{"title":"The Range of European Nutritional Practice – Inspiring and on the Point","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000530195","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530195","url":null,"abstract":"Obesity is a global health problem, due to its high prevalence and strong association with hypertension, coronary heart disease, stroke, and other metabolic disorders. In mammals, energy balance is maintained via a homeostatic system involving both peripheral and central systems – changes in body weight reflect an unbalanced energetic state. Studies confirmed that a clear sexual dimorphism exists in how the brain regulates energy homeostasis and in the resulting metabolic adaptation to diet-induced obesity. There is growing evidence showing that postmenopausal females are more prone to develop obesity in comparison to premenopausal females. Multiple studies have established a link between the vulnerability to develop metabolic disturbances with reproductive decline. This suggests that estrogens play a protective role in this context. The most imKomp Nutr Diet 2023;2:44–47 DOI: 10.1159/000530195","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"94 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124258522","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"PharmaNews","authors":"","doi":"10.1159/000530541","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530541","url":null,"abstract":"The study investigates the sustainability of 95 national","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134435935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Baladía, Koen Vanherle, L. Soguel, A. Griffin, S. O’Reilly, F. McCullough, S. Joossens
{"title":"Evidence-Based Dietetic Practice: EFAD Discussion Paper on Challenges for Implementation, Education, Research, and Lifelong Learning","authors":"E. Baladía, Koen Vanherle, L. Soguel, A. Griffin, S. O’Reilly, F. McCullough, S. Joossens","doi":"10.1159/000530091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530091","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction Evidence-based practice (EBP) is defined as the integration of evidence from current best available research with individual clinical expertise and patient values [1]. It is a methodological concept that was introduced in the field of medicine during the early nineties and adopted by healthcare disciplines to improve standards of care. The Institute of Medicine first recommended EBP competencies for the medical profession in 2003 [2]. In 2005, an international working group published the Sicily consensus statement on EBP as a 5-step model forming the basis for both clinical practice and teaching and providing a description of core competency requirements [3]. Since then, a variety of other EBP competency statements or frameworks have been developed by most healthcare professions (HCPs) and their regulatory bodies [4, 5]. The ultimate aim of these frameworks is to support a more rapid implementation of evidence by practitioners to deliver more effective patient-centred care [6]. Komp Nutr Diet 2023;2:36–43 DOI: 10.1159/000530091","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130986521","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrition and Cancer Care – American and European Context","authors":"L. Keaver, Bruno Abreu","doi":"10.1159/000529934","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529934","url":null,"abstract":"The Oncology Care Model (OCM) is a US Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) specialty model implemented in 2016, to provide higher quality, more highly coordinated oncology care at the same or lower costs. Under the OCM, oncology clinics enter into payment arrangements that include financial and performance accountability for patients receiving chemotherapy treatment. In addition, OCM clinics commit to providing enhanced services to Medicare beneficiaries, including care coordination, navigation, and following national treatment guidelines. Nutrition is a component of best-practice cancer care, yet it may not be addressed by OCM providers even though up to 80% of patients with cancer develop malnutrition and poor nutrition has a profound impact on cancer treatment and survivorship. Only about half of US ambulatory oncology settings screen for malnutrition, registered dietitian nutritionists (RDNs) are not routinely employed by oncology clinics, and the medical nutrition therapy they provide is often not reimbursed. Thus, adequate nutrition care in US oncology clinics remains a gap area. Some oncology clinics are addressing this gap through implementation of nutrition-focused quality improvement programs (QIPs) but many are not. What is needed is a change of perspective. This paper outlines how and why quality nutrition care is integral to the OCM and can benefit patient health and provider outcomes.","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"49 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133192828","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrition and Cancer – A Time for Action","authors":"A. Hug","doi":"10.1159/000529932","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529932","url":null,"abstract":"I would like to welcome you to this edition of Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics. On a topic as broad as Nutrition and Cancer, this issue aims to demonstrate how crucial a role nutrition plays across the entire cancer continuum, with dietitians at the forefront of its delivery. We now have an ever-growing body of evidence that good nutrition can reduce the risk of certain cancers, and it is best to avoid alcohol for cancer prevention [1]. Prehab to optimize health and nutritional status prior and during treatments is now well established in many surgical oncology pathways and recommended for all people with cancer before, during, and, as has been the traditional service of rehabilitation, after treatments [2]. People with cancer are living longer thanks to dramatic improvements in treatments such as targeted therapies and immunotherapies. However, these, and other treatments, cause known (and unknown) short-term nutrition impact symptoms and more long-term consequences that can occur during or well after treatment/s, affecting people’s ability to eat, their shortand long-term nutritional status, and their food-related quality of life [3, 4]. Appropriate nutrition supports treatment delivery to improve survival and enhance quality of life for those living with cancer [5]. As someone nears the end of their life due to cancer, nutritional issues may need to be supported. With nutrition so important at each stage, dietitians have the specialist skill set to deliver appropriate nutritional assessment, interventions, and ongoing monitoring. However, we never work in isolation and must lean on, train, support, and communicate well with our cancer care colleagues in both the cancer multidisciplinary team and primary care setting. How we deliver nutrition services continues to develop as we utilize alternative care deliv-","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133156615","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Clinical Nutrition as a Human Right","authors":"K. Poulia","doi":"10.1159/000530092","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000530092","url":null,"abstract":"The International Working Group for Patients' Right to Nutritional Care presents its position paper regarding nutritional care as a human right intrinsically linked to the right to food and the right to health. All people should have access to food and evidence-based medical nutrition therapy including artificial nutrition and hydration. In this regard, the hospitalized malnourished ill