Ukrainian Metrological Journal最新文献

{"title":"The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of the thousand-seed weight in accredited testing laboratories","authors":"Olha Samoilichenko, V.M. Mokiichuk","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282627","url":null,"abstract":"The evaluation of the measurement uncertainty of the seed quality indicators is an integral part of testing in accredited testing laboratories. The thousand-seed weight is one of the essential indicators, the limit values of which are not standardized, but are taken into account when determining the cost of a lot of seeds or seeding rates. \u0000The developed method for evaluating the measurement uncertainty of the thousand-seed weight by measuring two weights of 500 seeds is presented in the paper. According to the analysis of a basic calculation formula, the impact of correctness and accuracy on the measurement uncertainty was assessed. It was shown that the major measurement uncertainty components are uncertainties of weighting and repeatability. The repeatability is advisable to be evaluated by Type В using the limit of repeatability, if the national standard specifies the testing method. The authors have analysed the conditions when other components can be neglected. The uncertainty budget and an example of its calculation were received.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45722959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Road lighting and mesopic vision","authors":"Leonid Nazarenko, Olena Didenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282600","url":null,"abstract":"Human beings perceive information from the environment by using their sense organs. Vision is believed to provide the most information. There are three categories of vision: scotopic, mesopic, and photopic vision. The activity of two types of light-sensitive receptors in the eye, cones and rods, is different for each category. Cones and rods have a unique ability to adapt to different levels of illumination. Adaptation is the ability of the human eye to adapt to changing lighting conditions. Thanks to this mechanism, the human visual system has the ability to operate in a very wide range of pupil illuminations, that is, at different adaptive levels. At very low adaptive levels, only the rods are active, and the vision is called scotopic. As adaptive levels increase, starting at 0.005 cd/m2, the rods become less active, meanwhile the cones become active, and then the vision is called mesopic. At adaptive levels above 5 cd/m2, only cones are active, and the vision becomes photopic. Cones and rods have different spectral sensitivities: rods are more sensitive to short wavelengths, while cones are most sensitive within the visible spectral range. Cones are concentrated mainly in the part of the retina of the eye that is used for direct (on-line) vision, while rods are localized only in the areas used for peripheral vision. As a result, in case of mesopic vision, the peripheral vision becomes better with light sources that have a relatively large component of short wavelengths. The same is true for the subjective perception of brightness. At low adaptation levels, more rods become active, and thus these benefits are greater at low illumination levels. \u0000Since photometric units are based on photopic vision, these advantages are not obvious. Thus, the correction factors should be determined according to the spectrum of light sources, which is characterized by the S/P ratio, and the illumination levels of road lighting. \u0000The International Commission on Illumination has prepared a standard (CIE 115:2010 Lighting of roads for motor and pedestrian traffic). The main goals of road lighting are to ensure visual performance, visual comfort and to keep drivers alert.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47762845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Implementation of NATO standards to improve the electromagnetic immunity and compatibility of equipment of the critical infrastructure objects","authors":"P. Neyezhmakov, S. Buriakovskyi, O. Vasylieva, V. Velychko, Fedir Venislavskyi, S. Rudenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282464","url":null,"abstract":"Ensuring that domestic technical equipment meets modern safety and reliability requirements in accordance with NATO standards is a pressing problem in Ukraine. Without metrological support for testing the electromagnetic compatibility and immunity to powerful electromagnetic fields of natural and artificial origin, it is impossible to ensure reliable and safe use of modern electronic, electroenergetics and electric equipment in critical infrastructure facilities. \u0000The paper presents the metrological traceability paths of the state measurement standards in the field of electromagnetic measurements, established at the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, to the SI units. The results of the research on the measurement standard of the electromagnetic field strength unit in the frequency range from 0.01 MHz to 43 GHz (NDETU EM-05-2021), established at the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, are described. The connection of the NDETU EM-05-2021 measurement standard with the measurement standards of the power unit of electromagnetic oscillations in coaxial and waveguide transmission lines and the standard of AC electric voltage is demonstrated. \u0000The lists of tests in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard, which are supported by the measurement standards of the NSC “Institute of Metrology”, and the equipment that can be calibrated by the national measurement standards are given. The examples of tests for electromagnetic compatibility carried out in the testing centre of the State Enterprise “Kharkivstandartmetrologiya” are provided. \u0000Based on the results of the developed statistical models at the Research and Design Institute “Molniya” for predicting the vulnerability to electromagnetic effects of atmospheric phenomena on critical infrastructure facilities, the examples of the distribution of lines of the equal potential (in kilovolts) on the ground surface in the short circuit mode and the distributions of probability density of lightning strikes are presented. The distributions of the equal potential lines on the ground surface in the short-circuit mode of high-voltage substations are modelled based on calculations.