Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science最新文献_第3页

Mechanical vs. Medical Restraint in Psychiatric Complaint Cases 精神疾患案例中的机械约束与药物约束

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2017-0004

S. Birkeland

引用次数: 1

Analytical Profiling of Airplane Wastewater - a New Matrix for Mapping Worldwide Patterns of Drug Use and Abuse 飞机废水分析图谱——一种绘制全球药物使用和滥用模式的新矩阵

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2017-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2017-0003

M. Mardal, F. Aarestrup, B. Rasmussen, C. Mollerup, P. Dalsgaard, K. Linnet

{"title":"Analytical Profiling of Airplane Wastewater - a New Matrix for Mapping Worldwide Patterns of Drug Use and Abuse","authors":"M. Mardal, F. Aarestrup, B. Rasmussen, C. Mollerup, P. Dalsgaard, K. Linnet","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2017-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2017-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract There is limited knowledge on the global prescription and consumption patterns of therapeutic (TD) and illicit drugs (ID). Pooled urine analysis and wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been used for local-based drug screening. It is, however, difficult to study the global epidemiology due to difficulties in obtaining samples. The aims of the study were to test the detectability of TD and ID in airplane wastewater samples categorized according to their geographical origin. Wastewater samples (n= 17) were collected from long-distance flights and prepared with enzymatic conjugate cleaving followed by either precipitation or solid phase extraction. Aliquots were analysed on various liquid chromatography – mass spectrometers. TDs were grouped according to their Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical (ATC) codes. Identification confidence was assigned to three levels based on variables including detection on multiple instruments and number of targets per compound. A total of 424 compounds were identified across all samples, distributed on 87 unique TD and 2 ID. Two principal components in a principal component analysis separated three clusters of wastewater samples corresponding to geographical origin of the airplanes with therapeutic subgroup ATC codes as variables. Airplane wastewater analysis is useful for identifying targets for WBE and toxicological analysis and explore drug use and abuse patterns.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2017-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85544077","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Analysing knot evidence: associating innate habits with sophisticated tying tasks 分析打结证据:将先天习惯与复杂的打结任务联系起来

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2016-0005

Robert C. Chisnall

{"title":"Analysing knot evidence: associating innate habits with sophisticated tying tasks","authors":"Robert C. Chisnall","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2016-0005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2016-0005","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Most ligature cases feature everyday, innately-tied Overhand Knots, Half Hitches and Half Knots. These knots are the result of habitual behaviour and individual tiers demonstrate consistency, except when certain contextual factors come into play. This survey focussed on comparing the chiralities of basic knots to those of Figure Eight Knots, which occur in case evidence and require similar tying actions. It is important to note that real-world Figure Eights are oriented relative to their working ends and are therefore chiral, whereas topological Figure Eights have no ends and are amphichiral. Data summarizing the tying habits of 184 survey respondents were collected and analysed. The majority of volunteers surveyed tied common Overhand Knots and Figure Eights of equal chirality, consistently or nearly consistently, irrespective of any general learning effect. A minority tied knots of opposite chirality. The knots tied by the remaining respondents varied, and the data suggested a potentially complex pattern which may be related to previous findings. Similar but less pronounced patterns were exhibited in the Half Hitch and Half Knot data. This information could be useful when analysing case evidence and making links to suspect samples, provided cautious attention is paid to context and knot function.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83076528","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Death scene investigation: parents’ experiences 死亡现场调查:父母的经历

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2016-0009

U. Heltne, A. Dyregrov, K. Dyregrov

引用次数: 4

Automated Dental Identification with Lowest Cost Path-Based Teeth and Jaw Separation 基于最低成本路径的牙齿和下颌分离的自动牙齿识别

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2016-0008

Jan-Vidar Ølberg, Morten Goodwin

{"title":"Automated Dental Identification with Lowest Cost Path-Based Teeth and Jaw Separation","authors":"Jan-Vidar Ølberg, Morten Goodwin","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2016-0008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2016-0008","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Teeth are some of the most resilient tissues of the human body. Because of their placement, teeth often yield intact indicators even when other metrics, such as finger prints and DNA, are missing. Forensics on dental identification is now mostly manual work which is time and resource intensive. Systems for automated human identification from dental X-ray images have the potential to greatly reduce the necessary efforts spent on dental identification, but it requires a system with high stability and accuracy so that the results can be trusted. This paper proposes a new system for automated dental X-ray identification. The scheme extracts tooth and dental work contours from the X-ray images and uses the Hausdorff-distance measure for ranking persons. This combination of state-of-the-art approaches with a novel lowest cost path-based method for separating a dental X-ray image into individual teeth, is able to achieve comparable and better results than what is available in the literature. The proposed scheme is fully functional and is used to accurately identify people within a real dental database. The system is able to perfectly separate 88.7% of the teeth in the test set. Further, in the verification process, the system ranks the correct person in top in 86% of the cases, and among the top five in an astonishing 94% of the cases. The approach has compelling potential to significantly reduce the time spent on dental identification.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78100686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 11

THE BLACK STONE: Memory of a female serial killer in Bremen 黑石:纪念不来梅的女连环杀手

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/SJFS-2016-0007

P. Holck

引用次数: 0

Twelve unidentified skeletons as remains of an epidemic or famine in Northern Finland 12具身份不明的骷髅是芬兰北部流行病或饥荒的遗骸

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-12-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2016-0006

