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The Fifth Passover Cup and Magical Pairs: Isaac Baer Levinsohn and the Babylonian Talmud 第五届逾越节杯与魔术对：艾萨克·贝尔·莱文森与巴比伦塔木德
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-12-02 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-bja10020
Leor Jacobi
{"title":"The Fifth Passover Cup and Magical Pairs: Isaac Baer Levinsohn and the Babylonian Talmud","authors":"Leor Jacobi","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-bja10020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10020","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The Fifth Passover Cup is mentioned in a textual variant of a baraita in Tractate Pesaḥim of the Babylonian Talmud (118a), attributed to Rabbi Ṭarfon and another anonymous Palestinian tanna. Scholars have demonstrated that the variant is primary in talmudic manuscripts and among the Babylonian Geonim. Following a nineteenth-century proposition of Isaac Baer Levinsohn, it is argued that the fifth cup was instituted in Babylonia due to concern for magical evil spirits aroused by even-numbered events [zugot]. Objections to Levinsohn’s theory can be allayed by critical source analysis: the Talmud’s attribution of the fifth cup to the Palestinian tanna Rabbi Ṭarfon in a baraita is pseudoepigraphic, based upon Rabbi Ṭarfon’s teaching regarding the recitation of Hallel ha-Gadol in Mishnah Ta‘anit 3:9. A special appendix is devoted to Levinsohn’s separate study on zugot in the ancient and medieval world.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"84-103"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-12-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47272631","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
How to Become a Young Jewish Socialist Martyr in Interwar Poland: The Tsukunft Youth Movement and Its Politics of Memory 如何在两次世界大战之间的波兰成为一名年轻的犹太社会主义烈士:筑工青年运动及其记忆政治
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-11411100
M. Kozłowska
{"title":"How to Become a Young Jewish Socialist Martyr in Interwar Poland: The Tsukunft Youth Movement and Its Politics of Memory","authors":"M. Kozłowska","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-11411100","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411100","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000There is no doubt that “new Jewish politics” flourished in interwar Poland. Youth movements played a very important part in that phenomenon. All of them were attuned to the Zeitgeist of the time, being convinced that Jews needed to be transformed in order to create a better future. Tsukunft, the youth movement associated with the Bund, was not unique in this regard. However, it offered a vision of the new man and woman which was slightly different than its Zionist counterparts. This paper focuses on the politics of memory of this Jewish socialist movement. Furthermore, the article illustrates that the Tsukunfist lexicon of myths was drawn not from Jewish cultural tradition but from an already developed socialist tradition of iconography and ideological education.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"104-122"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42627060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Re-envisioning the Evil Eye: Magic, Optical Theory, and Modern Supernaturalism in Jewish Thought 重新设想邪恶之眼:魔法、光学理论和犹太思想中的现代超自然主义
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-11411098
J. H. Chajes
{"title":"Re-envisioning the Evil Eye: Magic, Optical Theory, and Modern Supernaturalism in Jewish Thought","authors":"J. H. Chajes","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-11411098","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411098","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This essay is a case study in the modern emergence of the “supernatural.” I argue that pre-modern understandings of the evil eye were predominantly naturalistic, based on extramissionist, haptic concepts of vision. The need to believe in the evil eye first arises when sight becomes universally understood as the result of light entering rather than emerging from the eyes. In the Jewish context, rabbis then begin to develop alternative explanations for its existence and efficacy. These novel etiologies were, for the first time, supernatural. Furthermore, an under-appreciated consequence of the emergence of the modern category of the supernatural is here revealed: rather than signifying the opprobrium of rejected knowledge, for certain religious communities, its embrace has come to represent spiritual conviction.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"30-59"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44834627","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Phenomenon of Dynasties of Jewish Doctors in the Mamluk Period (1250–1517) 马穆鲁克时期犹太医生的朝代现象(1250-1517)
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-11-19 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-bja10021
A. Mazor, E. Lev
