The American journal of orthopsychiatry最新文献_第10页

The concept of ego disturbances and ego support. 自我干扰和自我支持的概念。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.4159/harvard.9780674367012.c6

F. Redi

引用次数: 1

Epilogue for the special issue on sociocultural factors and mechanisms in alcohol use: Epidemiology, prevention, and intervention among ethnic minority groups: Lessons learned. 关于酒精使用的社会文化因素和机制的特刊后记:少数民族群体的流行病学、预防和干预:吸取的教训。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000423

S. Sue

{"title":"Epilogue for the special issue on sociocultural factors and mechanisms in alcohol use: Epidemiology, prevention, and intervention among ethnic minority groups: Lessons learned.","authors":"S. Sue","doi":"10.1037/ort0000423","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000423","url":null,"abstract":"The research articles in this special issue edited by Zamboanga and Lui focus on sociocultural factors and processes that underlie ethnic disparities in alcohol use in the United States. Major ethnic minority groups such as African Americans, Asian Americans, and Hispanics are included. Contributors to this special issue present their research findings and draw implications for research, theory, and intervention. The focus is clearly needed. We know enough to say that serious alcohol-use disparities exist; finding effective solutions to these problems is vitally important, especially in our increasingly diverse society; and much more research is needed. Priority for ethnic minority research has increased because of the growing ethnic diversity of the nation; concerns over disparities, social justice, and the welfare of minority populations; and increasing political clout of different minority groups. Nevertheless, greater efforts are needed to address research inadequacies and those programs and policies that affect the mental health of various ethnic minority groups. What have we learned from these articles? To address this question, it is important to have a context for viewing the research. In this context, I make three major points. First, the social sciences in general and psychology in particular have not traditionally embraced the importance of culture. Consequently, conducting ethnic minority research has been difficult. Second, the significance of ethnicity and culture in alcohol use is undeniable. The real task is to understand the complexities in ethnic alcohol use. Third, in addition to culture, ethnic minority groups have minority status in our society that affects all facets of alcohol use and its consequences. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"70 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127323436","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Relation of psychosocial factors to diverse behaviors and attitudes among Somali refugees. 社会心理因素与索马里难民各种行为和态度的关系。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000121

B. H. Ellis, Saida M Abdi, Vanja Lazarevic, Matthew T. White, A. Lincoln, Jessica Stern, J. Horgan

{"title":"Relation of psychosocial factors to diverse behaviors and attitudes among Somali refugees.","authors":"B. H. Ellis, Saida M Abdi, Vanja Lazarevic, Matthew T. White, A. Lincoln, Jessica Stern, J. Horgan","doi":"10.1037/ort0000121","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000121","url":null,"abstract":"Refugee studies have examined both resilience and adverse outcomes, but no research has examined how different outcomes co-occur or are distinct, and the social-contextual factors that give rise to these diverse outcomes. The current study begins to address this gap by using latent profile analysis to examine the ways in which delinquency, gang involvement, civic engagement, political engagement, and openness to violent extremism cluster among Somali refugees. We then use multivariable regression analyses to examine how adversity (e.g., discrimination, trauma, and marginalization) is associated with the identified latent classes. Data were collected from 374 Somali refugee young adults (Mage = 21.30 years, SD = 2.90, range 18-30, 38% female) from 4 different North American communities. Participants completed a structured survey assessing their experiences of adversity, delinquent and/or violent attitudes and behaviors (e.g., attitudes toward violent extremism, participation in delinquent behaviors, involvement in gangs), and positive outcomes (e.g., civic and political engagement). Our findings indicate that participants fall into 5 distinct groups, and that social-contextual and individual factors are uniquely related to those groups. Specifically, strong social bonds seem to be associated with positive outcomes. These findings point to the need to further examine both positive and negative outcomes, paying special attention to social-contextual factors. (PsycINFO Database Record","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"273 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130633024","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 48

Mastery motivation and school readiness among young children experiencing homelessness. 流浪儿童的掌握、动机和入学准备。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000428

