goals proved challenging, requiring a significant amount of effort from scientists and the government. Despite these difficulties, the Akademgorodok has become one of Russia’s leading scientific centers, with an international reputation. The author emphasizes that, although there have been successes in the development of science, there have also been omissions. For example, there has not been enough attention paid to the commercialization of scientific discoveries and the introduction of new technologies into production. As a result, many scientific advances have not found practical applications.","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"32 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

“Economics of technology” as a direction of science: retrospective and perspective 作为科学发展方向的 "技术经济学"：回顾与展望

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2024-04-02 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2024-10-1-41-53

O. Sukharev

引用次数: 0

Transformation of the educational paradigm in the context of the formation of academic leadership and the development of transprofessionalism 在培养学术带头人和发展跨专业精神的背景下转变教育范式

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-8-17

K. V. Vodenko

{"title":"Transformation of the educational paradigm in the context of the formation of academic leadership and the development of transprofessionalism","authors":"K. V. Vodenko","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-8-17","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-8-17","url":null,"abstract":"The study substantiates the need to change educational paradigms in accordance with the new challenges of the time and the emergence of the phenomenon of academic leadership and the advent of the era of transprofessionals. The purpose of this work is related to the study of the phenomena of academic leadership and transprofessionalism, their role in the development of the modern educational paradigm. The article analyzes mainly the university sector, in which the development of academic leadership and transprofessionalism is taking place. The results obtained allow us to identify the main directions of development of the existing education system and the role of academic leadership and transprofessionalism in it. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the totality of the results obtained, revealing the features of academic leadership and transprofessionalism, their influence on the change of educational paradigms. It is concluded that academic leadership can be achieved subject to both the introduction of innovative technologies into the educational process and the implementation of a set of measures aimed at preserving the fundamental knowledge that a graduate must master. Therefore, it is necessary to consider academic leadership in the context of the strategic perspective of maintaining Russia’s status as the largest scientific power in the modern world. The phenomenon of transprofessionalism acts as an adequate response from the point of view of leading educational institutions to the challenges of technological change characteristic of the modern era","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"56 19","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138949708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

National Center of Physics and Mathematics – a new form of organization of science 国家物理和数学中心--一种新的科学组织形式

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-41-50

D. Baydarov, D. Y. Faikov

{"title":"National Center of Physics and Mathematics – a new form of organization of science","authors":"D. Baydarov, D. Y. Faikov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-41-50","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-41-50","url":null,"abstract":"The article deals with the problem of activating fundamental scientific activity in the Russian Federation by combining the efforts of various scientific institutes – institutions of the Academy of Sciences, universities, industry and corporate science within the framework of the National Center for Physics and Mathematics (NCPM). The purpose of the article is to identify institutional features and substantiate promising organizational tasks of the NCFM, the main research methods are institutional, normative, comparative analysis. Institutionally, the NCPM will make it possible to get away from the existing division of science along departmental lines and related problems. It is proved that the use of the organizational “CERN model” in the NCPM will be able to attract a wide range of scientists from various Russian and, in the future, foreign organizations, will help the formation of a collaboration for conducting experiments and research at scientific installations of the “megasience” class. This will make it possible to form and work out a national model of the mobility of scientists. The territorial and personnel aspects of the NCFM are considered, measures are proposed to expand the types of activities, to activate the influx of students and postgraduates for subsequent work in scientific and knowledge-intensive industrial organizations, to reflect the peculiarities of the development of the territory of the NCFM location in strategic documents of various levels. Conclusions are drawn about the positive impact of the activities of the NCPM on socio-economic processes; about new opportunities for diversification of the military-industrial complex associated with the development of fundamental science; about accelerating the formation of a system of technological transfer; contributing to the organization of the system of strategic planning and scientific and technical forecasting in the country","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"47 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138952406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Shared funding of R&D in small and medium-sized innovative enterprises: the case of Chinese biomedical industry 中小型创新企业的研发共享资金：中国生物医药产业案例

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-51-60

Y. Sun

引用次数: 0

Changes in the labor market with the introduction of scientific and technological innovations into the economy (foreign and domestic experience) 劳动力市场随着经济引入科技创新而发生的变化（国外和国内经验）

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-18-31

V. V. Erokhin

{"title":"Changes in the labor market with the introduction of scientific and technological innovations into the economy (foreign and domestic experience)","authors":"V. V. Erokhin","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-18-31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-18-31","url":null,"abstract":"The article presents the impact of scientific and technological innovations on the industrial structure of the tradable sector of the economy. The analysis of economic data was carried out on the basis of the VAR model by Christopher Albert Sims for 15 developed countries with open economies and without a sanction’s regime, including the Russian Federation, for the period 1995…2013. Research has shown that the greater the continuous growth of total factor productivity (TFP) in the tradable sector of the economy compared to growth in the non-tradable sector, the more labor resources move from the tradable sector to the non-tradable sector of the economy, which has a stimulating effect on the share of labor income in both sectors of the economy. A model of the influence of scientific and technological innovations on the labor market in the tradable sector of the economy has been developed. The model allows for a state with an open economy and taking into account cross-country dispersion of redistribution effects to calculate factor technological changes. The model predicts the most accurate results for states where capital-intensive industries make a greater contribution to the increase in total factor productivity of the trade sector of the economy, i. e. for states in which capital increases in relation to labor efficiency.","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"52 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138951562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Effective management of science development as a whole: approaches to the topic 科学发展的有效整体管理：专题方法

Economics of Science Pub Date : 2023-12-21 DOI: 10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-32-40

I. E. Selezneva, Yu. V. Sidel`nikov

{"title":"Effective management of science development as a whole: approaches to the topic","authors":"I. E. Selezneva, Yu. V. Sidel`nikov","doi":"10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-32-40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22394/2410-132x-2023-9-4-32-40","url":null,"abstract":"The paper examines the issues of managing the science development as a whole. The purpose of the study is to increase the efficiency of management of the development of science by identifying factors that contribute to or hinder the development of science as a whole and to consider approaches to assessing the level of development of science. The article suggests approaches to this topic, which are expressed in the consideration of science as a whole, as well as in an attempt to approach the construction of a model that allows taking into account the intensity of the influence of the whole set of factors on the development or inhibition of science as a whole. For this purpose, the following factors were identified and systematized, those that: always contribute to the development of science as a whole; always inhibit the development (hinder the development) of science as a whole; as well as those that both slow down and accelerate the development of science.For this reason, some of the factors have been identified that: always contributing to the development of science as a whole; always hindering the development of science as a whole; both hindering and accelerating the development of science. The systematization of these factors has been carried out. A statement of the research goal is proposed and, based on its decomposition, five tasks are set. Some shortcomings of modern methods and techniques of monitoring, evaluating the progress of scientific research and determining the level of development of science, based on scientometric indicators, are indicated. An approach is proposed to assess the level of science development depending on the time period under consideration, external conditions and the intensity of the factors influence on the development or inhibition of science as a whole","PeriodicalId":411993,"journal":{"name":"Economics of Science","volume":"62 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138950475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0