Ukrainian Metrological Journal最新文献

{"title":"Method of justification of the requirements for metrological support of repair of objects with variable structure","authors":"Y. Ryzhov, L. Sakovych, Yana Kuriata, Oleksandr Sliusarchuk, Oleksandr Volkov, Yuriy Nastishin","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291931","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291931","url":null,"abstract":"A new method of justification of the requirements for measuring equipment (ME) is proposed. For the first time, the method accounts for the potential variability of the product structure during its intended use, and thus, allows minimizing the requirements concerning the probability of estimating the values of diagnostic parameters of the product during its current repair (CR), thereby reducing the cost of ME. In addition, partial (in particular, time between failures and average recovery time) and multi-component (in particular, the readiness/non-readiness factors) values of the reliability indices are quantitatively estimated and which meet the requirements. The task is solved algorithmically using the approaches of technical diagnostics and metrology. Based on the prescribed requirements for the reliability indices of the product, the justified ME for CR is selected. To achieve the goal, recent advances in modelling the reliability of large-scale facilities and systems with variable structure, as well as metrology methods for assessing the impact of the reliability of the ME on the value of the average recovery time of multimode facilities during their CR are involved. To our best knowledge, the application of these possibilities has not been reported yet. The paper formalizes the procedure for applying the obtained results in the form of an algorithm, which allows increasing the efficiency of the method, benefiting from its advantages. The application of the proposed method is illustrated for a piece of real communication equipment, namely a subsystem controlling the functioning of a high-power radio transmitter. It is demonstrated that, based on the requirements stated in the guidance documents regarding the value of the average recovery time of an object with variable structure, the selection of metrological characteristics and type of ME can be justified. Alternatively, the problem can be solved based on the given value of the reliability index of a multicomponent product, the so-called readiness factor. An example of assessing the efficiency by the proposed method is presented. The proposed method is recommended for the development of metrological support for CR of prospective radio-electronic tools with variable structure.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317034","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Digital instrument construction – “new” metrology","authors":"Pavel Neyezhmakov, Olena Vasylieva, Yurii Pavlenko, V. Ogar","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291854","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291854","url":null,"abstract":"As of today, Ukraine maintains a number of primary radio measurement standards established at the end of the last century. However, there is an abundance of high-tech multi-functional measuring equipment being widely spread for the purpose of metrological support (verification, repair, calibration). This circumstance requires the adaptation of the domestic infrastructure of metrological support and revision of the principles and approaches to the metrological support system itself. The essence of the new approach lies in the maximum use of both our methodological experience in metrology and technological solutions of modern instrumentation. When establishing a new primary measurement standard for frequency deviation, these new principles are implemented. The paper shows that the main tendencies in the instrumentation in the field of electro-radio measurements are not only aimed at the improvement of metrological characteristics, but also at the wide use of digital and software solutions, which requires new approaches to metrological support. The experience of developing the primary measurement standard for frequency deviation of frequency-modulated (FM) oscillations, as well as the study of the measurement standard for amplitude-modulated (AM) oscillations, shows the effectiveness of using digital methods for the generation of precise complex broadband signals, and software methods for the implementation of complex measurement algorithms. Thanks to the programming, such methods as “zeros of the Bessel function” and “combination frequencies” have been implemented, which in the analogue version are very cumbersome and difficult to apply in practice. The experimental estimation of metrological characteristics of the most important equipment devices (generators and demodulators) during their operation by analogue and digital methods is described, and the results of comparative measurements are given. It is shown that, in addition to the increasing number of metrological capabilities, digital and software approaches allow creating flexible multifunctional calibration complexes in the field of radio measurements.