Jyothi L. Ramakrishnan, A. Masten

{"title":"Mastery motivation and school readiness among young children experiencing homelessness.","authors":"Jyothi L. Ramakrishnan, A. Masten","doi":"10.1037/ort0000428","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000428","url":null,"abstract":"Psychosocial risk exposure in childhood is associated with a greater probability of emotional, behavioral, and academic problems. It is not surprising that children who experience homelessness, a marker of high cumulative risk, show significant emotional and behavioral problems and lower academic achievement than other children, including impoverished children who are not homeless. Nonetheless, some children manifest positive adjustment despite the hazards associated with homelessness, and it is important to identify protective influences that might be targeted for intervention. One potential factor is mastery motivation (MM), or the drive to control and master challenges, theoretically associated with resilience and empirically linked to adaptive cognitive outcomes in low-risk children. Currently, there is little research on MM in high-risk young children overall, and data are particularly limited on the key question of whether MM is associated with better outcomes in domains crucial for school readiness, including socioemotional adjustment, self-regulation, and academic competence. This study examined observed MM in 85 young children ages 3 to 5 living with their parents in an emergency shelter. Children completed behavioral tasks to assess MM, and measures linked with school readiness were assessed directly or by parent report. Higher MM was associated with better social and emotional functioning and emotion regulation but not math achievement or executive functioning. Follow-up analyses indicated that MM was indirectly associated with prosocial behavior through better emotion-regulation abilities. Implications are discussed for further research and for interventions designed to address educational disparities and promote school success for children experiencing homelessness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"93 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134442706","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 15

Profiles of bullying victimization, discrimination, social support, and school safety: Links with Latino/a youth acculturation, gender, depressive symptoms, and cigarette use. 欺凌受害、歧视、社会支持和学校安全的概况:与拉丁裔/黑人青年文化适应、性别、抑郁症状和吸烟的关系

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000113

Elma I Lorenzo-Blanco, J. Unger, A. Oshri, L. Baezconde-Garbanati, D. Soto

{"title":"Profiles of bullying victimization, discrimination, social support, and school safety: Links with Latino/a youth acculturation, gender, depressive symptoms, and cigarette use.","authors":"Elma I Lorenzo-Blanco, J. Unger, A. Oshri, L. Baezconde-Garbanati, D. Soto","doi":"10.1037/ort0000113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000113","url":null,"abstract":"Latino/a youth are at risk for symptoms of depression and cigarette smoking but this risk varies by acculturation and gender. To understand why some youth are at greater risk than others, we identified profiles of diverse community experiences (perceived discrimination, bullying victimization, social support, perceived school safety) and examined associations between profiles of community experience and depressive symptoms, cigarette smoking, acculturation, and gender. Data came from Project Red (Reteniendo y Entendiendo Diversidad para Salud), a school-based longitudinal study of acculturation among 1,919 Latino/a adolescents (52% female; 84% 14 years old; 87% U.S. born). Latent profile analysis (LPA) revealed 4 distinct profiles of community experience that varied by gender and acculturation. Boys were overrepresented in profile groups with high perceived discrimination, some bullying, and lack of positive experiences, while girls were overrepresented in groups with high bullying victimization in the absence and presence of other community experiences. Youth low on both U.S. and Latino/a cultural orientation described high perceived discrimination and lacked positive experiences, and were predominantly male. Profiles characterized by high perceived discrimination and /or high bullying victimization in the absence of positive experiences had higher levels of depressive symptoms and higher risk of smoking, relative to the other groups. Findings suggest that acculturation comes with diverse community experiences that vary by gender and relate to smoking and depression risk. Results from this research can inform the development of tailored intervention and prevention strategies to reduce depression and/or smoking for Latino/a youth.","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"34 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127609844","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 44

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1111/J.1939-0025.1987.TB03506.X

M. Wierzbicki

引用次数: 30

Role of kin and nonkin support in the mental health of low-income women. 亲属和非亲属支持在低收入妇女心理健康中的作用。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.39

E. Bassuk, K. Mickelson, Heidi D Bissell, J. Perloff

引用次数: 47

Single- and dual-trauma couples: clinical observations of relational characteristics and dynamics. 单一和双重创伤夫妇:关系特征和动态的临床观察。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/0002-9432.72.1.58

