{"title":"Computing RMS and Integrated Array Sidelobes","authors":"M. Leifer, P. Freeman","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021037","url":null,"abstract":"This paper recommends a consistent and efficient approach to computing the integrated sidelobe ratio (ISLR) and the rms or mean sidelobe level of an antenna. In the proposed method, radiated power (electric field amplitude squared) is integrated on the surface of a hemisphere using spherical polar coordinates. The fields are measured at positions, however, that lie on a square grid in the u-v plane. The former ensures proper integration in physical beam space, while the latter provides uniform sampling of the main lobe and all sidelobes, since these all have the same size in the u-v plane. Compared to uniform sampling in spherical coordinates, u-v plane sampling requires fewer measurements for the same accuracy and has integration boundaries that do not change shape or size with scan. Expressions are presented in both one- and two-dimensional versions, together with an example of their use.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122584711","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdurrahman H. Aljuhani, Evan Traffenstedt, T. Kanar, S. Zihir, Gabriel M. Rebeiz
{"title":"Ultra-Low Cost Ku-Band Dual-Polarized Transmit and Receive Phased-Arrays for SATCOM and Point-to-Point Applications with Bandwidths up to 750 MHz","authors":"Abdurrahman H. Aljuhani, Evan Traffenstedt, T. Kanar, S. Zihir, Gabriel M. Rebeiz","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents ultra-low cost scalable 64-element dual-polarized Ku-band transmit (Tx) and receive (Rx) phased-arrays. The antenna elements are placed in a rectangular grid spaced at λ/2 apart at 14.5 GHz (Tx array) and 12 GHz (Rx array), and employ 16 silicon Tx- and Rx-only 8-channel beamformer chips to feed 2×2 dual-polarized antenna quads. The phased-arrays are assembled on a 4-layer printed circuit board (PCB) using only two Roger 4350B panels, mechanical drilled vias and simple fabrication, thus the ultra-low-cost designation. Both 64-element phased-arrays result in a scan range of $pm 60^{mathrm{o}}$ in the E-and H-planes with low sidelobes $< -15 mathrm{dB}$. The Rx phased-array has a 3-dB bandwidth of 650 MHz (11.4 - 12.05 GHz) and a cross-polarization level of $< -18 mathrm{dB}$. The Tx phased-array results in a measured EIRP of 48.7 dBm and 50.6 dBm at P1dB and Psat, respectively, per polarization, a 3-dB bandwidth of 750 MHz (13.75 -14.5 GHz), and low cross-polarization of −20.5 dB. To our knowledge, these Ku-band phased-arrays demonstrate state-of-the-art performance with ultra-low-cost for satellite communications or point-to-point communication systems.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"13 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121272346","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Self-cancellation full-duplex steerable phased array","authors":"S. Foo","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020753","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a novel concept of beam-steerable full-duplex phased array. The proposed concept is a full phased array, which can achieve over 60dB of self-interference (SI) suppression at receiver front-end between transmit and receive ports over a large scan angle. This method enables possible use of single-stage receiver cancellation in full-duplex transmission scheme to achieve over 100dB of transmit-receive port isolation. The proposed full-duplex concept is made possible by using a metasurface to transform aperture field distribution of a planar phased array operating with high degrees of linearly progressive phase shift.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"2011 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125989297","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Airborne Polarimetric Doppler Weather Radar: Antenna Aperture and Beam Forming Architecture","authors":"J. Vivekanandan, Adam Karboski, E. Loew","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020932","url":null,"abstract":"Radar performance depends on antenna characteristics, transmit power, transmit waveform and receiver design. Phased array radar (PAR) with solid-state amplifiers, attenuators and phase shifters uses additional signal processing schemes for achieving desired sensitivity, scan rate and data quality than in the case of a mechanically scanning radar that uses high-power klystron, magnetron or traveling wave tube transmitters. Active electronic scanning array (AESA) enables rapid scanning - the radar beam could be steered to any angular direction nearly instantly. Transmit and receive beam characteristics of AESA could be made independent of each other by an appropriate amplitude and/or phase weighting of the individual radiating element transmit and receive signals. Rapid steering of the antenna beam is suitable for beam multiplexing (BMX). BMX enables the collection of independent sample pairs of radar signals that reduce errors in radar measurements while providing rapid updates of scan volumes. Scan strategies for pencil beam and broad beam configurations are presented with regard to collecting reflectivity and radial velocity within a specified standard deviation of error. Beamforming radar architectures for pencil beam and broad beam configuration are described.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125283984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reconfigurable Space- Time-Coding Through Time-Modulated Array","authors":"L. Poli, P. Rocca, A. Massa","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020778","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020778","url":null,"abstract":"In this work, the synthesis of multi-beam patterns in time-modulated linear arrays (TMLAs) for multi- point-to-point communication purposes is addressed. The harmonic radiations unavoidably generated by the periodic pulse trains modeling the excitations of the array elements are exploited as independent channels for receiving multiple signals with different directions of arrival, jointly suppressing the undesired interferences. A stochastic algorithm is employed to determine the optimal descriptors of the pulse sequences which allow for the maximization of the signal-to-interference- plus-noise ratio (SINR) at the receiver by means of suitable pattern shaping and nulling.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130467882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Soon‐Soo Oh, Dong-Woo Kim, Jae-Beom Jin, Gi-Tae Hwang, H. Roh, In-Ryeol Kim