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317138","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Melanopic photometry","authors":"Leonid Nazarenko, Olena Didenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291952","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291952","url":null,"abstract":"Visual lighting effects have been seriously studied for more than 500 years. It was not until 2002 that physicians and biologists paid attention to the fact that the light that enters the human eye has non-visual, biological effects. Human Centric Lighting (HCL) examines the visual effects of light on human activity. Electric lighting plays a critical role in maintaining human health in today’s world, as most of us spend much of our time indoors. In 2002, a third type of photoreceptor was discovered – a nerve node cell in the retina (photosensitive, Retinal Ganglion Cell, pRGC). pRGC cells contain melatonin pigments (melanopsin) and are responsible for the spectral response of photosensitive cells. The maximum response of melatonin is achieved at a wavelength of approximately 480 nm. Fig. 1 also shows the response curves of L-, M-, and S-cones and rods based on their specific pigments. Using the response curves of L-, M-, and S-cones and rods, and having the spectra of light sources and the amount of light on the outer surface of the eye, it is possible to determine the spectrally weighted illuminances for five photopigments in the human eye. For research purposes, it is desirable to record the illuminance values for all five α illuminances. They indicate which of the photoreceptors is responding and where the light of the current lamp type is emitting. The manufacturers of light sources should be able to provide α-wave illuminances for their lamps. The International Commission on Illumination (CIE) suggested Exeltoolbox, which allows calculating these illuminances based on the spectral distribution of the lamp power. Cone-dominant metrics such as CCT (correlated colour temperature), illuminance, and luminance are not comprehensive, so melanopsin-based photosensitivity should be considered in specifications, guidelines, and during research.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Experimental study of dosimetric properties of thermoluminescent powder TLD-100","authors":"Kostiantyn Ozerskyi, Andrii Pustovyi, Volodymyr Skliarov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291964","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291964","url":null,"abstract":"The creation of a scientifically substantiated quality assurance system for dosimetry and the optimization of medical exposure of the population of Ukraine during diagnostic and therapeutic procedures (and the possibility of dosimetric control and monitoring of emergency situations) falls within the field of the application of ionizing radiation sources (IRs). Trends in modern medicine in most countries, including Ukraine, prove a continued increase in the share of medical exposure. The main requirements and recommendations for the use of IRs for medical purposes while ensuring the radiation safety requirements for patients are provided in the documents of such International Organizations as the International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP), the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), the World Health Organization (WHO) and the European Commission (EC). One of the key factors to ensure the quality of radiation therapy is metrological and dosimetric support. To enhance the effectiveness of radiation treatment and reduce the number of complications in the future, it is necessary to irradiate the local target within the patient’s body with a dose error of no more than 5%. Control of the radiation output of the therapeutic device, i.e., the calibration of the therapeutic beam used in the treatment process, is an essential element of radiation therapy. Radiation protection programmes are based on checking the accuracy of the calibration of remote radiotherapy devices using thermoluminescent dosimeters (TLDs) – small plastic capsules filled with thermoluminescent powder that are sent by post to radiology centres for exposure to a specific dose in a water phantom. Radiation therapy in Ukraine is primarily conducted using cobalt machines, X-ray therapy devices and linear accelerators. The results of the study include the examination of the dependency of measurement results on various exposure parameters using the automatic reader PCL-3, the determination of dosimetric characteristics of the thermoluminescent powder TLD-100, and the development of a calibration method for thermoluminescent dosimeters under standard irradiation conditions on a remote gamma therapy device. Therefore, the accuracy of beam calibration using TLD dosimeters has been studied, which will enable to timely detect errors in clinical dosimetry and reduce the number of cases of radiation-related complications for patients during their treatment.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317459","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Study of self-calibrating photodiodes for trap detectors","authors":"Anatoliy Litvinenko, Yevhen Tymofeiev, Eduard Diumin, Yevheniia Hryhorieva, Kateryna Hovorova","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291934","url":null,"abstract":"In accordance with the stated purpose of the study, the measurements and analysis of photodiodes were carried out, and the best alternative for the development of the trap detector was chosen. The paper substantiates the necessity for an alternative to the absolute cryogenic radiometer because of its highly expensive measurements. The need for more accurate measurement data has determined the use of trap detectors, including self-calibrating photodiodes. Such trap detectors can be used independently, without calibration by an absolute cryogenic radiometer. Thus, the cost of the study is reduced. Besides, the given approach does not affect the accuracy of the obtained measurement results. When reviewing modern approaches to the use of the above-mentioned trap detectors, it was discovered that trap detectors, together with self-calibrating photodiodes, are widely used both in state measurements of