Journal of Plant Studies最新文献

{"title":"Resistance and Correlation of Pod Shattering and Selected Agronomic Traits in Soybeans","authors":"Richard Katembo Kataliko, P. Kimani, J. Muthomi, Wothaya S. Wanderi, F. Olubayo, F. Nzuve","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N2P39","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N2P39","url":null,"abstract":"Pod shattering is a serious production constraint that causes 34 to 99% seed losses in soybean. Identification, development and utilization of varieties with resistance to pod shattering can reduce yield losses. However, there is limited information on genetic variability of this trait in local germplasm. Twenty soybean genotypes were evaluated at KALRO-Embu and KALRO-Mwea Research Centers, in Eastern and Central highlands of Kenya during the 2016 short and long rain seasons in an alpha lattice design arranged in a 4 x 5 pattern with three replicates. Data was collected on maturity, plant height, biomass, number of seeds per pod, pod shattering and grain yield and analyzed using Genstat software (15th edition). Pearson’s correlation estimates for pod shattering and agronomic traits was done using Statistix-8 statistical package. Results showed significant interactions between genotypes, sites and seasons for days to maturity, plant biomass and pod shattering. Seasonal and location effects were significant for all the traits measured except for plant height, grain yield and pod shattering. Genotype effects showed significances for all the traits. Results showed 17.87% of soybean pod shattering in Embu and 17.41% in Mwea; 16.58% during the long rains and 18.77% during the short rains. Based on their scores, ten genotypes were classified as resistant, seven as moderately resistant, one as moderately susceptible and two as highly susceptible. Genotypes SB-8 followed by Gazelle, SB-74, SB-4, Nyala and SB-20 were the most resistant. SB-93 and SB-25 were the most susceptible genotypes. Three varieties (931/5/34, 915/5/12 and SB-154) performed well with grain yields of up to 1800 kg ha-1. The study found that pod shattering resistance was negatively correlated with number of seeds per pod (r=-0.13*). Plant with few seeds per pod tended to have high resistance to pod shattering. The resistant genotypes can be utilized for production and in effective breeding programs.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"21 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-08-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115938607","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Nuclei Release Methods Comparison for Fresh Leaves of Rice (Oryza sativa) for Efficient High Throughput Flow Cytometry Ploidy Studies","authors":"Isidre Hooghvorst, X. Serrat, S. Nogués","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N2P31","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N2P31","url":null,"abstract":"Flow cytometry trituration methods and the efficiency of isolation buffer solutions are compared in this study for extraction of nuclei from fresh leaves of rice. The razor blade sample trituration procedure has been widely used to release nuclei from tissues in many plant species, and combined with different isolation buffers for low throughput analysis. In contrast, the bead beating trituration method has rarely been used for DNA ploidy determination, despite it being proposed as a less tedious alternative procedure to prepare nuclear suspensions. In this study, bead beating was assessed and compared with the traditional chopping procedure. Each trituration method was combined with one of three nuclear isolation buffers (i.e. Hanson’s, Otto’s and LB01 buffer). Bead beating was applied for the first time using all three of the buffers, resulting in a rapid and effective procedure for ploidy determination in fresh rice leaves. In addition, bead beating saved, while reducing the exposure of the user to harmful substances. The best results were obtained when Hanson’s nuclear isolation buffer was combined with the bead beating trituration method.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128930293","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Quantitative Ethobotany of Gnetum africanum Welw. (Gnetaceae) in Massoumboum, Littoral Region of Cameroon","authors":"J. Betti, Pascal Eric Billong Fils, Prisca Toffon, Eric Wete, J. Ngueguim, Oumar Farick Njimbam, Stéphanie Tientcheu Womeni","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N2P19","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N2P19","url":null,"abstract":"Gnetum africanum Welw. is a plant specie of Central and West Africa, a Non Timber Forest Product (NTFP) with high nutritional, medicinal and economic value. In Cameroon, its leaves are recognized by the forestry administration as a special product. Strong demand combined with destructive harvesting techniques has resulted in its rarity in its distribution area. The objective of this work is to characterize the harvesting and trade of G. africanaum, and to assess its abundance (density and structure) in order to