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43420100","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrological studies of a reference installation for reproducing the mass flow of humid air","authors":"O. Serediuk, V. Malisevych, V. Tkachuk","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282617","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282617","url":null,"abstract":"The relevance of the development and metrological studies of reference installations when working in a humid gas medium is considered. The concept of creating a reference installation for reproducing the mass flow of humid air is outlined. An algorithm for the operation of a reference installation has been developed, which provides for the generation of water vapour as a component of the gas flow. Based on the algorithm and operation features of a reference installation, a list of the considered type A uncertainties, which relate to the estimation of the air volume measured by a reference meter, duration of the control volume reproduction, mass of generated water vapour during the period of reproduction of the volume, and relative humidity of the ambient air, was formulated. Type B uncertainties are considered, which are determined by metrological characteristics of the used measuring equipment: reference gas meter, chronometer, hygrometer, manometer, thermometer, and instruments for measuring the mass of generated moisture. Algorithms for evaluating the standard uncertainty by using the standard reference data are given: pressure and density of saturated water vapours, and air density under standard conditions. The formula and algorithm for its metrological evaluation based on the uncertainty theory for determining the compressibility coefficient of the ambient air used during the operation of the installation, taking into account its relative humidity, are also presented. The expressions for evaluating the combined and extended uncertainties of the developed installation are given. \u0000The developed model relates to the mass measurement of wet gas and allows assessing the influence of operating conditions of the installation on the indications of the mass flow measuring equipment of various operating principles, for example, thermo-anemometric, ultrasonic. \u0000The developed metrological model can be used to estimate metrological characteristics of reference installations operating in different types of gaseous medium, including natural gas.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-04-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41516649","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Comparative analysis of measurement accuracy characteristics","authors":"I. Zakharov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276328","url":null,"abstract":"The parallel coexistence of the error theory and the concept of uncertainty in Ukraine for almost 30 years has brought about constant discussions and raised the issue of their analysis and comparison. \u0000The concept of uncertainty is the product of an international standardization process for the evaluation of measurement accuracy. The development of the concept was based on analysing and generalizing the documents on error evaluation, relevant in different countries, therefore many elements of both approaches coincide. Nevertheless, there are a number of mathematical, terminological, and conceptual differences that are considered in this paper. \u0000It should be noted that while the development of the error theory stopped at the end of the 90s of the last century, the concept of uncertainty has been successfully developing since then thanks to the activities of the JCGM and a number of other international organizations. Along with the GUM, a variant of implementing the model approach has been introduced based on the Monte Carlo method, an empirical approach has been developed, and the revision of the GUM has been initiated based on the Bayesian inference. \u0000Nevertheless, both concepts have internal contradictions and shortcomings, with which even their creators themselves agree. \u0000Therefore, the task of theoretical metrologists is to develop a unified theory for evaluating the accuracy of measurements, eliminating the shortcomings of both approaches. \u0000Quantitative differences of accuracy estimates in the theory of errors and the concept of uncertainty are considered, which are related to the ways of expressing and summing the components, as well as obtaining interval accuracy estimates. \u0000In view of the imperfection of normative documents on the error theory, as well as the widespread use of the ISO/IEC 17025 standard in Ukraine, it is advisable to reformulate the curricula for metrological specialities replacing the theory of errors with the concept of uncertainty.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"68827036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Estimation of the uncertainty bands of regression line for correlated data of variable Y using the GUM rules","authors":"Z. Warsza, J. Puchalski","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276311","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276311","url":null,"abstract":"The estimation of the accuracy of the linear regression method used for measurements based on the GUM recommendations is considered. The impact of correlation and autocorrelation of the variable Y data together with type A and type B uncertainties, not provided in statistical literature about regression methods, is discussed. The theoretical backgrounds are given. The simulated examples of determining the uncertainty bands of the regression line fitted to the measured points with different cases of correlated values and absolute and relative uncertainties of type A and type B of the dependent variable Y are considered.