Irish Economic and Social History最新文献

{"title":"Book review: Envoy Extraordinary: Professor Smiddy of Cork","authors":"Graham Brownlow","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995n","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995n","url":null,"abstract":"highlighted as potential sources for genealogical research. Another fascinating insight into real lives lived is a vignette taken from the London Gazette dated 24 April 1679. A Scottish minister called Lawry from Fermanagh was pardoned for killing three notorious ‘Tories’. Allegedly, Lawry was almost shot in the incident but avoided injury as one of his accomplices managed to chop the hand off of the person aiming at him (p. 200). Similarly, Roulston’s description of the annotations of election poll books indicates the rich spoils for those willing to engage in such detailed research. For example, in the 1753 Armagh poll book, Robert Jones was objected to for ‘being seen at mass and giving offerings to the priests’ (p. 180). Perhaps the greatest addition to this updated version of Roulston’s guide is chapter thirteen, which explains how families can delve into records concerning emigration from Ulster. As Roulston admits, there is a significant dearth of evidence as, until 1890, no official attempt was made to record the names of those who left Ireland. Nonetheless, there are places where some information might be found. A section on background reading suggests useful avenues for readers to explore to understand the broader context. A further section details how contemporary newspapers like the Belfast News-Letter occasionally printed letters by passengers expressing their gratitude to various captains for bringing them to America safely. Roulston also suggests that some evidence may be contained in leases and petitions to landlords as often they contain references to tenants about to emigrate or name people that have already left the estate. While this may seem like an exercise in finding a needle in a haystack, the task appears much more manageable thanks to Roulston’s handy appendix that details the most prominent estate collections that concern Ulster landlords. Any amateur genealogist or local historian of Ulster will find this book immensely valuable. It provides a key to unlock the treasure trove contained in the Irish archival record. If any criticism can be made of the book it is that it slightly undersells itself. Although Researching Ulster Ancestors is specifically tailored towards research about Ulster, any genealogist, undergraduate or new postgraduate student would find this book a useful introduction into many of Ireland’s key archives. Those seeking inspiration for potential final-year undergraduate or postgraduate dissertation topics could find some ideas perusing these pages indicating the breadth and depth of Roulston’s expertise and work. In short, this is an excellent work that will prove invaluable to future generations of family historians eager to understand their Ulster roots and budding historians about to embark on their research careers.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995n","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49078654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Raising Dublin, Raising Ireland: A Friar’s Campaign. Father John Spratt, O. Carm. (1796–1871)","authors":"C. McCabe","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995c","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995c","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995c","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46052848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Church and Settlement in Ireland","authors":"Elizabeth Boyle","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995h","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995h","url":null,"abstract":"teeth of the child skeletons exhibit both subtle and substantial marks of disease, malnutrition and trauma, and the manner in which they were buried has exposed how they were cared for in death’ (p. 86). Famine orphans in Canada are the focus of three essays in the book. Mark G. McGowan’s essay challenges the rose-tinted view of French-Canadian families adopting these children and welcoming them into their homes. A study of 619 Famine orphans who arrived at Quebec City suggests that many ‘children were essentially in a semiindentured service to the families in which they were placed’ and wanted to leave ‘their placements as soon as possible in order to secure independence or reunite with extended family members elsewhere’ in North America (pp. 96–7). An essay by Jason King demonstrates ‘the magnitude of distress that separated families suffer during migration crises’ (p. 136). King traces the efforts made by Famine orphan Robert Walsh to find his baby sister who had been left behind in Ireland when their family migrated across the Atlantic. Walsh became an orphan at the age of seven after his parents and younger brother died in the fever sheds of Grosse Île, Quebec. He was taken in by a caring French-Canadian family, and, unusually for a Famine orphan, he received a good education and became a priest. He travelled to Ireland in 1871–2 in hopes of fulfilling his dream of finding his long-lost sister. Lacking accurate information about his family’s origins, he searched in the wrong part of Ireland and found no trace of her. Distraught, he returned to Canada and died at the age of 33, having ‘succumbed to complications of typhus from which he had not fully recovered’ as a migrant child (p. 133). Koral LaVorgna’s essay examines the short-lived Emigrant Orphan Asylum in Saint John, New Brunswick, which was established in response to the high number of parentless children among Irish immigrants arriving in the late 1840s. The asylum, which operated for two years from 1847 to 1849, sought ‘to rescue destitute and orphaned children from the dangers of idleness’ and educate them (p. 153). The asylum closed once the Famine-driven crisis subsided, with the remaining twenty-three children transferred to the almshouse. As these examples show, this essay collection provides an illuminating and often harrowing introduction to the ways in which children experienced the Great Hunger and how these experiences have been remembered.