12具身份不明的骷髅是芬兰北部流行病或饥荒的遗骸

IF 1 Q3 MEDICINE, LEGAL
S. Huumonen, T. Särkioja, S. Salo, Mark Niskanen, H. Maijanen, J. Hirvonen
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引用次数: 1

摘要

在一个燃烧着焦油的坑里的一个坟墓里发现了12具遗骸。没有棺材或其他物品来帮助识别或揭示死亡原因。方法:采用法医骨、牙学方法确定患者性别、年龄、身高。组织学和化学测试,包括测定碳-14含量,被用于确定骨骼遗骸的年代。结果:12具骨骸中成人骨8具;5名女性,2名男性,1名疑似女性。四具骨骼属于儿童(1-12岁)。从远端部分的腐烂程度和表面1毫米的脆化程度来看,这些骨头在坟墓里已经有100多年的历史了。C-14结果给出了95 +/−65 Bp(在现在之前,即1950年)的放射性碳年。校准的年份对应于两个时间段,公元1670-1780年和公元1798-1944年,作为可能的死亡时期。结论:饥饿和疾病是对死亡最合理的解释。历史研究表明,在17世纪和19世纪,芬兰发生了伴随着严重感染的饥荒(1866-1868年和1696-1697年的严重饥荒),迫使许多人离开家园。
本文章由计算机程序翻译,如有差异,请以英文原文为准。
Twelve unidentified skeletons as remains of an epidemic or famine in Northern Finland
Abstract Skeletal remains of 12 individuals were found in a grave in a tar-burning pit. There were no coffins or other belongings to help with identification or reveal the cause of death. Methods: Forensic osteological and odontological methods were used to establish sex, age and height. Histological and chemical tests, including the determination of C-14 content, were applied to dating the skeletal remains. Results: Out of 12 skeletons, 8 were adults; 5 females, 2 males and 1 probable female. Four skeletons belonged to children (ages 1-12 years). The bones had been in the grave for more than 100 years as concluded from the deterioration of the distal parts, embrittling of the surface to 1 mm depth. C-14 results gave the radiocarbon years 95 +/− 65 Bp (before present, i.e., 1950). The calibrated years correspond to two time periods, 1670–1780 AD and 1798–1944 AD, as a possible period of death. Conclusions: Starvation and illnesses are the most plausible explanations for the deaths. Historical studies show that during the 17th and 19th centuries, there were famines in Finland accompanied by severe infections (severe famines in the years 1866–1868 and 1696–1697), forcing a lot of people to leave their homes.
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