{"title":"Phased Arrays and MIMO: Wideband 5G End Fire Elements on Liquid Crystal Polymer for MIMO","authors":"Rajveer S. Brar, R. Vaughan, Mark Felipe","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020734","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020734","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a multiport antenna for mobile communications at a symposium on phased arrays, and consequently it has two parts. Firstly, we review the context of the phased array antenna as a general array and multi-element antennas (MEAs) which are prevalent in mobile communications. There is overlap between phased arrays and MEAs in terms of the basic array principle, but the design approaches and typical applications are different. These differences are reviewed to help fix ideas about the terminology. The second part presents a new array antenna for fifth generation (5G) mobile communications. Its elements are wideband designs for end-fire radiation from the edge of a metallic platform, or chassis. Each element comprises a pair of different sized dipoles in a parallel configuration in order to achieve a wideband impedance bandwidth. The conducting dipoles are supported by a dielectric, which is Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP). This has relatively low dielectric losses at millimeter-wave frequencies, resulting in an antenna radiation efficiency of more than 90% across a 63 % relative bandwidth. The frequency is from 22.8 GHz to 44 GHz which covers the recently- released 5G bands at 24, 28 and 38 GHz. The elements sit on the edges of a rectangular chassis and are directive away from these edges. The end-fire gains are more than 6 dBi. The elements are well-spaced because the electrical size of the chassis is sufficiently large, meaning that the mutual coupling within the basic design is very low, but can be even further decreased using decoupling configurations.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132069516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Wideband Array Transmission - Waveforms and Phase Notching","authors":"J. Winters, M. Luddy","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020737","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020737","url":null,"abstract":"Troposcatter communications can provide high data rates over long, beyond-line-of-sight distances without the use of relays. In this paper, we discuss the use of very wideband (multi-GHz) phased arrays with spatial processing in combination with waveform design to maximize data rates, while minimizing interference into other systems. We show how advanced signal processing techniques, based on methods used in commercial terrestrial wireless systems, can greatly enhance performance, allowing platform mobility while dynamically adapting to the troposcatter channel.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132110082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Towards Millimeter-Wave Phased Array Circuits and Systems For Small Form Factor and Power Efficient 5G Mobile Devices","authors":"Pilsoon Choi, D. Antoniadis, E. Fitzgerald","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021005","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses phased array system design issues for millimeter-wave circuits in 5G mobile devices. 5G technologies to enable extremely high data rates (10Gbps)., ultra-low latency (1msec), and massive number of devices (1M devices/km2) can support broad range of application spaces which have never been considered before. Directional beamforming by utilizing a phased array system in the millimeter-wave frequency ranges helps to improve system level efficiency providing spatial multiplexing capability. However., beamforming requires multiple RF channels and antennas with phase and gain control circuitry., which affects the radio form factor and degrades the performance due to the increased parasitic. Furthermore., 5G millimeter-wave power amplifiers have to be inherently linear without digital calibration because multiple RF channels cause complex and time-consuming calibration procedures prohibited in commercial mobile products. Since there is a tradeoff between linearity and efficiency., high efficiency in a millimeter-wave power amplifier cannot be achieved with CMOS only. Thus III-V devices and their monolithic integration with CMOS circuits are crucial for a small form factor and power efficient 5G mobile devices.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"71 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122992045","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Crossing Space, Time And Frequency Domains: Recent Developments of Four-Dimensional Antenna Arrays","authors":"Kejin Chen, Shiwen Yang, Yikai Chen, S. Qu","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020983","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020983","url":null,"abstract":"Thanks to the time dimension introduced into traditional antenna arrays, 4D antenna arrays break through the boundary of space, time and frequency in array design. In addition to the beampatterns formed in traditional space domain, 4D antenna arrays are also able to be used for the synthesis of beampatterns in time and frequency domains. As typical representatives of 4D antenna arrays, time modulated arrays and frequency diverse array have been receiving much attention in recent years. Due to their powerful beamforming ability, 4D arrays have great potential in the applications to a variety of wireless systems. In this paper, several recent advances on 4D antenna arrays are reviewed and their applications in wireless system are reviewed.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129323116","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ambiguities in Linear Direction-Finding Arrays","authors":"M. Leifer","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021064","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021064","url":null,"abstract":"Arrays used for direction finding (DF) are often plagued by ambiguities that can increase RMS error levels as well as generate occasional angle estimates that are totally wrong-these latter are often called “wild bearings.” A new analysis framework is introduced to understand how wild bearings are generated and where they are likely to occur. The analysis utilizes the squared correlation between array manifold vectors, leveraging prior work on the spatial distinguishability of cellphone users at an adaptive “smart antenna” basestation. It is shown that this metric, which was derived originally for adaptive beamforming, is also appropriate for DF algorithms such as Beamforming, Capon's method and MUSIC. Examples and simulation results are included that show the location and density of wild bearings for a simple linear array.