NZGA: Research and Practice Series最新文献_第2页

Soil and nutrient management: the practitioner’s perspective 土壤和养分管理:实践者的观点

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-10-19 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3483

W. Catto, A. Roberts

引用次数: 0

What’s next for the New Zealand dairy feed-base? Learnings from climate analogues 新西兰奶牛饲料基地的下一步是什么?从气候类似物中学习

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-10-08 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3486

Sergio C. García, S. Kemp, C. Clark, N. Ota, Islam, D. Kriticos

{"title":"What’s next for the New Zealand dairy feed-base? Learnings from climate analogues","authors":"Sergio C. García, S. Kemp, C. Clark, N. Ota, Islam, D. Kriticos","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3486","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3486","url":null,"abstract":"• The reviewed literature suggests that the likely main impact of climate change on New Zealand dairy systems will be a reduction in total annual rainfall and increased inter- and intra-season rainfall and associated soil moisture variability.• Future climate analogues for New Zealand’s current dairying regions are provided from both within New Zealand and Australia.• Future climate scenarios for New Zealand dairy systems can be found within New Zealand with the exception of Northland whose most similar climate analogue is in Australia.• A conceptual framework to increase the boundaries of the ‘zone of system control’ (ZSC) by the farmer is provided here for the first time. The ZSC is defined as the optimal range for a critical input (rainfall or soil moisture in this case) where productive and profitable farming can occur.• Risk of failure increases as the frequency inputs fall above (excess) or below (deficit) the ZSC. Options to reduce the risk of system failure (outside of this zone) are provided with emphasis on soil moisture.• This framework could be used to focus future research and development investment to make the New Zealand and Australian dairy industries more resilient to climate change.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130861643","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Productivity, changes and resilience in New Zealand grassland agriculture over the last three decades 过去三十年来新西兰草原农业的生产力、变化和恢复力

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-30 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3461

G. Rys, Joel Gibbs, D. Clark, Greg Lambert, H. Clark, M. Newman

{"title":"Productivity, changes and resilience in New Zealand grassland agriculture over the last three decades","authors":"G. Rys, Joel Gibbs, D. Clark, Greg Lambert, H. Clark, M. Newman","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3461","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3461","url":null,"abstract":"This paper discusses key changes in New Zealand pastoral agriculture over the last three decades at the national scale, and how these have influenced the performance of grasslands, animal productivity, and the resilience of pastoral livestock systems. It assesses the positive and negative impacts of land-use change, changes in pasture production and supplementary feeding and dry matter (DM) consumed, and the key management practices implemented by farmers to enhance farm system resilience. It also notes environmental and other policy changes and examines how sectors and Government have started to respond. The largest estimated increase in DM consumed by livestock from 1990 to 2018 was from increased supplementary feed in the dairy sector. The largest estimated decline in DM production was due to pasture-land conversion to planted forests, followed by weed and pest impacts. In 2018, the dairy sector consumed the most DM at an estimated 25.0M t/yr, followed by sheep at 16.6M t/yr and beef at 10.1M t/yr. The total consumed DM in 2018 was 51.9 M t/yr which corresponds well with the independently estimated national pasture DM production of 64M t/yr. The environmental impacts of managements to enhance resilience in DM availability are becoming evident and future regulations may limit the extent some of these practices can expand.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133884664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Economic benefits of resilient pastures 弹性牧场的经济效益

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-24 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3457

P. Journeaux

引用次数: 1

Plant breeding for resilient pastures 弹性牧场的植物育种

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-19 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3441

J. Caradus, J. Bouton, C. Brummer, M. Faville, R. George, D. Hume, C. Inch, G. Kerr, Stephane Montel, A. Stewart, D. Woodfield

引用次数: 1

Temporal trends in home-grown forage eaten on New Zealand dairy farms 新西兰奶牛场食用的自产饲料的时间趋势

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-19 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3463

Ryan Mills, M. Neal

{"title":"Temporal trends in home-grown forage eaten on New Zealand dairy farms","authors":"Ryan Mills, M. Neal","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3463","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3463","url":null,"abstract":"Pasture is the main source of feed on New Zealand dairy farms, having the benefit of a low cost of production, giving New Zealand’s dairy industry a competitive cost advantage in international markets. Previous literature indicates a plateau in forage grown and consumed on farm (referred to as pasture and crop eaten) over the last 20 years. Farm-level performance data over 14 years from DairyBase across Northland, Waikato, Canterbury and Otago were used to analyse the medium-term trends of pasture and crop eaten at the middle (median) and top (frontier) portions of the distributions of pasture and crop eaten. A performance metric was designed to compare the time trends between top-, average- and bottom-performing farms at the national level. The results were consistent with prior literature with no substantial evidence of an increasing trend in pasture and crop eaten across any region. Furthermore, the results showed that at a national level, top-performing farms were not improving on their pasture and crop eaten, while the average- and bottom-performing farms are improving slightly. The lack of a consistent positive trend is concerning for the dairy sector’s international competitiveness, making further research into new pastoral technologies and techniques paramount for maintaining New Zealand’s competitive position.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130428335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Climate change impacts and adaptation strategies for pasture-based industries: Australian perspective 气候变化对牧场产业的影响和适应策略:澳大利亚视角

