NZGA: Research and Practice Series最新文献_第3页

Insights into the soil microbiome and prospects for its manipulation for improved pasture resilience 深入了解土壤微生物群及其对改善牧场恢复力的操纵前景

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3475

M. O’Callaghan, Shengjing Shi, Sean Marshall, N. Schon, B. Dignam, N. Bell

引用次数: 3

Modelling perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) persistence and productivity for the Upper North Island under current and future climate 模拟北岛北部多年生黑麦草(Lolium perenne)在当前和未来气候下的持久性和生产力

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-10 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3450

P. Beukes, Andrea Babylon, W. Griffiths, S. Woodward, E. Kalaugher, A. Sood, D. Chapman

{"title":"Modelling perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) persistence and productivity for the Upper North Island under current and future climate","authors":"P. Beukes, Andrea Babylon, W. Griffiths, S. Woodward, E. Kalaugher, A. Sood, D. Chapman","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3450","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3450","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study was to predict the future performance of perennial ryegrass in the Upper North Island, New Zealand. The Basic Grassland model, BASGRA, was used with historic, current and future daily climate data as input, and soil water holding capacity, to predict changes in perennial ryegrass performance in space and time. The study focussed on land of ≤7° slope north of the town of Tokoroa and considered two potential warming pathways to the end of the 21st century. Persistence was defined as the time in years for the ryegrass sward to decline to 50% ground cover. The results for the two climate pathways were largely consistent with each other. Persistence should remain in the medium category (2.5-3.4 years, 10-12 t DM/ha) for the rest of this century for Bay of Islands, Whangarei, South Waikato/Tokoroa, and Rotorua. Persistence is predicted to change from medium to predominantly low (0-2.4 years, <10 t DM/ha) for Far North, Dargaville, DairyFlat/Rodney, Waiuku/Pukekohe and northern and central parts of Waikato. Coastal regions of Bay of Plenty were predicted to be poorly suited to perennial ryegrass and to remain so into the rest of the century. Large parts of the Upper North Island that are currently borderline for perennial ryegrass are predicted to become unsuitable for the species.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"109 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127317495","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Long-term Central Waikato summer-autumn rainfall and pasture growth trends. Are conditions for pasture growth changing over time? 怀卡托中部夏秋两季的长期降雨量和牧草生长趋势。牧草生长的条件是否随时间而变化?

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-05 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3456

C. Glassey, G. Wills, Kieran McCahon, M. Dodd, D. Chapman

{"title":"Long-term Central Waikato summer-autumn rainfall and pasture growth trends. Are conditions for pasture growth changing over time?","authors":"C. Glassey, G. Wills, Kieran McCahon, M. Dodd, D. Chapman","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3456","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3456","url":null,"abstract":"Farmers in the upper North Island are concerned about the poor productivity of their perennial ryegrass pastures beyond 3 years and suggest this is linked to a trend towards drier conditions for pasture growth during summer and autumn. To explore how conditions for pasture growth and survival have changed, trends in rainfall (measured and interpolated; c. 1954 to 2020), frequency of soil moisture deficit stress on pasture growth (1972-2020), and pasture growth rates (simulated 1977-2020, and measured c. 1979-2020) were compiled for summer-autumn months (November to April) for two Waikato locations: DairyNZ Ruakura/Scott Farm near Hamilton; and a commercial farm at Paratu Road between Morrinsville and Matamata. Significant negative linear trends were observed for interpolated rainfall (Paratu Road only), total stress days (both sites) and simulated pasture growth (both sites). No significant trend in measured pasture growth was observed for either site, suggesting adaptive management has cushioned the physical effects of harsher climatic conditions. The suite of adaptive management practices adopted on the Paratu Road farm is described. Analysis of decadal patterns indicated greater variability in rainfall in the decade 2011-2020 (coefficient of variation ranging from 32% to 36% depending on site and data source, versus ~ 22% in earlier decades) and a significantly higher number of stress days in the decade 2011-2020 compared with the 1970s and 1980s at Paratu Road. Further adaptation strategies will be needed to mitigate these most-recent trends, should they continue as predicted by climate change forecasts.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131827501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Management options to recover perennial ryegrass populations and productivity in run-out pastures 在衰竭牧场恢复多年生黑麦草种群和生产力的管理选择

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-04 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3453

