{"title":"Faking it, Making it: Fooling and Improving Brain-Based Authentication with Generative Adversarial Networks","authors":"Tanya Piplani, Nick Merrill, J. Chuang","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698606","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698606","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we empirically demonstrate the vulnerability of a passthought authentication system to fake signals generated by Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), and use these same signals to make authenticators more robust. We first train a classifier that is able to authenticate a subject based on their EEG signals. The classifier performs a binary classification task: either the user is who they claim to be, or not. To test the robustness of the authenticator against attacks we train a GAN to generate signals that mimic the EEG signals of the “positive” subject. We find that a well-trained GAN is able to generate signals that the classifier consistently accepts. To alleviate this vulnerability, we re-train the classifier with this GAN-generated data. We find that the classifier re-trained against synthetic data is both more robust against this attack, and more accurate in accepting real data than the initial classifier. We conclude with recommendations for the design of passthought authentication systems.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125379492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"On the Use of Mobile Calling Patterns for Soft Biometric Classification","authors":"T. Neal, D. Woodard","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698591","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present an analysis of soft biometric classification and user identification using six months of calling logs from 46 smartphone users. We introduce a ranking methodology to quantify the discriminating strength of thirteen soft biometric classes. These ranked classes are then used to reduce the search space during the biometric identification task for potentially improving recognition accuracy. However, findings indicate that the dynamic nature of calling habits significantly complicates user identification, particularly when soft biometric information is incorporated.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"66 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114107641","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John J. Howard, Andrew J. Blanchard, Yevgeniy B. Sirotin, Jacob A. Hasselgren, A. Vemury
{"title":"On Efficiency and Effectiveness Tradeoffs in High-Throughput Facial Biometric Recognition Systems","authors":"John J. Howard, Andrew J. Blanchard, Yevgeniy B. Sirotin, Jacob A. Hasselgren, A. Vemury","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698598","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698598","url":null,"abstract":"This research discusses the evaluation of biometric systems that are designed to process hundreds to tens of thousands of individuals in short time spans. We propose a method for evaluating a system's performance across capture attempts for the purpose of identifying characteristics that are advantageous in these high-throughput environments. We also present a novel modification to the traditionally accepted biometric performance metrics of failure-to-acquire, and true-match rate. Namely, this paradigm shift holds that these metrics are a function of time and, as such, vary with the time available for a biometric system to interact with a user. This research demonstrates the utility of these time-based metrics in evaluating the performance of multiple, commercially available, high-throughput systems. We show that different biometric systems have notably different time-based performance curves using a corpus of data collected during the 2018 Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T) Biometric Technology Rally. These curves and the deviations between them are useful when quantifying the suitability of a technology, evaluated via scenario testing, for deployment in an operational environment where the throughput of the target population is a key performance parameter.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133410701","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
C. Zeinstra, D. Meuwly, R. Veldhuis, L. Spreeuwers
{"title":"Mind the Gap: A Practical Framework for Classifiers in a Forensic Context","authors":"C. Zeinstra, D. Meuwly, R. Veldhuis, L. Spreeuwers","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698583","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698583","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we present a practical framework that addresses six, mostly forensic, aspects that can be considered during the design and evaluation of biometric classifiers for the purpose of forensic evidence evaluation. Forensic evidence evaluation is a central activity in forensic case work, it includes the assessment of strength of evidence of trace and reference specimens and its outcome may be used in a court of law. The addressed aspects consider the modality and features, the biometric score and its forensic use, and choice and evaluation of several performance characteristics and metrics. The aim of the framework is to make the design and evaluation choices more transparent. We also present two applications of the framework pertaining to forensic face recognition. Using the framework, we can demonstrate large and explainable variations in discriminating power between subjects.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133511470","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Orientation Field Estimation for Latent Fingerprints by Exhaustive Search of Large Database","authors":"Qihao Yin, Jianjiang Feng, Jiwen Lu, Jie Zhou","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698594","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698594","url":null,"abstract":"Orientation field estimation is one of the most important steps in latent fingerprint recognition systems. However, due to very poor image quality, the performances of the state-of-the-art algorithms of orientation field estimation are still far from satisfactory. Based on the assumption that a sufficiently large fingerprint database should contain fingerprints whose orientation fields are quite similar to a latent fingerprint, we propose an orientation field estimation algorithm based on exhaustive search of large database for nearest neighbor. We set up a large database of 10,000 fingerprints of good quality, whose orientation fields and poses are estimated offline using traditional methods. Given a latent fingerprint as input, the most similar orientation field in the database is found and is combined with the original latent image to obtain the final orientation field. As a by product, we also obtain the pose of the latent fingerprint, which can be useful for fingerprint registration. The experimental results on NIST SD27 latent database show our method performs better than the state-of-the-art algorithms, in both orientation field estimation accuracy and identification performance, especially on those fingerprints of very poor quality.