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114368306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Near-field source location with an L-band widely-spaced 4-element random array","authors":"C. King, A. Gasiewski","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021010","url":null,"abstract":"The ability to estimate the location of a source within the near-field of a random, widely-spaced array is demonstrated in this paper. An adaptation of the MUSIC algorithm to search for sources in the near-field of an array is applied to data collected using a widely-space 4-element array to find the three-dimensional (bearing, elevation and range) location of the source within an anechoic chamber. The 4-element array used is custom-designed with a hardwired coherent local oscillator and with the capability to be widely and randomly spaced.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125691643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Digital Arrays using Commercial Transceivers: Noise, Spurious, and Linearity Measurements","authors":"P. Delos, Mike E. Jones","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020709","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020709","url":null,"abstract":"Advancements of radio transceiver RFICs in the wireless industry can be an enabler for digital beamforming phased arrays requiring highly integrated electronics to fit within the on-array size constraints. As these integrated radio ICs emerge, there are a series of questions in the phased array community on system performance possible when these ICs operate as a coherent array. To assess electrical performance as channels combine, a multi-channel transceiver based digital receiver/exciter (DREX) demonstrator has been developed. The multi-channel transceiver-based DREX demonstrator is presented along with measured results. Measurements demonstrate the ability to increase dynamic range, improve spurious and improve phase noise as channels are combined. Measured results also find intermodulation products are correlated across channels with no improvement as channels are combined. Interpretation of measured results when scaled to large phased array performance is then presented.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"3 3","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120992043","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"A Unique Digital Technique for Compensating for Array Element Failures","authors":"R. Mailloux","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020942","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020942","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a review of work by H. Steyskal and R. Mailloux on a scheme to correct the pattern of an array with failed elements. The technique provides exact correction at the angles of selected received sources and minimizes the radiation at all other angles. The procedure is compatible with a digital beamformer processor. The paper highlights an analytical procedure to control the pattern in regions where there are no incident sources, thus leading to realizable solutions throughout radiating space.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126016057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zhe Li, Sudantha Perera, Yan Zhang, Guifu Zhang, R. Doviak, I. Ivić
{"title":"Evaluation of the Impacts of System Modules on Polarimetric Radar Data Quality Using a Phased Array Weather Radar System Simulator","authors":"Zhe Li, Sudantha Perera, Yan Zhang, Guifu Zhang, R. Doviak, I. Ivić","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020739","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020739","url":null,"abstract":"This paper combines a time-domain modeling and simulation method for evaluating the impacts of system modules on polarimetric data quality of phased array weather radars with both theoretical analysis and actual measurements. In the presented phased array radar system simulator (PASIM), the distributed weather targets are modeled by random multiple scattering centers, and Next-Generation Radar (NEXRAD) Level-II data or user-defined weather scenarios are utilized as weather truth fields. Besides, based on a generic patch element designed by the High Frequency Structural Simulator (HFSS), a specific dual-polarization phased array mobile demonstration system (Ten Panel Demonstrator, or TPD) is simulated. In addition, the biases of differential reflectivity, correlation coefficient and differential phase along beam direction away from broadside, in observation of uniform weather truth fields for both principal plane and non-principal plane are used as data quality metrics. It is shown that the simulation results are consistent with theoretical predictions, and measurements from TPD testbed in observation of a stratiform precipitation are presented, similarities and discrepancies between simulations and measurements are compared and explained.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124310581","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Squint Reduction of L Band Phased Array Using Novel Miniature True Time Delay","authors":"Benjamin Freer, Michael Geiler","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020773","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020773","url":null,"abstract":"Time Delay steering of phased arrays is preferred for modern, large fractional bandwidth systems, but size, weight and power (SWaP) limitations often preclude its use at the element level. Time delays based on magnetostatic waves (MSW) have many properties that facilitate element-level time-delay steering. Techniques for designing low dispersion and low loss delay lines are simulated, and initial prototype data are presented. In an example L-band phased array, squint loss improvement due to a MSW time delay unit developed by Metamagnetics is modeled and discussed.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"123 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122480500","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}