Buddhist-Christian Studies最新文献

{"title":"Earthing The Cosmic Christ of Ephesians: The Universe, Trinity, & Zhiyi's Threefold Truth by John P. Keenan (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907585","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907585","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Earthing The Cosmic Christ of Ephesians: The Universe, Trinity, & Zhiyi's Threefold Truth by John P. Keenan Kristin Beise Kiblinger EARTHING THE COSMIC CHRIST Of EPHESIANS: THE UNIVERSE, TRINITY, & ZHIYI'S THREEfOLD TRUTH, Vol. 1. By John P. Keenan. Eugene, OR: Wipf & Stock, 2021. 247 pp. John P. Keenan, an Episcopal priest and professor emeritus of religion at Middlebury College with expertise in Buddhism and a prolific comparative theologian, has expanded his corpus of Mahāyāna readings of New Testament texts with a new commentary on Ephesians. This book is the first of what will be multiple volumes. It introduces Ephesians, the letter's context, the Tiantai Buddhist Zhiyi, and Keenan's own approach before considering Ephesians 1:1–2, the letter's greeting. Keenan concludes this initial volume by looking ahead to the Berakah blessing that follows the greeting and comprises 1:3–14, which will be addressed in volume 2 along with the Hoyadot prayer of 1:15–23. A brief glossary of Buddhist terms and an extensive bibliography are also included, but there is no index. Justifying the focus on Ephesians, Keenan explains that although Ephesians is heavily used in Christian communities liturgically, it puzzles modern readers with its outdated cosmology (i.e., it pictures the earth at the center of the cosmos, Christ above, and demonic powers hovering). Many of the letter's social norms and attitudes (such as slavery, patriarchy, misogyny, views toward Jews and Judaism, and religious sectarianism) also pose a challenge. Keenan asserts that he fills a gap in the scholarship because many studies of Ephesians thus far fail to discuss these issues. Those familiar with Keenan's work will know that he insists on viewing the Christian tradition from the perspective of the \"global theological commons,\" and to do that, he well utilizes his extensive background in Buddhism. In particular, in this book, Keenan draws from the teachings of Chinese master Zhiyi (538–597) [End Page 282] and his \"threefold truth\" from the Moho zhiguan (Clear Serenity, Quiet Insight), a compendium that ranks and synthesizes Buddhist teachings, giving the Lotus Sutra pride of place. The \"threefold truth\" will not only \"mirror\" and \"illuminate\" the trinitarian thinking of Ephesians, according to Keenan, but in addition, Keenan sees this truth as an \"all-encompassing\" hermeneutic of emptiness (5). A hermeneutic of emptiness, according to Keenan, relentlessly cautions us against thinking that ultimate truth can be captured through human language and concepts or that God can be fully knowable. It is only after we empty the ontological language that the Christian tradition has used that we can glean wisdom from conventional speech and be open to the benefits of an interfaith perspective. Keenan posits that \"the hermeneutic of emptying doctrine … is applicable well beyond its homeland in India and China\" and that \"our most cherished scriptures and theologies can be explicative of re","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"126 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798287","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Nirvana Controversy: A Comparison of the Pelagian Controversy and Buddhist Views of Liberation","authors":"Lee Clarke","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907574","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907574","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: The debate between St. Augustine of Hippo and the British monk Pelagius is a famous event in the history of Christianity. While Pelagius emphasized the idea that we could achieve salvation via our own free effort, Augustine argued for the opposite: That due to original sin, humans are unable to reach liberation alone and must be saved by God's grace. Augustine won the debate, and the doctrine of original sin became a key theological cornerstone of Western Christianity. What is less well known is that two philosophical positions within the Buddhist tradition corresponded to this debate. One from the Buddha Shakyamuni himself, who taught that all could attain nirvana freely, and one from the medieval Japanese monk and philosopher Shinran, who, disagreeing with his master, taught that we live in a fallen era. We are unable to achieve enlightenment ourselves and thus must rely on the saving grace of Amida Buddha to transport us to a place where the goal is achievable. This paper seeks to highlight these similarities between these two debates and, in the process, show that the philosophical issue of free will versus determinism is one that crosses the boundaries of Eastern and Western thought. It is hoped that the revelation of such a shared debate will increase understanding between Christianity and Buddhism, as well as between other diverse traditions of thought.","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ascent to the Immaterial? Cosmology, Contemplation and the Self","authors":"Stephanie Cloete","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907572","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907572","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: In Kephalaia Gnostika , the third part of his great trilogy on the ascetic and contemplative life, the early Christian desert monk Evagrios of Pontus made a statement that resonates with the story told by the Buddha in the Aggañña Sutta . Evagrios declared that there had been a time when evil did not exist, and from this premise, he extrapolated that