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995h","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43975046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Economic and Social History Society of Ireland: Secretary’s Report for the Year 2019","authors":"Rebecca Stuart","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969229","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969229","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969229","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41932708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: The Archives of the Valuation of Ireland, 1830–65","authors":"W. Roulston","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995j","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995j","url":null,"abstract":"badly received decision away. In chapters nine and ten, Australia’s engagement with Irish politics is explored, both in relation to views on Home Rule and also the experiences of Irish politicians who undertook speaking tours of Australia. Malcolm and Hall conclude the book with an epilogue on Irish Australia in the twenty-first century. They bring together many of the themes of the book by discussing Irish-Australian jokes. It seems that the same tropes and stereotypes always find their way back into public discourse. Throughout A New History of the Irish in Australia, Malcolm and Hall emphasise the work still to be done on the Irish in Australia while demonstrating how research into the Irish diaspora elsewhere can be used to make wider arguments about Ireland and transnational connections. At times, the emphasis on individual stories threatens the overall chapter arguments, making it feel like a collection of anecdotes. Where O’Farrell extrapolated the experiences of a few to the many, Malcolm and Hall go the other direction, particularly in the first section. However, this may be required to emphasise the heterogeneous nature of ‘the Irish in Australia’. Their wide sweep approach to those of Irish ancestry or birth, bringing together Catholic and Protestant, imperialists and republicans, and those living in urban centres and rural areas, emphasises the very problems which exist in talking about ‘the Irish in Australia’. This book stresses the mixed nature of the Irish diaspora and further expands our knowledge of Irish communities outside the United States and United Kingdom. It is therefore an important addition to the literature on both Ireland and Australia.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995j","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43151031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: Early Modern Ireland: New Sources, Methods, and Perspectives","authors":"B. Cunningham","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995b","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995b","url":null,"abstract":"forensic examination of the subject. Oddly, Murray’s presence on Whately’s commission goes unmentioned by Morrissey, and more could have been made of the Catholic archbishop’s views on poverty and welfare through the sources that the author does engage with – Murray’s personal papers, his published sermons and newspaper articles of his public utterances, typically delivered at annual meetings of charitable societies. Perhaps the chronological structure to Morrissey’s book does not lend itself to an exploration of certain themes, whereas, for instance, Boylan’s thematic structure allows her to devote two of her fourteen chapters to her subject’s chairmanship of the Poor Inquiry and his wider views on poverty. Boylan makes good use of Whately’s 1835 sermon Christ’s Example, delivered in aid of Dr Steevens’s Hospital in Dublin, which captures his application of principles of political economy to matters of social concern. Whately loathed – as did his intellectual guide, Thomas Malthus – indiscriminate almsgiving and found legitimation for his opposition to the relief of the able-bodied poor in scripture: Christ relieved the hungry multitudes only twice and refused a third time because, in Whately’s words, indiscriminately and continually relieving the poor would ‘have been the means of drawing off the greater part of the population in those countries from their ordinary employments by which they gained their bread, when they found bread provided for them, by miracle, without any labour on their part’ (Boylan, p. 161). The Church of Scotland minister and social commentator Thomas Chalmers also drew on the parable of the Loaves and Fishes to suggest that two millennia before the writings of Thomas Malthus, Christ imposed principles of political economy in the Galilea! A joint reading of these two excellent biographies reveals moderation and steadfastness – both in their personal relationships and in their wider public roles – as being key themes in the lives of Daniel Murray and Richard Whately. The approach taken by these two important nineteenth-century prelates in their dealings with more zealous and radical internal opponents was aptly captured by Whately: ‘to me it appears that true Christianity is a very quiet and deliberate religion. It keeps the steam acting on the wheels, instead of noisily whizzing out at the safety valve’ (Boylan, p. 83).","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995b","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48999900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: The Life and Career of Archbishop Richard Whately: Ireland, Religion and Reform, The Life and Times of Daniel Murray, Archbishop of Dublin 1823–1852","authors":"C. McCabe","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995a","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995a","url":null,"abstract":"bishops of Dublin and Armagh respectively was extremely limited indeed. It was not the case in the Pale, as Booker mistakenly states, that most beneficed clergy employed curates (p. 118); rather