W. Griffiths, M. Dodd, B. Kuhn-Sherlock, D. Chapman

{"title":"Management options to recover perennial ryegrass populations and productivity in run-out pastures","authors":"W. Griffiths, M. Dodd, B. Kuhn-Sherlock, D. Chapman","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3453","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3453","url":null,"abstract":"In parts of the upper North Island, farmers frequently report perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L.) pastures failing within 3 or 4 years post-sowing. This appears to be related to interactions between several factors: climatic (drier, hotter summers), biotic (insect pest), soil (texture, water-holding capacity) and grazing management factors that vary spatially and temporally. The efficacy of three management interventions for recovering ryegrass populations and production in runout pasture was assessed in an experiment initiated in 2018/19 in central Waikato. Treatments were a long-spring rotation (LSR), a longer grazing deferral during late spring and summer (pasture deferral, PD) and under-sowing with perennial ryegrass (US), each applied to pastures of four ryegrass cultivars. In the year after the treatments were implemented, the yield of ryegrass in PD was 2.4 t DM/ha greater than for the control (7-year-old pasture), and ryegrass tiller populations initially doubled but later declined. Yields in US and LSR were intermediate but not significantly different from the control. Ground score changes responded more positively to PD compared with the other treatments. Relative to the baseline prior to initiation of the study, tiller populations increased for PD and US but declined for control and LSR. There were no interactions between management treatment and cultivar for any of the variables measured. Pasture deferral shows promise as an intervention for recovering failing ryegrass pastures through natural reseeding. However, the longevity of the benefits observed here has yet to be determined.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130212497","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Diversified pastures at the front line of climate change in Northland: farmers experiences, new directions and wider implications for other parts of the country 北国气候变化前沿的多样化牧场:农民的经验，新方向和对该国其他地区的更广泛影响

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-08-18 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3474

Kieran McCahon, A. McCahon, G. Ussher

{"title":"Diversified pastures at the front line of climate change in Northland: farmers experiences, new directions and wider implications for other parts of the country","authors":"Kieran McCahon, A. McCahon, G. Ussher","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3474","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3474","url":null,"abstract":"The persistence of both perennial ryegrass and white clover is challenged under summer-dry conditions. Future climate change projections indicate greater incidence and severity of summer moisture stress for many regions in New Zealand, and therefore, greater pressure on our traditional pasture base. The ‘Northland Diversified Forages Project’ aimed to identify alternative pasture species that provide an advantage in terms of dry matter yield, quality and/or timing of growth within a summer-dry environment, with a particular focus on legumes. A series of mown-plot trial and paddock demonstrations were established across a range of soil types to assess the potential of a wide variety of forage species. Perennial ryegrass and white clover both failed to persist, comprising less than 25% of the sward within 3 years of establishment. Cocksfoot demonstrated potential as a more persistent alternative to perennial ryegrass. However, whilst a range of legumes were successful at increasing the proportion of legume in the sward and total yield in the first year, significant challenges were identified in maintaining functional legumes across multiple years. This raises questions around whether we currently have the right species in New Zealand to adapt to a changing climate.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"18 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-18","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114792857","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

An assessment of the role of soil organic matter in pasture resilience 土壤有机质在牧草恢复力中的作用评价

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-08-10 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3469

M. Shepherd, S. Nichols, D. Selbie

{"title":"An assessment of the role of soil organic matter in pasture resilience","authors":"M. Shepherd, S. Nichols, D. Selbie","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3469","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3469","url":null,"abstract":"This paper assesses the role of soil organic matter (SOM) in pasture resilience and longevity. New Zealand pasture soils have high levels of SOM, which contribute to soil structural stability and nutrient cycling, functions that support resilient pasture. It is concluded that pasture resilience requires (a) a pasture-soil system that returns regular amounts of fresh, ‘labile’ carbon (C) since this younger SOM fraction plays a significant role in these processes, and (b) a thriving soil biota that can rapidly turn over this labile C. Pasture itself also plays a critical role as the major pathway for C transfer into the soil rhizosphere, with differences between species in amounts and composition of C returns. Resident (older) SOM should not be ignored and plays a role in sustaining soil structure, but the younger SOM is the fraction that turns over more often and plays a key role in nutrient supply.Soil organic matter is not a single solution to increasing pasture resilience since soil type and summer rainfall have been previously identified as key factors also. However, other identified factors such as plant nitrogen status, plant population dynamics and grazing management either influence or are influenced by the turnover of SOM, suggesting its role in pasture resilience should not be underestimated.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122505161","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Importance of resilient pastures for New Zealand’s agricultural soil carbon stocks 弹性牧场对新西兰农业土壤碳储量的重要性

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-08-05 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3455