there will come a time when evil will not exist anymore. Both Evagrios and the Buddha, it seems, were essentially optimistic in their teaching, convinced that despite being subject to a \"fall,\" human beings have agency and can work toward establishing virtue in their lives and experiencing the fruits of this labor. In order to do this, a sophisticated understanding of how the mind works is key, and the two teachers, within the lineaments of the thought worlds of their respective backgrounds, explore what contemplation and meditation offer to this end. They also discuss other qualities that contribute to the development of a \"gentle warrior,\" a character recognizable in both traditions and notable for the level to which they have erased subjectivity and their dedication to the achievement of good outcomes. Evidence can be found in both Buddhist and Christian writings of the recognition of correlations between the structure of the cosmos and spiritual or religious experience.","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Early Chinese Migrant Religious Identities in Pre-1947 Canada","authors":"Alison R. Marshall","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907581","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907581","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: Religion for many of Canada's earliest Chinese community was not about faith or belief in God, the Buddha, or the Goddess of Compassion (Guanyin). While the majority of Chinese migrants did not convert to Christianity or Buddhism before 1947, a very large number of them joined and became converted to Chinese nationalism (Zhongguo guomindang, aka KMT). This paper reflects on the findings of sixteen years of ethnographic and archival research to understand how sixty-two years of institutionalized racism in Canada, along with bioregionalism and the built environment, determined Chinese migrant religious identities and behaviors in Canada up to 1947. Different Canadian provinces not only had different race-based laws that restricted individual rights and freedoms, they also had varying bioregional characteristics that influenced experiences and interactions with the built environments of churches, temples, and clubhouses. Chinese migrants adapted to legislation that limited their personal rights and freedoms by being efficacious or ling by professing Christian identities in public settings. They might have made offerings to Buddhist deities and frequented Buddhist temples in their home village before migration. But in Canada, being Buddhist was associated with being Japanese, and it was efficacious to be a practicing Buddhist in private. For Canada's Chinese migrants, it was conversion to Chinese nationalism and the veneration of Sun Yat-sen that was the epitome of ling . Being a devoted member met important practical as well as spiritual needs.","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798547","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Jesus in the Hands of Buddha: The Life and Legacy of Shigeto Vincent Oshida, O.P. by Lucien Miller (review)","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907586","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907586","url":null,"abstract":"Reviewed by: Jesus in the Hands of Buddha: The Life and Legacy of Shigeto Vincent Oshida, O.P. by Lucien Miller James Bretzke JESUS IN THE HANDS Of BUDDHA: THE LIfE AND LEGACY Of SHIGETO VINCENT OSHIDA, O.P. By Lucien Miller. Foreword by Timothy Radcliffe, O.P. Collegeville: Liturgical Press, 2023. xx + 195 pp. $24.95 paperback, $22.90 eBook. ISBN 9780814668672-6867. eISBN: 9780814668689-E6868. This is an intriguing but difficult book to review. It is part memoir, part biography, part theological reflection, and part narrative of some of Oshida's Zen-inspired Christian retreats. The author has a doctorate in comparative literature from the University of California, Berkeley, and he taught at the University of Massachusetts, Amherst. He spent several sabbaticals in East Asia and India, and has also served as a deacon and spiritual director at the Newman Catholic Student Center. All of that background is clearly intertwined with his presentation of Fr. Oshida, a Japanese Dominican who, in turn, has frequently been described as a person with \"a double religious identity\"—a Zen Buddhist cultural background by birth and a Dominican priest by choice. Miller recounts that Oshida described his decision to become a Catholic, echoing Jeremiah 20:7, \"by a trick of God.\" Oshida became a Catholic because he assumed [End Page 284] that all Christians must be Catholics. Fr. Herman Heuvers, SJ, former president of the Jesuit Sophia University in Tokyo, led Oshida into the Church in 1943, shortly before being drafted into the Japanese army. Of course, he quickly discovered this was not the case, yet neither he nor God let go of each other. Though he lived a relatively long life, Oshida was often troubled by long-standing tuberculosis and other related illnesses. He had been able to travel widely and converse easily in French and English, along with his native Japanese. One of his most important accomplishments was the acquisition of the land and the opening of the Takamori Soan (Hermitage and International Community) in the \"Japanese Alps\" of the Nagano Prefecture. One might think there would be many contradictions between Zen Buddhism and Christianity, and yet, Oshida held these all together in his own life and approach to spirituality. Key for him was the concept of madoi [円居] or \"living friendship circle\" that animated his life and apostolate as a Zen-infused Catholic hermit, which he experienced as an ongoing tension. Reading Miller's account of Oshida brought to my mind the character Otsu in Shusaku Endo's Deep River—a man not really at \"home\" in either Asian Japan