appreciate the economic value of the Lehman agroforest system (ALM) based in Massoumboum, a village located at 30 Km of Douala town, the economical capital of Cameroon. An ethnobotanical survey was conducted among harvesters and sellers of G. africanum in the ALM and in adjacent markets. An inventory of G. africanum stems and leaves was carried out at an overall sampling rate of 9.52%. The study revealed that, harvesting of G. africanum is freely done by women, youngers and elders. They start their activity early in the morning and convey their products to markets located in the periphery and inside the city of Douala. The price of the gramme is too high in the periphery than in the city, averaging 0.58 CFA franc. This price is high in the dry season due to the scarcity of other agricultural vegetables. The inventories conducted revealed densities of 6 191 stems/ha and 119 548 leaves/ha, with the high density of leaves obtained in less perturbed plots. The combination of field data (forest inventories) with those obtained in the markets (trade data), what we call « quantitative ethnobotany », allowed us to appreciate the temporal economic value (EV) of the ALM. This EV ranges from 500 000 - 700 000 CFA franc, for an average value of 37 059.9 CFA franc /ha. If well managed, G. africanum can contribute not only to the economy of the women-harvesters, but also to the economy of the ALM. The glaring development challenge of the background of what precedes is the development of non-detriment findings (NDF) for G. africanum in Cameroon. These consist of setting tools which aims to sustain the resource and trade such as the delimitation of Gnetum Allocation Units (GAU), as well as the development and implementation of simple management plans (SMPs).","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-06-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132963202","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Main Ecological Characteristics of a Species Introduced to Martinique in a Dynamic of Invasion: Funtumia Elastica (Preuss) Stapf (Apocynaceae)","authors":"P. Joseph, K. Baillard, Jean-Philippe Claude, Yelji Abati, Séverine Ely-Marius, Yanis Jean-Francois, S. Sophie, Péguy Major, Jose Duranty, Jean-Emile Simphor, Jean-Valéry Marc","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N2P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N2P1","url":null,"abstract":"Introduced species that become invasive alter the structural and functional organisation of the ecosystems of the host territories because of the absence of certain ecological locks. On a global scale, the consequences are very damaging for many key development-related sectors. Martinique, like all the islands of the Caribbean, is not immune to this phenomenon of biological invasion currently linked to greater globalisation. Among the potentially invasive introduced species and in the light of field observations, Funtumia elastica, native to tropical Africa, appears to have functional traits that could make it a species that is dangerous for local floristic diversity. Since no study exists in Martinique on the ecology of this taxon, we have set up a research protocol based on floristic surveys in various stations marked out by transects subdivided into quadrats. Using the data obtained, it has been possible to highlight the main features of the ecology of this species in terms of biodemography, ecological dominance, mesological affinities and of belonging to the different stages of vegetal succession.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116397802","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Reviewer Acknowledgements for Journal of Plant Studies, Vol. 8, No. 1","authors":"Joan Lee","doi":"10.5539/jps.v8n1p45","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v8n1p45","url":null,"abstract":"Journal of Plant Studies wishes to acknowledge the following individuals for their assistance with peer review of manuscripts for this issue. Their help and contributions in maintaining the quality of the journal are greatly appreciated. \u0000 \u0000Journal of Plant Studies is recruiting reviewers for the journal. If you are interested in becoming a reviewer, we welcome you to join us. Please find the application form and details at http://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jps/editor/recruitment and e-mail the completed application form to jps@ccsenet.org. \u0000 \u0000Reviewers for Volume 8, Number 1 \u0000 \u0000Adriana F. Sestras, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Romania \u0000 \u0000Alessandra Lanubile, Agriculture Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Italy \u0000 \u0000Bingcheng Xu, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, China \u0000 \u0000Chang-Jun Liu, Brookhaven National Laboratory, United States of America \u0000 \u0000Chrystian Iezid Maia e Almeida Feres, Tocantins Federal University, Brazil \u0000 \u0000Deborah Yara Alves Cursino Santos, University of Sao Paulo, Brazil \u0000 \u0000Denis Charlebois, Horticultural Research & Development Centre, Agriculture & Agri-food Canada, Canada \u0000 \u0000Homa Mahmoodzadeh, Islamic Azad University, Iran \u0000 \u0000Milana Trifunovic-Momcilov, Institute for Biological Research “Sinisa Stankovic”, Serbia \u0000 \u0000Rosana Noemi Malpassi, Universidad Nacional de Rio Cuarto, Argentina \u0000 \u0000Slawomir Borek, Adam Mickiewicz University, Poland \u0000 \u0000Vatsavaya Satyanarayana Raju, Kakatiya University Warangal, India \u0000 \u0000Vijayasankar Raman, University of Mississippi, United States","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126657319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Screening Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Germplasm for Resistance against Angular Leaf Spot (Pseudocercospora griseola) Disease under Field Condition","authors":"Y. Rezene, Shiferw Mekonin","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N1P30","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N1P30","url":null,"abstract":"Angular leaf spot (ALS) caused by the fungus Pseudocercospora griseola is one of the most destructive disease in Latin America and eastern Africa countries. The fungus, P. griseola is highly variable and a diverse sources of resistance genes is required to manage this economically important disease. The use of genetic resistance is the most practical and economic way to manage angular leaf spot of the common bean. Common bean (Phaseolus vulgarise L.) germplasm were screened for resistance against Angular leaf spot (ALS) under field conditions at Wonodogenet and Areka Research farms. Out of 300 common bean accessions evaluated only 14 (4.6%) common bean accessions were resistant to naturally epidemics of angular leaf spot disease under field condition. Therefore, all common bean germplasm that showed resistance reaction can be involved in breeding program for the improvement of the common bean.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124706652","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"GGE-Biplot Analysis of Multi-Environment Yield Trials of Common Bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in the southern Ethiopia","authors":"Y. Rezene","doi":"10.5539/jps.v8n1p35","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/jps.v8n1p35","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was conducted on thirty-six common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) Genotypes across six contrasting environments defined for its different soil fertility status and located at the southern Ethiopia. The genotypes were arranged in 6 x 6 triple lattice design and executed for two successive main cropping seasons with the objectives to evaluate yield performance of common bean genotypes and identification of mega environments. GGE (i.e., G = genotype and GE = genotype by environment, interaction) bi-plot methodology was used for graphical presentation of yield data after subjecting the genotypic means of each environment to GGE Bi-plot software. The first two principal components (AXIS 1 and AXIS2) were used to display a two-dimensional GGE bi-plot. Thus, genotypic AXIS1 scores >0 classified the high yielding genotypes while AXIS2 scores <0 identified low yielding genotypes. Unlike genotypic AXIS1, genotypic AXIS2, scores near zero showed stable genotypes whereas large AXIS2 scores classified the unstable ones. The environmental AXIS1 were related to crossover nature of GEI while AXIS2 scores were associated with non-cross over GEI. The six test environments in the southern region were divided in to two distinct mega environments (Mega-1 and 2). Mega-1 constituted GOHF13, ARMF12 and ARLF13 while genotype 14 (SCR10) being the best winner, on the other hand, Mega-2 contained GOHF12 and while common bean genotype 20(SCR17) being the best winner. The results of this study indicated that breeding for specific adaptation should be taken as a breeding strategy in southern region to exploit positive GEI to increase production and productivity of common bean.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-02-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116961101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Primary and Secondary Igapó Forests in the Peruvian Amazon: Floristics, Physical Structure and the Predictive Value of Soil Bulk Density","authors":"R. Myster","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N1P20","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N1P20","url":null,"abstract":"Igapó forests are a key part of the Amazon.  And so, it is important to know their floristics and physical structure, and how they may be influenced by their soil.  