{"title":"Beam-Steering Antenna with Tunable Beamwidth Using Rotman Lens and Power Combiner","authors":"Soon‐Soo Oh, Dong-Woo Kim, Jae-Beom Jin, Gi-Tae Hwang, H. Roh, In-Ryeol Kim","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020944","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020944","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes a beam-steering antenna having tunable beamwidth implemented by using Rotman lens and power combiner. Conventional Rotman Lens array antenna has only the fixed beamwidth. However, the proposed array antenna has the variable beamwidth. The operating frequency is 3.55 GHz. The input power can be fed into Rotman lens through the power divider or directly, depending on the synthesizing beamwidth. The simulation results showed the steering beam with tunable beamwidth. Designed antenna and Rotman lens were fabricated.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117068510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Salazar, H. Bluestein, J. Kurdzo, B. Isom, Tian-You Yu, M. McCord, J. Díaz, J. A. Ortíz, C. Fulton, M. Yeary, R. Palmer, B. Cheong
{"title":"An Ultra-Fast Scan C-band Polarimetric Atmospheric Imaging Radar (PAIR)","authors":"J. Salazar, H. Bluestein, J. Kurdzo, B. Isom, Tian-You Yu, M. McCord, J. Díaz, J. A. Ortíz, C. Fulton, M. Yeary, R. Palmer, B. Cheong","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9021042","url":null,"abstract":"This paper describes the novel hybrid front-end beamforming architecture of a C-band mobile Polarimetric Atmospheric Imaging Radar (PAIR) system for weather applications. PAIR, a state-of-the-art radar on a mobile platform, will be shared with the scientific and radar communities to further research frontiers using its unprecedented high-temporal resolution and scanning flexibility. The system under development achieves dual polarization through novel polarimetric phased- array antenna design; improved detection capability through integrated solutions provided by solid state technology; faster update time through digital beamforming (DBF) in elevation; and a robust structure for fast deployment in severe weather. The concept and research applications and the development progress of PAIR will be reported in this paper.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"2016 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132830465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Sara Salem Hesari, L. Locke, L. Knee, J. Bornemann
{"title":"Low-Cost Phased Array Feed System for Radio Astronomy and Wide-Angle Scanning Applications","authors":"Sara Salem Hesari, L. Locke, L. Knee, J. Bornemann","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020966","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020966","url":null,"abstract":"A low-cost antenna array feed system for 15.4-20.0 GHz is presented. The dual linear polarization, 24- element antenna array and feed network are constructed from single substrate layers, include substrate integrated waveguide- to-microstrip transitions, and coaxial connectors. The individual antennas are arranged on an x-y grid through a metallic backplane that mechanically supports the array and electrically provides a ground plane which reduces back lobes of the end-fire beams and improves directivity. The planar antipodal dipole antenna elements and metal backplane are assembled into a dual linear array, and tested. The phased array's measured results, which are ±40□ scanning range in azimuth and elevation, cross-polar values of 18 dB, wide operating frequency range and flat gain, make the proposed antipodal dipole antenna a viable low-cost candidate for phased array antennas and for use in radio astronomy and wide-angle scanning applications. Measurements are in good agreement with simulations, thus validating the design process.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128405527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Super-Resolution Direction-of-Arrival Estimation based on Multiplicative Array Processing","authors":"D. Kasilingam, Murillo Silva, M. Curtis","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020775","url":null,"abstract":"In radar, sonar and wireless communications, there is a critical need for estimating the direction-of-arrival (DoA) of signals or sources. DoA angles of signals are estimated by processing the measurements from spatially distributed sensor arrays. In all these cases, conventional processing involves using linear processing to combine the measurements from the sensor elements of the spatial array. The DoA angular resolution is determined by the size of the spatial array. In this study, a multiplicative processing technique known as multiplicative array processing (MAP) is proposed to achieve fine angular resolution by using much smaller array sizes. Multiplicative processing of array measurements has the potential to achieve super-resolution capability where the effective resolution is commensurate with significantly larger array sizes. In this study, both simulations and experimental results are used to verify and validate the proposed multiplicative processing technique. Simulations indicate that for moderate to high signal-to-noise ratios, MAP performs as well as linear processing methods with much larger array sizes. MAP is applied to experimental measurements to verify and validate the effectiveness of the proposed technique with field data.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"65 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134400208","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Polarimetric Calibration of a Dual-Polarization Phased Array Weather Radar","authors":"A. Morin, J. George, V. Chandrasekar","doi":"10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020780","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/PAST43306.2019.9020780","url":null,"abstract":"Phased array weather radars allow for fast and agile scanning which can improve the temporal resolution of meteorological data and allows for the development of multifunction radars. However, electronic scan angle dependent power and phase introduced by electronic beam steering as well as dual-polarization performance of phased array antennas is a challenge in developing polarimetric phased array weather radars. Front-X is an X-band dual-polarization phased array weather radar capable of both electronic and mechanical beam steering which can be used to validate electronic scan data against mechanical scan data. Additionally, the system can be used to explore and measure the differences between electronic and mechanical scan data. This paper presents a description of Front-X and an automated electronic scan calibration mode implemented in the system which generates corrections that account for power and phase differences between electronic and mechanical scan data. Finally, the system and the electronic scan corrections are demonstrated through a comparison of mechanical scan and electronic scan data, as well as a comparison to the co-located and proven CHILL X-band radar.","PeriodicalId":410526,"journal":{"name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Phased Array System & Technology (PAST)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133106537","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}