that the holders of the revenues of impropriated benefices, mostly religious houses, commonly employed stipendiary priests rather than vicars to serve the cure of souls – and this reviewer showed several years ago that the overwhelming majority of the stipendiary parish priests of County Louth in the early sixteenth century were Irish, a number of them from clerical families from Ulster. There was, of course, a very small number of Irish clergy who secured middleranking positions in the administration of the Church in the Pale (such as Cormac Roth of Armagh who, again, was long known to have been Irish), but like their secular counterparts they were exceptional. Hence, the status of Irish priests within the Church in the Pale generally mirrored that accorded to the Irish population in the wider community, and if Church played a positive role in interethnic relations within the Pale, the work of Murray, in particular, suggests that it was nothing as positive as that ascribed to it by Booker. This book concludes with the observation that ‘the region [of the Pale] and its English inhabitants were profoundly influenced by Irish culture and Irish people, who in turn were shaped by their time in the colony’ (p. 249). The Irish were disproportionately represented in the poorer segments of society, but an exceptional minority managed to become wealthy despite a raft of anti-Irish legislation intended to copper-fasten the privileges of the colonial community at the expense of the indigenous population. The irony is that when English identity was redefined on the basis of Protestantism during the Tudor reformations, the old colonial community in Ireland found itself victimised alongside the indigenous community by new anti-Irish legislation framed to copperfasten Protestant privilege at the expense of Catholics.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995a","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46001076","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Centuries of Irish Childhoods","authors":"Marnie Hay","doi":"10.1177/0332489320950077","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320950077","url":null,"abstract":"This article serves as an introduction to a special issue of Irish Economic and Social History (Volume 47) that illuminates the diversity of childhoods experienced by children growing up in Ireland and in the Irish diaspora between the mid sixteenth and the early twentieth centuries. The article explores the development of the history of children and childhood in Ireland as a growing area of academic enquiry and discusses the problems and challenges associated with studying children and childhood in the past. It also contextualises the articles included in the special issue of the journal, which demonstrate how age, class, gender, geography, religion and ethnicity combined with adult control to influence the lives of children ranging from infancy to early adolescence. Adult control was reflected in decisions made regarding the feeding, fostering, educating, employing, entertaining and punishing of children. Such decisions could have lifelong consequences for the children concerned. This introductory article highlights the central role of adults in influencing, controlling and representing children’s lives but also provides insight into the diverse experiences of Irish childhoods during five centuries.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320950077","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46534883","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: The Colonial World of Richard Boyle, First Earl of Cork","authors":"E. Darcy","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995e","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995e","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995e","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49627126","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Book review: The Irish Presbyterian Mind: Conservative Theology, Evangelical Experience, and Modern Criticism, 1830–1930","authors":"Daniel E. Ritchie","doi":"10.1177/0332489320969995f","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0332489320969995f","url":null,"abstract":"therefore, offers a welcome injection that will reinvigorate debates about Boyle. Fenlon’s account of Boyle splurging on new clothes and his subsequent obsessive fascination with his spending (pp. 158–9) offers another (entertaining) reminder of Boyle’s parsimoniousness and his desire to promote English ‘manners’ and ‘fashions’ in Ireland. Furthermore, the significance of Boyle’s life to other contexts has been highlighted. Horning’s and Edwards’s chapters on the wider colonial context offer nuanced discussions that will contribute to broader debates about colonialism in the seventeenth-century Atlantic World. As in any edited collection of essays, the quality across the chapters varies, as does the individual authors’ approach. Some chapters place greater emphasis on describing the evidence in Boyle’s archive (thereby revealing the potential of future research), while others attempt to engage more explicitly with the key debates. As a result, some of the chapters suggest that more work needs to be done, indicating the tentative nature of some of the conclusions. It is a pity that there is a lack of dedicated discussion of Boyle’s faith or his promotion of Protestantism. Nonetheless, this book highlights the richness of Boyle’s archive in the National Library of Ireland and Chatsworth House in Derbyshire. Thus, The Colonial World of Richard Boyle sets the agenda for, and suggests the potential spoils of, future research not just on Boyle but also on seventeenth-century Irish society and economy and its place in the wider Atlantic World.","PeriodicalId":41191,"journal":{"name":"Irish Economic and Social History","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.6,"publicationDate":"2020-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1177/0332489320969995f","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42083625","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}