Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research最新文献

{"title":"The Interaction Effect of Facial and Voice Attraction on Overall Perceived Attractiveness","authors":"Sheila Bonnough, E. Moore","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.3.231","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.3.231","url":null,"abstract":"231 COPYRIGHT 2017 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 22, NO. 3/ISSN 2325-7342) Attraction is the force that draws people together for the purpose of procreation, and physical attraction strongly influences mate choice (Fraccaro et al., 2010; Gallup & Frederick, 2010; O’Connor et al., 2012; Puts, Jones, & DeBruine, 2012; Saxton, Caryl, & Roberts, 2006). Evidence has suggested that attractiveness may be an underlying signal of health including how long individuals will live and their fertility (Gallup & Frederick, 2010), which indicates that perceived differences in attractiveness could serve an evolutionary advantage in identifying healthier mates. Attraction extends beyond mate selection, however, because people are able to perceive the attractiveness of others of the same sex. This helps to determine competition and the hierarchy of competing mates. It has been found that people who are considered more attractive are also believed to have more favorable personality traits (Zhao, Zhou, Shi, & Zhang, 2015; Zuckerman & Sinicropi, 2011). However, attractiveness can be indicated by features besides the physical appearance of one’s face and body; one’s voice, for example, may be an indicator of attractiveness. The association of favorable characteristics with attractiveness extends beyond physical attractiveness to perceived vocal","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114966778","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Anti-Immigration Media Portrayals and Latinx Well-Being","authors":"D. Jauregui, Nataria T. Joseph, Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN26.2.238","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN26.2.238","url":null,"abstract":"O. El estudio examinó el impacto inmediato de la exposición a sentimientos anti-inmigrantes en el bienestar psicológico de los adultos jóvenes latinx. Se utilizó un diseño cuasiexperimental de factores mixtos para analizar las diferencias en el estado de ánimo, el estrés, la identificación étnica y la motivación para actuar después de ser expuesto a un video estresante a través de cuatro grupos: inmigrantes de América Latina, latinoamericanos de primera generación, latinoamericanos de segunda generación para arriba, y los estadounidenses blancos que no son latinx o inmigrante. Trescientos cuarenta participantes, de entre 18 y 30 años, fueron asignados aleatoriamente a la condición experimental que involucra un video anti-inmigratorio o a la condición de control que involucra un video multivitamínico. Como hipotetizado, aquellos que vieron el video Anti-Immigration Media Portrayals and Latinx Well-Being Daisy Jauregui, Nataria T. Joseph*, and Elizabeth J. Krumrei-Mancuso* Department of Psychology, Pepperdine University https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN26.2.238","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114982393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Social Anxiety, Observed Performance, and Perceived Social Competencies in Late-Adolescent Friendships","authors":"B. N. Kuder, Rachel L. Grover","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.1.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.1.10","url":null,"abstract":"10 COPYRIGHT 2014 BY PSI CHI, THE INTERNATIONAL HONOR SOCIETY IN PSYCHOLOGY (VOL. 19, NO. 1/ISSN 2164-8204) *Faculty mentor Social anxiety, discernible by overwhelming worry and self-consciousness in social situations, may reduce quality of life and impair the ability to fulfill daily living responsibilities, achieve educational goals, operate in the workplace, and function in both novel and everyday social situations (Stein & Kean, 2000). Even individuals with subthreshold forms of social anxiety may experience many of these functional impairments (Dell’Osso et al., 2003). Recent estimates rank social anxiety as the second most common psychiatric disorder, with a 12-month prevalence of 6.8% (Kessler, Chiu, Demler, & Walters, 2005) and a lifetime prevalence of 12.1% (Kessler, Berglund et al., 2005). Social anxiety proves to be both a serious and common issue, especially because few community members seek treatment and are thus left unaccounted in these statistics (Stein, Torgrud, & Walker, 2000). The severity of social anxiety is further underscored by its early typical age of onset, in early to middle adolescence (Mannuzza, Fyer, Liebowitz, & Klein, 1990). Of the estimated 17 million U.S. adults who suffer from social anxiety, 75% of them developed social anxiety by the age of 15, and 90% of them by the age of 23 (Kessler, Berglund et al., 2005). Adolescence is a particularly vulnerable time for social anxiety due to increases in social demands and heightened fears of negative social evaluations (Westenberg, Gullone, Bokhorst, Heyne, & King, 2007). For the first time, most adolescents begin to spend more time with peers than with their parents (Crosnoe, 2000). To cope with their anxiety, socially anxious adolescents may withdraw from social interactions, thus limiting their social contact at a time when close friendships are of increasing importance to development (Kingery, Erdley, Marshall, Whitaker, & Reuter, 2010). ABSTRACT. The functioning of socially anxious college students in friendships is surprisingly unexplored, given the prevalence and severity of psychopathology as well as the importance of close social