S. Huumonen, T. Särkioja, S. Salo, Mark Niskanen, H. Maijanen, J. Hirvonen

{"title":"Twelve unidentified skeletons as remains of an epidemic or famine in Northern Finland","authors":"S. Huumonen, T. Särkioja, S. Salo, Mark Niskanen, H. Maijanen, J. Hirvonen","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2016-0006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2016-0006","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Skeletal remains of 12 individuals were found in a grave in a tar-burning pit. There were no coffins or other belongings to help with identification or reveal the cause of death. Methods: Forensic osteological and odontological methods were used to establish sex, age and height. Histological and chemical tests, including the determination of C-14 content, were applied to dating the skeletal remains. Results: Out of 12 skeletons, 8 were adults; 5 females, 2 males and 1 probable female. Four skeletons belonged to children (ages 1-12 years). The bones had been in the grave for more than 100 years as concluded from the deterioration of the distal parts, embrittling of the surface to 1 mm depth. C-14 results gave the radiocarbon years 95 +/− 65 Bp (before present, i.e., 1950). The calibrated years correspond to two time periods, 1670–1780 AD and 1798–1944 AD, as a possible period of death. Conclusions: Starvation and illnesses are the most plausible explanations for the deaths. Historical studies show that during the 17th and 19th centuries, there were famines in Finland accompanied by severe infections (severe famines in the years 1866–1868 and 1696–1697), forcing a lot of people to leave their homes.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-12-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87325071","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

A case story, involving the use of maltitol, a sugar alcohol, as a cutting agent in amphetamine and cocaine powders 一个案例故事，涉及在安非他明和可卡因粉末中使用麦芽糖醇(一种糖醇)作为切割剂

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2016-0001

L. Reitzel, N. B. Holm, K. Linnet, I. B. Müller

{"title":"A case story, involving the use of maltitol, a sugar alcohol, as a cutting agent in amphetamine and cocaine powders","authors":"L. Reitzel, N. B. Holm, K. Linnet, I. B. Müller","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2016-0001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2016-0001","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract In a criminal case involving cutting and resale of amphetamine and cocaine in the Copenhagen area of Denmark, maltitol was used as a cutting agent. The analysis of maltitol in seizures of pure diluents as well as in amphetamine and cocaine powders was carried out using reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with high-resolution (HR) mass spectrometric detection. Maltitol was identified in four out of nine amphetamine samples and in five out of six cocaine samples from the case in question. The use of maltitol as a cutting agent was considered by the police as a specific marker of the particular criminal group under investigation. To support or reject this hypothesis, cocaine and amphetamine samples from a four month period after the involved persons had been arrested were evaluated, also as part of the police investigation. None of these samples contained maltitol. The work described covers the part of the case involving the department of forensic chemistry, and not the whole police investigation, but everything was done within the frames given by the police. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of a disaccharide polyol being used as a cutting agent for illicit drugs.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87564708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Rigor mortis and livor mortis in a living patient: A fatal case of acute total occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta following renal surgery 活体病人的尸僵和尸僵:肾手术后急性肾下腹主动脉全闭塞的致命病例

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2015-0004

C. B. Høyer, L. Rognås, L. Lund, L. Boel

{"title":"Rigor mortis and livor mortis in a living patient: A fatal case of acute total occlusion of the infrarenal abdominal aorta following renal surgery","authors":"C. B. Høyer, L. Rognås, L. Lund, L. Boel","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2015-0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2015-0004","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract A 63-year-old woman underwent a nephrectomy on the right side for renal cancer. Postoperatively she developed abdominal and lower back pain, which was treated with an injection of analgesics in an epidural catheter. The following morning it was discovered that the patient had cold legs with pallor and no palpable femoral pulse. Rigor mortis and livor mortis were diagnosed in both legs, even though the patient was still alive and awake. Doppler ultrasound examination revealed the absence of blood flow in the lower part of the abdominal aorta and distally. A cross disciplinary conference including specialists in urology, orthopaedics, vascular surgery, anaesthesiology, internal medicine, and intensive care concluded that no lifesaving treatment was possible, and the patient died the following day. A forensic autopsy revealed severe atherosclerosis with thrombosis and dissection of the abdominal aorta. This case clearly demonstrates that a vascular emergency should be considered when patients complain about pain in the lower back, abdomen or limbs. Clinicians should be especially aware of symptoms of tissue death that can be masked by epidural analgesia.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"91120529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Cerebral damage caused by nail gun injury 钉枪造成的脑损伤

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Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science Pub Date : 2016-06-01 DOI: 10.1515/sjfs-2016-0003

C. Andersen, M. K. Larsen

{"title":"Cerebral damage caused by nail gun injury","authors":"C. Andersen, M. K. Larsen","doi":"10.1515/sjfs-2016-0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1515/sjfs-2016-0003","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Accidents with nail guns are rather common, especially in the construction industry. Most injuries involve the extremities and several present with intracerebral injuries. When the patient is unconscious, it can be a big challenge to determine whether the injury is an accident, self-inflicted or a criminal act. Case presentation A 43-year-old male worker was brought to the emergency department after his coworkers had found him on the floor in the cafeteria at work. He was admitted to the hospital due to a possible apoplexy. The CT scan revealed a nail in his skull and acute surgery was performed. The forensic examination showed lesions of intracranial surgery and minor bruises on the arms. No sign of defense injuries was found. There were no signs of malfunction of the nail gun-wielding robot. On the side of the machine, there were a handheld nail gun and the police investigated the case as a possible criminal act. They found bloodstains on the back of the machine. When awake, the man explained, that by accident, he had hit his head against a nail gun and as a result of this, the nail gun delivered a nail into his skull. Conclusion Sometimes, the circumstances of a case are not clear and the investigators need to work with more than one theory. In criminal cases, it is important to carry out the forensic examination as soon as possible to preserve the trace evidence. In this case, the investigation of the scene of the accident disproved that a crime was committed.","PeriodicalId":41138,"journal":{"name":"Scandinavian Journal of Forensic Science","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.3,"publicationDate":"2016-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74874756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1