photometric quantities and for laboratory needs in many developed countries worldwide. The given analysis allows us to assert that the issues of developing, studying, and using new trap detectors, considering a significant advantage in their characteristics in comparison with the previously developed ones, make up an urgent scientific task. The paper defines selection criteria based on certain characteristics of photodiodes. When investigating the operating spectral range of the selected photodiodes, their internal quantum efficiency, geometrical dimensions of the receiving element of the selected photodiodes, and the coefficient of mirror and diffuse reflection of the receiving surface of the selected photodiodes, measurement results for all the stated characteristics were obtained. Based on these values, a screening of the photodiodes that do not meet the requirements for photodiodes specified for the development of the trap detector was made. Based on experimental studies, photodiodes S1337-1010BQ were selected.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317103","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main stages of calibration of measuring instruments","authors":"Igor Zakharov, O. Botsiura, Oleksandr Zakharov, I. Zadorozhna, V. Semenikhin, Oleg Novoselov","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291862","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.3.2023.291862","url":null,"abstract":"The main stages of calibration of measuring instruments are described. The stage of preparation for calibration and its main steps are considered: setting a measurement task, choosing a method and equipment, choosing (developing) calibration methods and their verification (validation). The content of the measurement experiment is presented together with the main measurement methods that can be used to calibrate the indications of measuring instruments and material measures. The main steps of experimental data processing, which lead to the estimation of the numerical value and uncertainty evaluation of the measurand being calibrated, are considered. The preparation of calibration results, including the uncertainty budget and calibration certificate, is described. Procedures for assessing the probability of compliance of a calibrated measuring instrument and material measure with the specified metrological characteristics, as well as for validating their calibration methods, are considered.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-10-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139317388","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"About the definition of the terms “management” and “upravlinnya/keruvannya” in the DSTU ISO 9000 series of standards","authors":"Viktor Horopatskyi, Vasyl Parakuda, Anatoliy Sukhenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286731","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286731","url":null,"abstract":"The issue of replacing the term “upravlinnya/keruvannya” with the term “management” in the DSTU ISO 9000 series of standards is considered. \u0000The initiators of the replacement believe that the authors of the national standard DSTU ISO 9000:2015 Quality management systems. Fundamentals and vocabulary made erroneous translation of the term “management”, since the concept of “management” has a much broader meaning than the concept of “upravlinnya/keruvannya”, and this negatively affects the development of the Ukrainian economy. The initiators of the replacement insist on the immediate correction of this error in the DSTU ISO 9000 series of standards. To support these claims, the initiators have amassed numerous expert opinions, comments and other materials, the basis of which was the Russian-language edition of the ISO 9000:2015 standard, as well as long ago cancelled and replaced standards in the field of quality management. The reference to Russian-language publications is based on the fact that Russian is one of the three official languages of the ISO. \u0000The proposed replacement of the translation of the term “management” in the standard DSTU ISO 9000:2015 Quality management systems. Fundamentals and vocabulary was analysed. The equivalence of the concepts of “upravlinnya/keruvannya” and “management” is substantiated. The examples demonstrating the erroneous interpretation of the concept of “management” are given. Complying with the requirements of 6.1.5 DSTU 1.5:2015 National standardization. Rules of development and presentation of national normative documents for the use of foreign words and terms in the presence of equivalent words and terms in the Ukrainian language is stressed.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48356182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Main results of supplementary comparisons of high voltage and current measuring systems","authors":"O. Velychko, Valeriy Kikalo, Y. Anokhin, T. Gordiyenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286710","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286710","url":null,"abstract":"High voltages of alternative current (AC) are important because they are needed for numerous applications in physics and engineering. High AC voltages are also used to test insulating materials for their dielectric properties. Calibrations of instruments for high-voltage measurements should provide metrological traceability to national standards. This applies to the requirements for both voltage measuring instruments and current measuring instruments. The transformer for high-voltage measurements is used to reduce the values of currents and voltages during measurements in high-voltage electrical networks. \u0000Voltage transformers (VTs) are used to accurately