{"title":"The Phenomenon of Dynasties of Jewish Doctors in the Mamluk Period (1250–1517)","authors":"A. Mazor, E. Lev","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-bja10021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10021","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article discusses the phenomenon of dynasties of Jewish physicians in the Late Middle Ages in Egypt and Syria. Based on Muslim Arabic historiographical literature on the one hand, and Jewish sources such as Genizah documents on the other, this paper reconstructs fourteen dynasties of Jewish physicians that were active in the Mamluk Sultanate (1250–1517). Examination of the families reveals that the most distinguished dynasties of court physicians were of Jewish origin, and had to convert to Islam during the Mamluk period. Moreover, the office of the “Head of the Physicians” was occupied mainly by members of these convert Jewish dynasties. This situation stands in stark contrast to the pre-Mamluk period, in which dynasties of unconverted Jewish court physicians flourished. However, Jewish sources reveal that dynasties of doctors who were also communal leaders continued to be active also during the Mamluk period.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-29"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45407769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ostrich Eggs as a Conceptual-Symbolic Accessory in Jewish Synagogues 鸵鸟蛋在犹太会堂中作为一种概念象征的附属品
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-10-13 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-11411097
A. O. Shemesh
{"title":"Ostrich Eggs as a Conceptual-Symbolic Accessory in Jewish Synagogues","authors":"A. O. Shemesh","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-11411097","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411097","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The current article discusses the origins and formation of the Jewish custom of hanging ostrich eggs in the synagogue. This habit has been more common in specific countries such as Yemen, and in cities in the land of Israel, such as Safed, Meron, and Jerusalem. The initial reason given for hanging the eggs was that they might arouse one to concentrate on prayers, as like eggs, prayers are fruitful when accompanied by concentration and true intent. This explanation is based on the “miraculous power” of the ostrich’s sense of sight, capable of warming the eggs and causing them to hatch.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"60-83"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/1872471x-11411097","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41753057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Uncertainty as a Poetic Principle: A Reading of the Opening Scene in Joseph Ben Zabara’s The Book of Delight 作为诗学原则的不确定性——读约瑟夫·本·扎巴拉《快乐之书》的开篇
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-10-05 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-bja10018
Idit Einat-Nov
{"title":"Uncertainty as a Poetic Principle: A Reading of the Opening Scene in Joseph Ben Zabara’s The Book of Delight","authors":"Idit Einat-Nov","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-bja10018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10018","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article proposes a new reading of the opening scene of Joseph Ben Meir Ibn Zabara’s twelfth century (at the latest: 1209) The Book of Delight. This reading derives from the hypothesis that this art of storytelling is based on a poetic principle of uncertainty, and is therefore associated with the various forms of the ambiguous and the ambivalent (the grotesque, the uncanny, the ironic, etc.). As I have argued elsewhere about other rhymed Hebrew stories, this approach is appropriate, in my view, to the character of some of the most fascinating rhymed stories produced in medieval Hebrew literature. In the present study I suggest yet another demonstration of the poetic benefit that can accrue from the adoption of this approach.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"153-168"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-10-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43716762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
The Karaite Mourners of Zion and the Qumran Scrolls. On the History of an Alternative to Rabbinic Judaism, written by Yoram Erder The Arabic Translation and Commentary of Yefet ben ‘Eli on the Book of Proverbs, vol. 1, Edition and Introduction, written by Ilana Sasson Historical Consciousness, Haskalah, and Nationalism among the Karaites of Eastern Europe, written by Golda Akhiezer 锡安的卡拉特哀悼者和库姆兰卷轴。《论拉比犹太教的另类历史》，约拉姆·厄德著《耶费特·本·伊莱对《箴言》的阿拉伯语翻译与评论，卷一，版与导言》，伊拉娜·萨松著《东欧卡拉派的历史意识、哈斯卡拉与民族主义》，戈尔达·阿克希泽著
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-bja10008
Daniel J. Lasker
{"title":"The Karaite Mourners of Zion and the Qumran Scrolls. On the History of an Alternative to Rabbinic Judaism, written by Yoram Erder The Arabic Translation and Commentary of Yefet ben ‘Eli on the Book of Proverbs, vol. 1, Edition and Introduction, written by Ilana Sasson Historical Consciousness, Haskalah, and Nationalism among the Karaites of Eastern Europe, written by Golda Akhiezer","authors":"Daniel J. Lasker","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-bja10008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10008","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"11 1","pages":"169-176"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138540045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon: The Complete Translation, written by Solomon Maimon, translated by Paul Reitter, edited by Yitzhak Y. Melamed and Abraham P. Socher, with an Afterword by Gideon Freudenthal 所罗门·迈蒙自传:完整译本，所罗门·迈蒙著，保罗·瑞特翻译，伊扎克·y·梅拉米德和亚伯拉罕·p·索彻编辑，吉迪恩·弗罗伊登塔尔后记