The floristics and physical structure of 16 primary [1o] and secondary [2o] igapó forest plots in Loreto Province, Peru was described and linear regressions were computed to explore whether soil bulk density could predict structural parameters. In the 1o forest, Fabaceae, Malvaceae and Rubiaceae were the most common families and Calycophyllum spruceanum, Ceiba samauma, Inga spp., Cedrela odorata, Copaifera reticulata, Phytelephas macrocarpa, Guazuma rosea, and Piptadenia pteroclada were the most common species. And as flooding increased, bulk density, stem density, stem size, species richness, Fishers α, basal area and above-ground biomass all decreased. In the 2o forest, Urticaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae were the most common families and Cecropia membranacea, Sapium glandulosum, Pourouma guianensis and Byrsonima arthropoda were the most common species. The number of stems was greatest in the island 2o forest and lowest in the 1o forest under water for more than four months, and mean stem size, species richness, Fishers α, basal area and above-ground biomass was lowest in the sandy beach 2o forest and highest in the 1o forest under water one to two months. Soil bulk density predicted mean stem size, species richness and Fishers α well, where all three decreased as soils became more sandy. I conclude that as soil becomes less sandy with more clay content there is an increase in forest structural complexity, unpredictable flooding in 2o forests reduces structure more than the predictable flood pulse 1o forests receive, and soil bulk density may have a causal role for diversity in igapó forests.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133615716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Moringa oleifera Lam.: A Biofunctional Edible Plant from India, Phytochemistry and Medicinal Properties","authors":"V. Pandey, Vandana Chauhan, V. S. Pandey, P. Upadhyaya, O. Kopp","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N1P10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N1P10","url":null,"abstract":"Moringa oleifera is a versatile horticulture tree with important medicinal, nutritional and industrial applications, widely distributed and used in India. The Moringa tree originated in India and was introduced to Africa from India and other countries as a health supplement. Almost all parts of the plant have shown nutritional value and are used in India for a variety of food preparations. In India, M. oleifera leaves are available in powder to treat mild malnourishment in children. About all parts like leaves, seeds and pods are used as vegetables. Phytochemicals such as flavonoids, tannins, triterpenoids, saponins, flavonoids, anthraquinones, alkaloids and others, are responsible for the medicinal value of this plant. This species is rich in protein, fatty acids, vitamins and minerals that form part of its quality as superfood. It has been reported to have strong antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, diuretic, anthelminthic and antiurolithiatic properties, among others. People in India use this species to treat common illnesses because of its availability and easy preparation. This review provides information on the significant potential of Moringa and its nutritional, medicinal, pharmaceutical and industrial values.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130613411","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Ethnobotanical Studies of Medicinal Plants used to Treat Human and Livestock Ailments in Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region, Ethiopia: A Systematic Review","authors":"F. Abebe","doi":"10.5539/JPS.V8N1P1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5539/JPS.V8N1P1","url":null,"abstract":"Like many other parts of Ethiopia, people in the Southern Nations, Nationalities and Peoples’ Region (SNNPR) do have indigenous knowledge on the preparation and use of traditional medicinal plants. Even though different studies have been conducted to document medicinal plants in different zones of SNNPR separately, there is no previous review work which summarizes the medicinal plants and the associated indigenous knowledge at the regional level (at SNNPR region as a whole or in large scale). Also, there is no previous review work that prioritizes the factors that affect medicinal plants at the regional level (including threatened medicinal plants). The purpose of this paper was to review habitat, growth forms, the method of remedy preparation and administration, marketability of medicinal plants, and to prioritize the factors that affect medicinal plants in SNNPR. Most of the medicinal plants in the majority of the reviewed areas are harvested from wild. Herbs are the most utilized life forms and leaves are the most utilized plant part in the preparation of remedies. Fresh plant materials are the most employed in the preparation of remedies. Majority of medicinal plants are not marketable. Agricultural land expansion is a major threat to medicinal plants which followed by deforestation. Olea europaea subsp. cuspidata, Prunus africana, Echinops kebericho, Croton macrostachys, Cordia africana and Dodonaea angustifolia, Hagenia abyssinica, Withania somnifera and Ficus spp are the highly affected medicinal plant species which require conservation and management priority in the region.","PeriodicalId":410634,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Plant Studies","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115843441","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}