should mandatorily have access to screening, diagnosis, nutritional assessment, with optimal and timely nutritional therapy in order to overcome malnutrition associated morbidity and mortality, while reducing the rates of disease-related malnutrition. This right does not imply there is an obligation to feed all patients at any stage of life and at any cost. On the contrary, this right implies, from an ethical point of view, that the best decision for the patient must be taken and this may include, under certain circumstances, the decision not to feed. Application of the human rights-based approach to the field of clinical nutrition will contribute to the construction of a moral, political and legal focus to the concept of nutritional care. Moreover, it will be the cornerstone to the rationale of political and legal instruments in the field of clinical nutrition.","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114827406","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutrition and Physical Activity in Cancer Patients","authors":"S. Papadopoulou","doi":"10.1159/000529933","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529933","url":null,"abstract":"The diagnosis and treatment of cancer are associated with impairment at the physical and at psychological level. In addition, side effects are a potentially treatment-limiting factor that may necessitate dose reduction, delay, or even discontinuation of therapy, with negative consequences for outcome and mean survival. Numerous studies have shown that physical activity and sports and exercise therapy programs are not only practicable but also recommendable for oncologic patients during the acute phase and in the aftercare. Furthermore, nutrition plays an important role in all stages of tumor therapy. A timely integration of a nutrition therapy and physical activity in the form of physiotherapy and sports therapy serves to prevent and reduce treatment-associated side effects. Evidence-based recommendations on cancer prevention through nutrition therapy, physical activity, and sports and exercise therapy should be integrated into treatment plans for oncology patients as well as in health care services for the general population. Individual counselling by trained nutrition and exercise specialists may be advisable to receive concrete recommendations on the respective tumor entity or specific side effects. This mini review is based on a selective literature search in the PubMed database and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials on the subjects of healthy diet and physical activity in primary prevention and follow-up about cancer.","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115434163","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Is There a Link Between Diabetes Mellitus and Cancer?","authors":"A. Hill","doi":"10.1159/000529935","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529935","url":null,"abstract":"The number of new cases of cancer is increasing each year, and rates of diabetes mellitus are also increasing dramatically over time. It is not an unusual occurrence for an individual to have both cancer and diabetes at the same time, given they are both individually common, and that one condition can increase the risk of the other. In this manuscript, we use national-level diabetes (Virtual Diabetes Register) and cancer (New Zealand Cancer Registry) data on nearly five million individuals over 44 million person-years of follow-up to examine the occurrence of cancer amongst a national prevalent cohort of patients with diabetes. We completed this analysis separately by cancer for the 24 most commonly diagnosed cancers in Aotearoa New Zealand, and then compared the occurrence of cancer among those with diabetes to those without diabetes. We found that the rate of cancer was highest amongst those with diabetes for 21 of the 24 most common cancers diagnosed over our study period, with excess risk among those with diabetes ranging between 11% (non-Hodgkin's lymphoma) and 236% (liver cancer). The cancers with the greatest difference in incidence between those with diabetes and those without diabetes tended to be within the endocrine or gastrointestinal system, and/or had a strong relationship with obesity. However, in an absolute sense, due to the volume of breast, colorectal and lung cancers, prevention of the more modest excess cancer risk among those with diabetes (16%, 22% and 48%, respectively) would lead to a substantial overall reduction in the total burden of cancer in the population. Our findings reinforce the fact that diabetes prevention activities are also cancer prevention activities, and must therefore be prioritised and resourced in tandem.","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"195 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122973178","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nutritional Status Assessment in Older Cancer Patients","authors":"Cecília Medeiros de Morais","doi":"10.1159/000529611","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000529611","url":null,"abstract":"Background & aims: Elderly cancer patients are at particularly high risk for malnutrition because both the disease and the old age threaten their nutritional status. The Global Leadership Initiative on Malnutrition (GLIM) released new universal criteria for diagnosing and grading malnutrition, but the validation of these criteria in elderly cancer population is not well documented. Our objective was to investigate the application of the GLIM criteria in nutrition assessment and survival prediction in elderly cancer patients. Methods: This retrospective cohort analysis was conducted on a primary cohort of 1192 cancer patients aged 65 years or older enrolled from a multi-institutional registry, and a validation cohort of 300 elderly cancer patients treated at the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University. Patients considered at-risk for malnutrition based on the NRS-2002 were assessed using the GLIM criteria. The association between the nutritional status and patients' overall survival (OS) was then analyzed by the Kaplan-Meier method and a Cox model. A nomogram was also established that included additional independent clinical prognostic variables. To determine the predictive accuracy and discriminatory capacity of the nomogram, the C-index, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and calibration curve were evaluated. Results: The percentage of patients considered “at-risk” for malnutrition was 64.8% and 67.3% for the primary and validation cohorts, respectively. GLIM-defined malnutrition was diagnosed in 48.4% of patients in the primary cohort and 46.0% in the validation cohort. In the primary cohort, patients at risk of malnutrition (NRS-2002 ≥ 3) showed a worse OS than those with a NRS-2002 < 3 (HR 1.34, 1.10-1.64; p = 0.003). Additionally, patients with GLIM-defined severe malnutrition (HR1.71, 1.37-2.14; p < 0.001) or moderate malnutrition (HR1.35, 1.09-1.66; p = 0.006) showed a significantly shorter OS compared to those without malnutrition. The nomogram incorporating the domains of the GLIM with other variables was accurate, especially for predicting the 1- and 2-year overall survival rates. Conclusions: The GLIM criteria can be used in elderly cancer patients not only to assess malnutrition, but also to predict survival outcome. The nomogram developed based on the GLIM domains can provide a more accurate prediction of the prognosis than existing systems.","PeriodicalId":407156,"journal":{"name":"Kompass Nutrition & Dietetics","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114458460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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