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-08-17 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-11411095
T. Franz
{"title":"The Autobiography of Solomon Maimon: The Complete Translation, written by Solomon Maimon, translated by Paul Reitter, edited by Yitzhak Y. Melamed and Abraham P. Socher, with an Afterword by Gideon Freudenthal","authors":"T. Franz","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-11411095","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411095","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"15 1","pages":"177-181"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/1872471x-11411095","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45151708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Abraham Unbound: The Prefiguration of the Unconscious in the First Generation of the Musar and Hasidic Movements 解放的亚伯拉罕:第一代穆萨派和哈西德派运动中无意识的预示
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-07-16 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-bja10015
Clémence Boulouque
{"title":"Abraham Unbound: The Prefiguration of the Unconscious in the First Generation of the Musar and Hasidic Movements","authors":"Clémence Boulouque","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-bja10015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-bja10015","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This study examines the respective theological assumptions of two major forces in nineteenth-century Judaism—the Musar and the early Hasidic movements, and the way in which the budding concept of the unconscious illuminates both. Often translated as an ethical approach, the Musar movement originated from Lithuania and focused on Torah study as it deemed Talmud insufficient to create a deep, emotional attachment to Judaism; yet, despite their shared emphasis on emotions and their criticism of talmudic studies, the Musar movement was at odds with Hasidism, the mystical Jewish current that swept Eastern Europe from the eighteenth century onward. Through an examination of the biblical motif of the binding of Isaac, and the reaction of Abraham, this article will probe both movements’ analysis of the patriarch’s psychological make up. Such a comparison of their understanding of the pre-conscious psychic states will illustrate the nature of their theological opposition.","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":"14 1","pages":"334-354"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/1872471x-bja10015","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46984927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Mysticism, Pietism, Morality: An Introduction 神秘主义、虔诚主义、道德：导论
IF 0.4 3区 哲学
European Journal of Jewish Studies Pub Date : 2020-07-15 DOI: 10.1163/1872471x-11411096
P. B. Koch
{"title":"Mysticism, Pietism, Morality: An Introduction","authors":"P. B. Koch","doi":"10.1163/1872471x-11411096","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/1872471x-11411096","url":null,"abstract":"The aspiration to seek proximity to the divine, as well as the attempts to translate such aspirations into action, is at the core of many writings that scholars have labeled as ‘mystical.’ Equally, this desire determines the self-imposed lifestyle of individuals who are commonly referred to as ‘pietistic.’1 Both outlooks have far-reaching implications that revolve around the question of how the mystic, or the pietist, ought to act towards God and within society. These aspects can be subordinated to the generic term ‘praxis,’ and they are frequently negotiated under the rubric of ‘morality.’ In Jewish literature, topics of this kind are frequently associated with the notion of musar. There is no clear and simple answer to the question of what musar means. This is not only due to the fact that the use of the term looks back to a long history—from the Bible to the present day—and that it has thus been employed with many different connotations and in different contexts; it is also mainly because there is no consensus on what is understood as morally correct and what is understood as morally reprehensible. Musar manifests itself in multiple genres, multiple stylistic garbs, and multiple languages. It can offer general principles for spiritual improvement or clear instructions for everyday conduct, provide strategies for change by deliberately triggering feelings of anxiety, and serve, in the biblical sense of the word, the function of an admonisher. Understanding musar as a literary mode rather than a specific genre opens new perspectives on aspects that have received little attention in research to date. This includes the psychological dimension of musar—a topic that plays a central role in several of the contributions published in the present issue. ‘Mysticism,’ ‘pietism,’ and ‘morality’ are highly fascinating, yet somewhat artificial analytical categories when it comes to the study of Judaism. In fact, all","PeriodicalId":41158,"journal":{"name":"European Journal of Jewish Studies","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2020-07-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/1872471x-11411096","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48679217","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"哲学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
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