measure high AC voltages. Current transformers (CTs) are used to convert line currents in power systems to levels that are acceptable for other measuring instruments, which are necessary to trip protective devices. There are measuring installations that are well known for accurate measurements of the CT coefficient for large primary currents, and systems for determining the behaviour of the industrial current and VT under distorted waveforms, etc. The calibration of a high voltage measuring system must be traceable to national or international measurement standards. Mutual comparisons of calibration results of CT and VT standards are carried out with the participation of several national laboratories. \u0000The results of high voltage transformer measuring systems (GULFMET.EM-S6) and high current transformer measuring systems (GULFMET.EM-S7) supplementary comparisons are described. The comparisons were carried out between national laboratories from three Regional Metrology Organizations. In general, the participants of both comparisons have demonstrated a good agreement of the results in the ratio error and phase displacement for high voltage and current. The comparison results may be used to improve the participants’ existing calibration and measurement capabilities entries in the Key Comparison Database (KCDB) of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures  (BIPM).","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48088952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Theoretical and methodological provisions regarding the development and implementation of an integral method for assessing the level of information support of the multipurpose real estate cadastre at the regional level","authors":"Kostiantyn Mamonov, V. Velychko, Vitalii Holovachov, Liudmyla Kovalenko","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286728","url":null,"abstract":"The paper considers the development and implementation of a method for integral assessment of the application level of the multipurpose real estate cadastre at the regional level. Factors affecting the formation and application of the multipurpose real estate cadastre are singled out. The technology for the formation of information-analytical and spatial support of the results of an integrated assessment deserves attention. In addition, the European experience of forming and applying the multipurpose cadastre, determining the factors affecting its creation, and constructing a theoretical and methodological platform for the real estate identification is systematized. \u0000In modern conditions, the creation of a quantitative basis for the formation and application of the multipurpose real estate cadastre is realized applying the method of integral assessment for making reasonable management decisions at the regional level and developing recommendations for increasing the efficiency of the real estate use. \u0000Based on the formed quantitative basis based in turn on the results of an integral assessment, it is proposed to carry out mathematical modelling and determine the points of growth of the efficiency of the use of the real estate at the regional level using a multipurpose cadastre. The impact of spatial, urban planning, investment and environmental factors on the formation and application of the multipurpose real estate cadastre is determined.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42390716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A proposed new definition of measurement uncertainty","authors":"Walter Bich","doi":"10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286696","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286696","url":null,"abstract":"A new definition of the measurement uncertainty (MU) was proposed by the Working Group 1 of the Joint Committee for Guides in Metrology, JCGM-WG1. This definition avoids any quantitative aspect of the measurement uncertainty and focuses on its subjective nature. \u0000The proposed new definition reads as follows: \u0000doubt about the true value of the measurand that remains after making a measurement. \u0000Here, MU is no longer quantitative; it is rather a (subjective) state of mind. MU is the concept, and its quantitative measures, such as the standard measurement uncertainty, are different in nature. This separation greatly contributes to clarity. \u0000Being defined as a state of mind, MU is subjective and reflects the belief of the experimenter in the result. There is no “true uncertainty” in nature to be estimated. There exists the measurand, and the uncertainty about its true value is a personal matter. Of course, the state of belief is based on objective data, and a good experiment is conceived in such a way as to minimise subjectivity. Yet, the hope to eliminate subjectivity from a measurement or from science at large is just a hope. \u0000The proposed new definition explicitly uses the term “true value”. Perhaps, at the philosophical level, the concept can be questioned, whereas in the context of parameter estimation, the mathematics behind calculations needs a unique true value, which is ideally represented by a unique real number. \u0000The doubt is about the unknown value of the measurand, not about the estimate. The estimate is viewed as a realization of a random variable describing the state of knowledge about the measurand. As such, the estimate is fixed and has no uncertainty. Randomness is in the variable, not in its realizations.","PeriodicalId":40775,"journal":{"name":"Ukrainian Metrological Journal","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2023-07-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43527682","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}