Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements最新文献_第3页

Ungoverned or Alternatively Governed Spaces in North-Eastern Nigeria 尼日利亚东北部的未治理或交替治理空间

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004435544_023

B. O. Igboin

{"title":"Ungoverned or Alternatively Governed Spaces in North-Eastern Nigeria","authors":"B. O. Igboin","doi":"10.1163/9789004435544_023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004435544_023","url":null,"abstract":"The whole question of what was happening to us, which is now called Boko Haram, has never been subjected to any critical intellectual analysis. We’ve just been interested in the burning of houses, suicide bombers and so on, but we have never attempted to ask what is the moral economy or what really predisposes people to this kind of attitude, where did this come from? Beyond thinking of intelligence as gathering gossip and information from people, there are intellectual views. It is possible to trace the historical processes that have produced what we have now in the name of Boko Haram. Is there any connection between Boko Haram and other forms of violent protests that precede it, whether it’s Maitatsine or whatever? Can we explain why this Boko Haram is dominant in Maiduguri, Yobe and not Sokoto or Kebbi? These are questions that only intellectual analyses, dispassionate, taken away from politics, can help us to come to the conclusion because there must be a reason and it may be sociological, cultural, religious or historical, as to why certain things happen where they do. If this was about religion, and Muslims are trying to expand the frontiers of Islam, which kind of a stupid man will be fighting inside his own house and hope to conquer other people? Kukah 2013: 39–40","PeriodicalId":410071,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements","volume":"97 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134156828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Yezidism

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004435544_039

引用次数: 0

Introduction to Part 3 第3部分简介

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004435544_018

引用次数: 0

The Nation of Islam 伊斯兰民族

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.4324/9781315701189-23

Edward E. Curtis

{"title":"The Nation of Islam","authors":"Edward E. Curtis","doi":"10.4324/9781315701189-23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315701189-23","url":null,"abstract":"Established in 1930 in Detroit, Michigan, by W.D. Fard Muhammad (1893–?), the Nation of Islam (henceforth NOI) grew after World War II to be the most important and controversial Islamic new religious movement in the United States and the Anglophobe Black world. Tens of thousands, perhaps over one hundred thousand African Americans joined the movement, but it garnered the sympathy and tacit support of many more African Americans for its emphasis on Black pride and self-determination. By the 1970s, the number of NOI religious congregations numbered seventy, and its businesses generated tens of millions of dollars in revenue (Curtis 2006: 2–4). The NOI taught that Islam was the original religion of Black people stolen from them during the era of the trans-Atlantic slave trade, and beckoned them to abandon Christianity, which the movement said had bound them in both physical and mental chains. Introducing an original form of Islamic religion that interpreted historically Islamic traditions through the prophecies of its charismatic leader, Elijah Muhammad, the NOI advocated separate Black businesses, schools, neighborhoods, and a state. Though it used revolutionary theological rhetoric, it eschewed both war and violence. Instead, the NOI focused on achieving its goals through the reformation of Black American minds and bodies. Membership in the NOI required careful study and practice of Elijah Muhammad’s teachings, which combined Islamic themes with twentiethcentury metaphysical religion, including a belief in UFOs, to produce a version of Islam that included novel theological, cosmological, and eschatological doctrines as well devotion to a strict code of middle-class, socially conservative ethics (Curtis 2016). From an historically Islamic perspective, one of the most controversial of these teachings was the belief that W.D. Fard was God in the flesh, and that Elijah Muhammad was the Messenger of God—a claim that contradicted both Sunnī and Shīʿa Islamic traditions (Curtis 2006: 10–14). Though representing a tiny sliver of the global Muslim community, the men and women of the NOI played an outsized role in US politics as they voiced some of the fiercest and most effective opposition to US imperialism,","PeriodicalId":410071,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127353300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS) 以暴力为导向的塔克菲主义神学作为一种政治理论——以伊拉克和叙利亚的伊斯兰国为例