A. Wall, J. Goodrich, L. Schipper

{"title":"Importance of resilient pastures for New Zealand’s agricultural soil carbon stocks","authors":"A. Wall, J. Goodrich, L. Schipper","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3455","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3455","url":null,"abstract":"New Zealand’s agricultural pastures contain significant soil carbon (C) stocks that are susceptible to change when impacted by management and natural processes (e.g., climate). Inputs of C to these pastoral soils is through photosynthetic uptake of atmospheric CO2 either on-site or elsewhere. Changes in soil C stocks are in response to the management of the system that alters the input-output balance. Increasing the resilience of pastures to climatic events such as hot and dry summers or cool and wet winters can increase inputs of C to the soil while sustaining above-ground production and so provide an opportunity for C sequestration. Furthermore, increased pasture for grazing can reduce the need for management practices identified as detrimental for soil C stocks such as irrigation or the production of cropped supplemental feed. A reduction in the need for renewal and its associated soil C losses, and the establishment of a more diverse sward, especially if deeper-rooting species are included, has the potential for increasing soil C stocks provided the diversity can be maintained. From a soil C perspective, a resilient pasture maximises CO2 uptake to ensure adequate above- and below-ground inputs to maintain or increase soil C stocks and minimise the need for management activities detrimental to soil C.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126008965","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7

The effects of lime on pasture composition and production in western Waikato hill country 石灰对怀卡托山地西部牧场组成和生产的影响

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-08-04 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3454

R. Boom, M. Dodd

{"title":"The effects of lime on pasture composition and production in western Waikato hill country","authors":"R. Boom, M. Dodd","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3454","url":null,"abstract":"A 4-year lime rate trial was established on a hill country sheep and cattle property near Te Akau to determine lime effects on pasture utilisation. Four rates of lime were applied (1.25 t/ha, 2.5 t/ha, 5 t/ha and 10 t/ha) to 2 m × 2 m plots, from which soil Al, Ca and pH, pasture grazing heights, dry matter production, pasture species composition, feed quality and brix levels were measured. Lime application reduced soil Al (14.6 to 1.1 mg/kg), and increased Ca and pH (5.0 to 6.2) over time in the highest application rate. Dry matter production responded to all rates of lime in each year, and by the fourth year it was 27% greater (1.25 t/ha treatment), 35% greater (2.5 t/ha treatment), 69% greater (5 t/ha treatment), and 97% greater (10 t/ha treatment) than in the un-limed plots. Ryegrass and subterranean clover content increased with lime rate, whereas chewings fescue and dicot weed content declined. There were no sustained differences in pasture grazing heights, feed quality or brix levels between the control and rates of lime. On this site, all rates of lime were economic to apply by truck or plane when the benefits were spread over 4 years, with the greatest cost-benefit from thelower rates of lime.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130181209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Carbon and fossil resource depletion footprints of milk production from Canterbury dairy farms 坎特伯雷奶牛场牛奶生产的碳和化石资源消耗足迹

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-07-26 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3482

A. Mazzetto, S. Falconer, S. Ledgard

{"title":"Carbon and fossil resource depletion footprints of milk production from Canterbury dairy farms","authors":"A. Mazzetto, S. Falconer, S. Ledgard","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3482","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3482","url":null,"abstract":"Among the different sustainability metrics, the carbon footprint is the most commonly reported, but the depletion of non-renewable resources such as fossil fuels, is also important. This study aimed to calculate the “cradle to farm-gate” carbon and fossil resource depletion footprint of milk production in Canterbury, New Zealand, comparing two different farm systems: one pasture-based with a relatively small amount of brought-in feed (Lincoln University Dairy Farm, LUDF) and an average Canterbury farm. The estimate of the carbon footprint of milk production was 0.68 and 0.80 kg CO2-eq/kg of fat and protein-corrected milk (FPCM) for the LUDF and Canterbury average, respectively. The main contributor to the carbon footprint for both farms was enteric fermentation, but differences were found mainly in the emissions from the supplementary feed. Conversely, the Canterbury average farm showed lower fossil resource depletion footprint (1.05 MJ/kg FPCM) when compared with the LUDF farm (1.13 MJ/kg FPCM). The differences were mainly related to fertiliser use. However, this difference is small if compared with farms overseas. The study shows that it is important to look at more than one environmental metric when proposing mitigation practices.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117294160","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

A systems approach to understanding the connection between farm systems resilience and pasture resilience 理解农场系统恢复力和牧场恢复力之间联系的系统方法

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-07-21 DOI: 10.33584/RPS.17.2021.3467

David Stevens, M. Casey, P. Edwards, T. Maxwell

引用次数: 2