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48938471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Type B uncertainty of two-channel measurements","authors":"M. Dorozhovets","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276316","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276316","url":null,"abstract":"The paper presents the problems of evaluating the standard uncertainty of measuring a quantity using the type B method, the result of which is the average value of the results obtained from two channels with the same parameters, for example, as the indications of two measuring instruments of the same type. It is shown that for given values of maximum permissible errors (MPE) of measuring instruments and their readings x1 and x2, the uncertainty of the result determined a posteriori is not equal to the uncertainty determined by the conventional method (GUM). It is shown that when the measurement result is determined as arithmetic mean y=(x1+x2)/2, additional information as the half distance of readings v=|x1-x2|/2 can be used to correctly determine the standard uncertainty of such measurement. Depending on the half distance of readings, the standard uncertainty can theoretically vary from its maximum value (the readings of both meters are equal) to zero (with maximum difference in readings). The analysis of the uncertainty was carried out for uniform distributions of possible deviations of the readings of measuring instruments within their MPE. The results of simulations by the modified Monte-Carlo method, which show good convergence with theoretical results, are given.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46030806","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Practical aspects of Bayesian multivariate meta-analysis","authors":"Olha Bodnar, Taras Bodnar","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276300","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276300","url":null,"abstract":"Multivariate meta-analysis is a mostly used approach when multivariate results of several studies are pooled together. The multivariate model of random effects provides a tool to perform the multivariate meta-analysis in practice. In this paper, we discuss Bayesian inference procedures derived for the multivariate model of random effects when the model parameters are endowed with two non-informative priors: the Berger-Bernardo reference prior and the Jeffreys prior. Moreover, two Metropolis-Hastings algorithms are presented, and their convergence properties are analysed via simulations.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47543034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Metrological conformity of classification of objects according to properties represented by ordinal and nominal scales","authors":"N. Yaremchuk, E. Volodarsky, O.U. Hoda","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276324","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276324","url":null,"abstract":"To achieve metrological conformity, the procedure of classification of objects, based on observations of ordinal and nominal properties, provides for verification of the classified data performing reference measurements followed by further consideration of their uncertainties. The result of the verification is the compliance of the categories of nominal and ordinal properties, to which their manifestations are attributed according to observations, with the categories established by the reference procedure. To account for the uncertainty of the reference procedure, a matrix of the reference relation is composed, which characterizes the correspondence of the categories established by the reference procedure to the true categories according to their definition. To obtain the classification reliability indicators, it is suggested to combine the ordinal variances of the verification matrices and the reference ratio followed by the estimation of conditional probabilities characterizing the classification reliability.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44981527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Using the average air temperature along the trace for atmospheric correction in laser ranging: accuracy analysis","authors":"P. Neyezhmakov, A. Prokopov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276320","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2022.276320","url":null,"abstract":"One of the factors affecting the results of laser ranging measurements on ground-level traces is the difference between the speed of light propagation in the Earth’s atmosphere and the speed of light in vacuum. This difference is accounted for by the introduction of a correction for the mean integral refractive index of air along the measured trace. Research to improve the accuracy of such a correction is one of the most important scientific fields in geodesy and metrology. At the same time, the empirical approach to accounting for the atmospheric influence, which does not have a strict justification, is used in geodetic practice and involves determining the mean integral refractive index by the average air temperature along the measured trace. The paper is dedicated to the analysis of the accuracy of this empirical approach and to the estimation of the possibility of its application for providing traceability in the practice of linear measurements.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2022-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42305144","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}