or Western Christianity but nevertheless imbued with all of these inherent apparent contradictions. A good deal of Miller's account is given over to providing a summary of the Sesshin or week-long retreats that Oshida gave in various places around the world. Miller attended a few of these held near the Trappist Spencer Abbey in Massachusetts and gives us a good recollection of the various talks th","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The World and the Desert: A Comparative Perspective on the \"Apocalypse\" between Buddhism and Christianity","authors":"Federico Divino, Andrea Di Lenardo","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907576","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907576","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: In this essay, the concept of apocalypse, understood as the \"end of the world,\" will be examined within the context of ancient Buddhism and Christianity. The study will focus on the genealogy and use of expressions such as lokanta, lokassa anta ṃ, and lokassa atthaṅgama , as found in the Pāli canon of Buddhism, going on to compare them with Jewish, as well as early Christian, apocalyptic literature, including the Dead Sea Scrolls, the Epistles of James and Jude, and the Gospels. The goal of this article is to identify points of convergence in the history of these two concepts of apocalypse, foregrounding the central role within both traditions of analogous socio-cultural circumstances that were actually more influential than their respective doctrinal visions. The essay will argue how the ascetic character of early Buddhism and Christianity, reflecting their opposition to the surrounding social order, contributed to the emergence of similar apocalyptic visions.","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798291","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Graduate Student Member Spotlights Blog for SBCS: Chera Jo Watts","authors":"Chera Jo Watts","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907587","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907587","url":null,"abstract":"Graduate Student Member Spotlights Blog for SBCS:Chera Jo Watts Chera Jo Watts My name is Chera Jo Watts, and I am a first-year doctoral student at the University of Georgia in the Department of Religion and Institute for African American Studies. I am a mother, writer, gardener, yoga practitioner, and artist striving toward what Darlene Clark Hines labels a \"Black Studies Mindset.\" As a first-generation college graduate from a poverty-class background, my degrees include a Bachelor of Science in Psychology, a Master of Arts in Religion, and a Graduate Certificate in African American Studies from the University of Georgia. My broad research interests include African American women's religion and literature, focusing primarily on Womanism, and bridging the gap between the Academy and the everyday. I assert that we have much to learn from our ancestors and from each other while living and operating in what Black Buddhist bell hooks labels an imperialist white supremacist capitalist cispatriarchy. These teachings facilitate personal and communal healing as we continuously dismantle white supremacy in the tangible ways we can from the spaces that we occupy. Also, I currently serve as the Graduate Teaching Assistant in the Institute for African American Studies at the University of Georgia. Within SBCS, I am a graduate student member, and I strongly encourage other graduate students to consider membership in this organization. This community consists of imaginative and generous scholars, and you could make numerous international connections within the field of religious studies (along with other disciplines). As the current Executive Associate for Digital Services, I currently support the Society in a professional role through web updates, monitoring email, and various tasks as instructed by the governing board. How do your research interests relate to the SBCS? What are you working on at the moment? I am currently learning from published Womanists-Buddhists, and SBCS has published several journal articles focused on this thread of Womanist thought and scholarship (especially see Volumes 34, 2014, and 36, 2016). I am grateful to be in conversation with these folks through their work. In May 2022, I finished my Master's Thesis (published in ProQuest) under the direction of Dr. Carolyn Jones Medine. My thesis focuses on Womanist Buddhist thought in the works of Alice Walker while paying special attention to her first novel, The Third Life of Grange Copeland, and then tracing the importance of her Buddhist practice across other works, such as essays and poetry. My first peer-reviewed journal [End Page 273] article was also published in 2022. Reading between the Times: An Ongoing Womanist Buddhist Project may be accessed online through MDPI, and it was included as part of a Special Edition of the journal which focused on spirituality, identity, and resistance in African American literature. At the moment, I have a few journal articles in process which ext","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798544","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Bright Guardians of the Way and the World: Penthos and Hiri-Ottappa","authors":"Shodhin K. Geiman","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907575","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907575","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: The purpose of this paper is to draw attention to a fundamental, yet frequently over-looked, component of Christian contemplative and Buddhist meditative practice: the cultivation of shame in the face of one's lapses of body, speech, and mind. In this Christian tradition, this is called penthos , or compunction; in the Buddhist sutras and