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114947361","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biometric Distinctiveness of Brain Signals Based on EEG","authors":"Sukun Li, Sung-Hyuk Cha, C. Tappert","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698540","url":null,"abstract":"Electroencephalography (EEG)brain signals have been utilized in various pattern recognition applications such as biometrics and emotion detection. EEGsignals provide the relevant information of individual differences which can be potentially used as salientfeatures for user recognition. The majority of previous studies on the brain signal biometric had been conducted with subjects in resting states with eyes closed or opened. In this paper, the brain signal biometric distinctiveness is evaluated under subjects ’active states, i. e.,different emotional states. The EEG signal sample was obtained from 32 channels. Each sample differs depending on subjects ’emotional states. This research is conducted to evaluate which channel is most effective for the purpose of biometric verification. We observe that channels with high biometric distinctiveness in the active state differfrom those in resting state and provide those respects mappings.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127668236","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Dual-Minimax Probability Machines for One-class Mobile Active Authentication","authors":"Pramuditha Perera, Vishal M. Patel","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698603","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698603","url":null,"abstract":"Active Authentication(AA) systems operating on mobile devices are expected to continuously authenticate the enrolled user based on enrolled sensor observations. Due to unavailability of training samples from negative classes, AA can be viewed as a one-class classification problem. In this work we introduce a Single-class Minimax Probability Machine(1-MPM) based solution called Dual Minimax Probability Machines(DMPM) for AA applications. In contrast to 1-MPM, proposed method has two notable differences. 1) We learn an additional hyper-plane to separate training data from the origin by taking into account maximum data covariance. 2) We consider the possibility of modeling the underline distribution of training data as a collection of sub-distributions. Intersection of negative half spaces defined by the two learned hyper-planes is considered to be the negative space during inference. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed mechanism by performing evaluations on three publicly available face based AA datasets.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"92 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127727246","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BTAS 2018 Program","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/btas.2018.8698592","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2018.8698592","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121858260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"BTAS 2018 Organizing Committee","authors":"","doi":"10.1109/btas.2018.8698582","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/btas.2018.8698582","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"72 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125634845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
John J. Howard, Andrew J. Blanchard, Yevgeniy B. Sirotin, Jacob A. Hasselgren, A. Vemury
{"title":"An Investigation of High-Throughput Biometric Systems: Results of the 2018 Department of Homeland Security Biometric Technology Rally","authors":"John J. Howard, Andrew J. Blanchard, Yevgeniy B. Sirotin, Jacob A. Hasselgren, A. Vemury","doi":"10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698547","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/BTAS.2018.8698547","url":null,"abstract":"The 2018 Biometric Technology Rally was an evaluation, sponsored by the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, Science and Technology Directorate (DHS S&T), that challenged industry to provide face or face/iris systems capable of unmanned, traveler identification in a high-throughput security environment. Selected systems were installed at the Maryland Test Facility (MdTF), a DHS S&T affiliated bio-metrics testing laboratory, and evaluated using a population of 363 naive human subjects recruited from the general public. The performance of each system was examined based on measured throughput, capture capability, matching capability, and user satisfaction metrics. This research documents the performance of unmanned face and face/iris systems required to maintain an average total subject interaction time of less than 10 seconds. The results highlight discrepancies between the performance of biometric systems as anticipated by the system designers and the measured performance, indicating an incomplete understanding of the main determinants of system performance. Our research shows that failure-to-acquire errors, unpredicted by system designers, were the main driver of non-identification rates instead of failure-to-match errors, which were better predicted. This outcome indicates the need for a renewed focus on reducing the failure-to-acquire rate in high-throughput, unmanned biometric systems.","PeriodicalId":409205,"journal":{"name":"2018 IEEE 9th International Conference on Biometrics Theory, Applications and Systems (BTAS)","volume":"21 10","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2018-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131957281","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}