Briana S. Nelson, Scott Wangsgaard, J. Yorgason, M. Kessler, Elverta Carter-Vassol

引用次数: 37

Guardianship law versus supported decision-making policies: Perceptions of persons with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities and parents. 监护法与支持决策政策:智力或精神残疾者和父母的看法。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000125

S. Werner, Rachel Chabany

{"title":"Guardianship law versus supported decision-making policies: Perceptions of persons with intellectual or psychiatric disabilities and parents.","authors":"S. Werner, Rachel Chabany","doi":"10.1037/ort0000125","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000125","url":null,"abstract":"Article 12 of the Convention for the Rights of Persons with Disabilities recognizes all persons with disabilities as having legal capacity in all areas of life. However, in adherence to the Israeli Legal Capacity and Guardianship Law (1962), many persons with intellectual disability (ID) or mental illness (MI) have these rights revoked because of the appointment of a guardian. Little is known about these persons' perceptions about guardianship and supported decision making (SDM). Using focus groups, we examined the perceptions of persons with ID, persons with MI, and parents regarding guardianship and SDM. Most participants expressed their desire to adopt a model of SDM in their daily decision making, though differences were found among the groups. Persons with MI emphasized their right to be independent in decisions regarding their lives, and parents of these persons aspired to support their children to reach independence, except in times of crisis. Persons with ID also desired more independence, but they were uncertain if this would be possible for them. Some individuals with ID preferred that decisions regarding their lives be made on their behalf. Parents of persons with ID felt that it was critical for them to serve as guardians of their children. Recommendations are provided on how to promote the legal capacity of individuals with disabilities. (PsycINFO Database Record","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114786680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 17

Bringing juvenile justice and public health systems together to meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of justice-involved youth. 将少年司法和公共卫生系统结合起来，以满足参与司法的青年的性健康和生殖健康需求。

The American journal of orthopsychiatry Pub Date : 1900-01-01 DOI: 10.1037/ort0000604

Marina Tolou-Shams, Emily F. Dauria, R. Rosen, M. Clark, J. Spetz, Andrew Levine, Brandon D L Marshall, J. Folk, Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, A. Nunn

{"title":"Bringing juvenile justice and public health systems together to meet the sexual and reproductive health needs of justice-involved youth.","authors":"Marina Tolou-Shams, Emily F. Dauria, R. Rosen, M. Clark, J. Spetz, Andrew Levine, Brandon D L Marshall, J. Folk, Lakshmi Gopalakrishnan, A. Nunn","doi":"10.1037/ort0000604","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000604","url":null,"abstract":"Constitutional mandates require access to medical testing and treatment in correctional settings, including sexual and reproductive health (SRH) care services. These same mandates do not apply to youth supervised in the community, who represent the majority of justice-involved youth. Waiting until youth are in detention settings to provide access to SRH services misses an opportunity to improve health outcomes for youth who have earlier points of contact with the system. This mixed-methods study explored structural intervention development and policy geared toward increasing access to and uptake of SRH prevention, treatment, care, and support services for court-involved, nonincarcerated (CINI) youth. Data were collected from a nationwide survey (N = 226) and qualitative interviews (N = 18) with juvenile justice (JJ) and public health (PH) system stakeholders between December 2015 and January 2017. Results suggest both PH and JJ stakeholders perceive CINI youth as having substantial, largely unmet SRH care needs due to a lack of services, policies, or procedures to address these needs. Barriers to implementing programs and policies to improve SRH services for this population include limited resources (e.g., staffing, time); perceived irrelevance for juvenile court, probation, or other community supervision settings; and concerns about confidentiality, privacy, and information sharing. Recommendations for effective intervention included colocating services, justice-to-community referrals, and service linkages (e.g., through a community health navigator), and staff education around youth SRH confidentiality and information-sharing practices. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).","PeriodicalId":409666,"journal":{"name":"The American journal of orthopsychiatry","volume":"38 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125408827","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0