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004435544_026

Emin Poljarevic

{"title":"Theology of Violence-oriented Takfirism as a Political Theory: The Case of the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria (ISIS)","authors":"Emin Poljarevic","doi":"10.1163/9789004435544_026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/9789004435544_026","url":null,"abstract":"The notion of takfīr (lit. excommunication) was part of pre-modern heresiology that revolved around a range of conceptualisations of kufr (rejection of belief) and the conditions of belonging to a Muslim community (Al-Shahrastani 1923).1 This issue of religious and sectarian belonging was directly connected to belonging to a Muslim polity. Takfīr, therefore, entailed pronouncing judgment on Muslims for having exited a community of Muslims either through what was understood to be their ‘erroneous’ beliefs and/or actions. Such judgments have often had direct political consequences (Khalidi 2005). Those who voluntarily had left Islam and, consequently, left a specific Muslim community, have traditionally been re-classified as murtaddīn (apostates) and/or kuffār (non-believers, sing. kāfir) (Chaliand and Blin 2007). For example, in his Incoherence of the Incoherence, the seminal philosopher and jurist Ibn Rushd (d. 1198) opined that “heretics,” namely, those who violate the agreed upon principles of the divine law are apostates, ought to be killed (Khalidi 2005: 167). In the classical period of Islam, the issue of excommunication has often been a complex legal discussion among Islamic scholars and philosophers. The earliest systematic form of such theologically based excommunication appeared in the 660s, when a zealous militant opposition group of proto-Khawārij (lit. ‘those who go out’) or Khārijites, called upon Muslims to reject and rebel against ʿAlī’s political authority. The series of events within which later Khārijite theology started to crystalize is oftentimes described","PeriodicalId":410071,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements","volume":"350 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-06-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131190510","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Moorish Science Temple of America 美国的摩尔科学殿堂

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004435544_036

S. Johnson, Edward E. Curtis

引用次数: 0

The Cultural Genetics of the Aḥmadiyya Muslim Jamāʿat Aḥmadiyya穆斯林信札的文化遗传

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004435544_034

引用次数: 0

Introduction to Part 4 第4部分简介

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2021-06-23 DOI: 10.1163/9789004299344_017

Peggy Brock, N. Etherington, G. Griffiths, J. V. Gent

引用次数: 0

Introduction to Part 2 第2部分简介

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2019-03-04 DOI: 10.4324/9781351273640-2

G. Wrightson

引用次数: 0

The Faizrakhmanisty: The Islamic Sect as a Social Problem in Russia 法兹拉赫曼主义:作为俄罗斯社会问题的伊斯兰教派

Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements Pub Date : 2018-10-01 DOI: 10.5840/asrr201810949

Kaarina Aitamurto

{"title":"The Faizrakhmanisty: The Islamic Sect as a Social Problem in Russia","authors":"Kaarina Aitamurto","doi":"10.5840/asrr201810949","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5840/asrr201810949","url":null,"abstract":"In 2012, news about a police raid on the premises of an Islamic group named the Faizrakhmanisty (after its leader and initiator, Faizrakhman Sattarov) was reported across the Russian media.1 During the raid, it was said, the police found tens of children living underground in unsanitary conditions. Different versions of the story of this sect,2 which was said to be waiting for the end of the world in an isolated compound, spread rapidly throughout not only the Russian media, but also the Western media. The story of the Faizrakhmanisty brings together several topics that have been prominent in the recent political attitude toward Islam in Russia and representations of Islam in the Russian media. This chapter argues, first, that the term ‘sect’ is used frequently as an evaluative concept in the construction of certain Islamic organizations or phenomena in the Russian media. Second, it is suggested that the idea of the ‘totalitarian sect’, used in particular by ‘experts’ committed to the anti-cult stance to combat non-institutionalised or ‘non-traditional’ forms of Islam, is often introduced in the media to guide interpretations of Islam-related content. The chapter begins with a discussion about Islam, religious freedom, and media representations of religion in Russia. The first part of the analysis focuses on the ways that the term ‘sect’ is used in the Russian media by focusing on four very different phenomena that have been labeled as Islamic sects: Wahhābism, Hizb ut-Tahrir, Nurdzhular, and the National Organization of Russian Muslims (NORM). The second part of the analysis examines the case of the Faizrakhmanisty and its coverage in the media.","PeriodicalId":410071,"journal":{"name":"Handbook of Islamic Sects and Movements","volume":"87 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115885011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2