subsequent commentarial literature, it is referred to as hiri-ottappa , or moral shame and moral dread. According to both Evagrius of Pontus and many in the early Buddhist tradition, no progress can be made along the spiritual path as long as one has not squarely recognized—and openly admitted to—such failings. In a cultural context in which contemplative prayer and meditation are cast either as exercises in self-affirmation or as propaedeutics to social transformation, I suggest that repositioning Buddhist-Christian dialog on a forthright acknowledgment of our common human frailty and unskillfulness can lead to a more robust, and grounded, form of mutual engagement.","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"55 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798556","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Editors' Introduction","authors":"","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907568","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907568","url":null,"abstract":"Editors' Introduction Thomas Cattoi and Kristin Johnston Largen There are as many paths of interreligious dialogue as there are individuals who walk them, but not all ways are equally constructive—or even respectful. Many interreligious engagements struggle to navigate between two tensions. On the one hand, it is important to present the spiritual experiences of the members of another religion as real and valid, and not incomplete, partial, or inferior. On the other hand, however, it is tempting to try to fit those experiences into hermeneutic categories that ultimately are alien to them, arranging them according to a hierarchical model that practitioners of these traditions would most likely view as fundamentally patronizing. Rather than helping increase interreligious understanding, this approach may actually fail to do justice to the lived spiritual experiences of members of non-Christian traditions (for example), with their attendant particularity and uniqueness. In fact, the temptation to impose a totalizing metanarrative is in no way something characterizing Christianity alone; even the well-known Buddhist teaching of skillful means (upayakauśalya), while an extraordinarily useful resource to ease the dharma's introduction into new cultures, can easily foster a utilitarian view of other religious beliefs and practices as mere stepping stones for the spread of Buddhist teaching. A different way to foster interreligious understanding is to attend to the specificities of the religious experiences of practitioners of other traditions without necessarily seeking to interpret them through the categories of our own. This mode of encountering the other can underscore points of contact between different modes of practice without disregarding the tensions or the irreducible differences that exist between them—and indeed, without immediately classifying such differences as flaws necessitating correctives that are imported from another tradition. This appreciation of particularity allows us to home in on the worldview of individual authors and bring them into conversation with the analogous claims of representatives of a different religion. A scholar taking this approach will not pass judgment on the reality of another's experience, but will map the claims of practitioners of different religions against each other, in the belief that an acknowledgement of differences will not impede, but actually foster mutual interreligious understanding. In line with these considerations, the first two sections of this issue see a number of Buddhist and Christian authors engage in conversation with texts and practices of the [End Page vii] tradition different from their own, without seeking to impose an all-explanatory hermeneutic framework but pausing to reflect on the way the claims of the other tradition illumine and clarify their own beliefs as well as their own spiritual practice. The first three articles build on the ongoing academic dialogue between Christiani","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798557","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Consolation without Previous Cause in Ignatius's Spiritual Exercises and Zen Satori : A Comparative Study","authors":"Joseph Nguyen","doi":"10.1353/bcs.2023.a907571","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1353/bcs.2023.a907571","url":null,"abstract":"abstract: This article compares and contrasts the Ignatian concept of consolation without previous cause with the Zen Buddhist concept of satori . The aim is to underscore a unique but not commonly recognized characteristic of Ignatian contemplation and promote interreligious understanding. I argue that Ignatian prayer methods, though primarily kataphatic in their approach, share common features with apophatic spirituality and Zen meditation, even though Zen does not make any reference to God. This article consists of three main parts: In the first part, I delve into Ignatius's own religious experience, particularly the experiences he had during eleven months in Manresa, and interpret these experiences from the lens of the Ignatian consolation without previous cause. In the second part, I explore the overall goal of Zen, focusing on the discussion of Zen sunyata and satori . In the final part, I draw out points of contact and differences between the Ignatian concept of consolation without previous cause and Zen satori with an aim toward better appropriating the Ignatian consolation without previous cause from Zen satori . In doing so, I hope to make Ignatian spirituality more appealing and available to spiritual seekers across religious traditions.","PeriodicalId":41170,"journal":{"name":"Buddhist-Christian Studies","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135799377","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}