relationships at this developmental stage. The current study sought to examine the perceived social competencies of socially anxious late adolescents and their observable behavior in conversation with friends. A sample of 54 undergraduate students completed the Social Anxiety Scale for Adolescents (SAS-A; La Greca & Lopez, 1998) and the Interpersonal Competence Questionnaire (ICQ; Buhrmester, Furman, Wittenberg, & Reis, 1988). In addition, each was videotaped in a 10 min conversation with a friend, and coders rated each interaction using the Social Performance Rating Scale (SPRS; Fydrich, Chambless, Perry, Buergener, & Beazley, 1998). General social anxiety (Total SAS-A) scores were significantly negatively correlated with perceived general interpersonal competencies (r = -.51, p < .001), comfort (r = -.27, p = .05), and length (r = -","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"9 5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116966905","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Attention to Environmental Context Cues and Response Modulation: A Measure of Psychopathy and Cognition in a University Setting","authors":"B. Travers","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN11.3.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN11.3.119","url":null,"abstract":"119 Copyright 2006 by Psi Chi, The National Honor Society in Psychology (Vol. 11, No. 3, 119–126 / ISSN 1089-4136). It is estimated that psychopaths are responsible for more than 50% of all serious crimes, which makes it imperative for researchers to investigate the nature and etiology of this disorder (Hare, 1993). Psychopathy is characterized by glibness or superficiality, egocentrism, lack of remorse or guilt, lack of empathy, deceitfulness or manipulativeness, and shallow affect (Cleckley, 1976; Hare, 1991). This constellation of traits is most often associated with an antisocial lifestyle (Hare, 1993). Many researchers have suggested that the psychopathic traits of lack of remorse or guilt, lack of empathy, manipulativeness, and shallow affect might be due to a cognitive deficit that inhibits the psychopath’s ability to regulate his or her behavior (see Patterson & Newman, 1993). The purpose of the current study is to examine the possible existence of this cognitive deficit in noninstitutionalized students with psychopathic traits. According to a rather substantial body of literature, this cognitive deficit is evident in the psychopaths’s general learning and information processing difficulties (Bechara, Damasio, & Damasio, 1994; Lykken, 1995; Patterson & Newman, 1993). In particular, psychopaths have demonstrated general insensitivity to punishment, while conversely demonstrating a hypersensitivity to reward (Patterson & Newman). Lykken suggested that the psychopath’s insensitivity to punishment was a result of a dimmed experience of anxiety or fear. According to Lykken’s low-fear hypothesis, psychopaths have difficulty experiencing the emotional components of fear, which results in the psychopath’s lack of motivation to avoid punishment in general. Other researchers have tried to explain the psychopath’s lack of response to punishment in physiological terms. For example, Bechara et al. noted that patients with ventromedial prefrontal damage had personality characteristics similar to that of psychopaths such as a lack of fear of punishment, lack of emotion, and a general lack of conscience. However, possible hypersensitivity to reward in the patients with ventromedial prefrontal damage was not investigated. A more cognitive-based explanation of a psychopath’s lack of sensitivity to punishment and the presence of resultant antisocial behavior is Patterson and Newman’s (1993) response modulation hypothesis. According to Patterson and Newman, psychopaths have difficulty processing peripheral information when they are engaged in goal-directed behavior. Without BRITTANY TRAVERS","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117054265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Prohibiting Gestures on Speech Production","authors":"A. M. Douglas, L. E. James","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.2.58","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.2.58","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117107220","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exposure to Media on Perceptions of Violence as a Function of Trait Aggression and Athletic Status","authors":"Courtney Gross, A. Mendoza","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.147","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.147","url":null,"abstract":"Little research has been conducted regarding the perceptions of violence and the variables that influence these perceptions, especially in a population primed for more aggressive behaviors than others: collegiate athletes. The present study examined the effects of trait aggression and exposure to media on perceptions of violence in athletes using a 2 x 2 x 3 design. Participants (N = 91) were randomly assigned to watch a violent or nonviolent video clip after completing a demographic questionnaire that included athletic status and a trait aggression questionnaire. After watching the clip, participants completed a provocation stories task. Although there was no main effect of exposure to media, F(1, 79) = 0.18, p = .675, η p = .002, power = .070, there were main effects for trait aggression, F(1, 79) = 16.47, p ≤ .001, η p = .173, power = .980, and athletic status, F(2, 79) = 4.88, p = .010, η p = .110, power = .789. No 2-way interactions were observed. Results indicated a statistically significant 3-way interaction, F(2, 79) = 3.17, p = .047, η p = .074, power = .592. The study’s implications for college students, especially those with high levels of trait aggression, and future directions are discussed. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.147","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116337882","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Effects of Yoga on Self-Objectification","authors":"Desiré Shepler, Gwen Lupfer-Johnson, I. Rivkin","doi":"10.24839/1089-4136.JN13.4.168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/1089-4136.JN13.4.168","url":null,"abstract":"Objectification theory postulates that women exist in a cultural milieu of sexual messages that serves to socialize women and girls to view themselves as objects to be examined by others (Fredrickson & Roberts, 1997). As a result girls and women internalize an observer’s perspective of themselves, concentrating on how they look at the expense of being aware of how they feel, an effect termed self-objectification. The present study investigated whether yoga can reduce self-objectification. Yoga is a mind-body exercise which emphasizes awareness of internal states at the expense of awareness of outward appearance. A certified Kundalini instructor taught yoga classes to adolescent participants. Participants completed self-objectification measures before and after their yoga classes. Overall, results were promising and provided limited support for the hypothesis that yoga instruction can reduce self-objectification. Implications for future research on yoga interventions for selfobjectification are discussed.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"174 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116338578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Optimism and College Grades: Predicting GPA From Explanatory Style","authors":"Viliyana Maleva, K. Westcott, Mark McKellop, Ronald McLaughlin, D. Widman","doi":"10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.3.129","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2164-8204.JN19.3.129","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"335 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116465901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Parental Attachment Predicting Emotions and Stress During Positive Life Events","authors":"Abigail A. Camden, Jennifer L. Hughes","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.119","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN23.2.119","url":null,"abstract":"Relationships with parents such as those addressed in attachment theory can dictate emotion processing and perception of situations. Namely, insecure parental attachment (i.e., higher attachment-based anxiety and avoidance scores; Fraley, Heffernan, Vicary, & Brumbaugh, 2011b) can compromise emotion regulation and affect. However, although previous attachment research has addressed emotions during daily positive events (Gentzler, Kerns, & Keener, 2010), to our knowledge no studies have evaluated participants’ attachment in relation to their emotions during major positive life events that involve their parents (e.g., a wedding or holiday). Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate this and extend previous research (Gentzler & Kerns, 2006; Gentzler et al., 2010; Sheinbaum et al., 2015). This is important because major positive life events might solidify internal working models of attachment. Additionally, secure attachment and savoring positive emotions correlate with well-being. Participants (N = 310; Mage = 31.26) completed measures of attachment (i.e., attachment-based anxiety and avoidance) and emotions (e.g., joy, stress) in positive life events involving parents. Results of multiple hierarchical regression showed that insecure attachment predicted decreased joy (p < .001) and increased stress (p < .001) for positive events, after controlling for gender and age. Similarly, for imagined future events, insecure attachment predicted less positive emotions (p < .001) and more negative emotions (p < .001). These results imply that parental attachment can negatively impact positive emotions such as joy during positive life events. Implications and applications are discussed.","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123409755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Exploring Sexual Self-Concept in a Community-Based Sample of LGB and Heterosexual Adults","authors":"Dustin K. Shepler, Kevin P. Johnson, Melanie A. Ho","doi":"10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.2.98","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.2.98","url":null,"abstract":"Compared to heterosexual individuals, people who identify as lesbian, gay, or bisexual (LGB) face unique stressors in life. In this exploratory study, the authors recruited attendees at a LGB Pride event to gain understanding regarding how sexual identity and gender are related to 2 components of sexual self-concept: sexual esteem and sexual anxiety. Results indicated that sexual esteem was negatively related to sexual anxiety (r = -.35, p < .001), women reported higher levels of sexual esteem than men (M = 31.30, SD = 6.40), and men (M = 17.14, SD = 7.20) reported higher levels of sexual anxiety than women (M = 15.10, SD = 6.80). No significant interaction effects between sexual identity and gender on sexual esteem and sexual anxiety were observed. Future research is needed to further understand how sexual orientation identity development influences sexual self-concept. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN22.2.98","PeriodicalId":407971,"journal":{"name":"Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123488539","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}