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3476

B. Cullen, M. Harrison, D. Mayberry, D. Cobon, Thomas Davison, R. Eckard

引用次数: 2

Soil structure: its importance to resilient pastures in New Zealand (review) 土壤结构:对新西兰弹性牧场的重要性(综述)

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3484

David Houlbrooke, John Drewry, Wei Hu, S. Laurenson, S. Carrick

{"title":"Soil structure: its importance to resilient pastures in New Zealand (review)","authors":"David Houlbrooke, John Drewry, Wei Hu, S. Laurenson, S. Carrick","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3484","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3484","url":null,"abstract":"Soil structure is critical to soil quality due to its influence on many soil processes and functions, including water storage and transport, the oxygen supply, the emission of greenhouse gases, and biological processes such as carbon and nitrogen mineralisation, nitrification and denitrification. These soil functions underpin key ecosystem services such as pasture production, nutrient cycling and mitigation of contaminant losses to receiving waters. The paper discusses key soil physical indicators relevant to pasture performance and the environment, including soil porosity, bulk density and hydraulic conductivity. In regions with robust programs for monitoring soil quality, e.g., Waikato, Canterbury, Auckland, Marlborough and Wellington, soil compaction is found to be widespread under pastoral land-use. The specific consequences of degraded soil quality on pasture production and financial implications remain unclear, at farm, regional and national levels. The range of impacts of soil structural damage on pasture yield, persistence, farm system response, and management practices that minimise or repair damage are presented. Knowledge gaps and further research needs are also summarised.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129579791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Will current rotational grazing management recommendations suit future intensive pastoral systems? 目前的轮牧管理建议是否适合未来的集约化牧区系统?

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-17 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3464

D. Donaghy, R. Bryant, L. Cranston, M. Egan, W. Griffiths, J. Kay, K. Pembleton, K. Tozer

{"title":"Will current rotational grazing management recommendations suit future intensive pastoral systems?","authors":"D. Donaghy, R. Bryant, L. Cranston, M. Egan, W. Griffiths, J. Kay, K. Pembleton, K. Tozer","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3464","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3464","url":null,"abstract":"This review aimed to determine whether current grazing management practices will suit future intensive rotationally grazed pastoral systems. A review of literature on grazing management recommendations found that there was good agreement on the ‘principles’ required for optimal grazing management. While these management practices have stood the test of time, it is concluded that shifts in external pressures (e.g., climate, plant selection and breeding, system intensification) compared to the period when farm-level grazing recommendations were first developed, may necessitate a rethink of current grazing recommendations. Examples include greater pasture masses (e.g., around 4000 kg dry matter (DM)/ha vs. the recommended range of 2600 to 3200 kg DM/ha) where short-rotation (annual, biennial) and tetraploid ryegrasses are sown, provided a consistent post-grazing residual can be maintained (possibly between 40- and 70- mm height). Milder winters and the use of ryegrass cultivars with higher growth rates in late winter/early spring may necessitate either lower target pasture covers at calving or shorter rotation lengths during winter. Longer grazing rotations (well beyond the 3-leaf stage, i.e., equivalent to deferred grazing) can be recommended for select paddocks from mid-spring into summer, to increase seasonal resilience across the farm. Longer residuals (even up to 70 mm - i.e., almost double the recommended height) might improve plant survival during periods of high stress (e.g., heatwaves, droughts). Lastly, diverse species pastures may require specific management to suit dominant species other than perennial ryegrass.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"61 S2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120832002","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 3

Working with dairy farmers to improve their pasture management skills through better understanding the principles of ryegrass growth 通过更好地了解黑麦草生长的原理，与奶农合作，提高他们的牧场管理技能

NZGA: Research and Practice Series Pub Date : 2021-09-12 DOI: 10.33584/rps.17.2021.3462

B. Clarke, D. Donaghy, M. Casey

{"title":"Working with dairy farmers to improve their pasture management skills through better understanding the principles of ryegrass growth","authors":"B. Clarke, D. Donaghy, M. Casey","doi":"10.33584/rps.17.2021.3462","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33584/rps.17.2021.3462","url":null,"abstract":"The relationships between leaf regrowth stage, pre- and post-grazing pasture covers, and grazing rotation length are complex. Despite the existence of well-documented grazing guidelines for managing these relationships, implementation on-farm is highly variable indicating that skill levels are often inadequate and/or farmers are not convinced of the benefits. Twenty dairy farm managers and assistant managers from the Hopkins Farming Group in the lower North Island engaged in structured observation and discussion with experts to test the potential of the 3-leaf grazing technique for increasing pasture production and reducing imported supplement use from mid-spring to mid-autumn. The farmer members of the study group initially had little knowledge of the principles of ryegrass growth at the plant level, and how their management influences pasture production and persistence. Grazing management skills developed by group members during the process included: identification of pasture species within the sward, including perennial ryegrass; identification of leaf morphology, tillers, tiller buds and daughter tillers; pasture health checks to understand when new tillers appeared and their grazing and nutrient needs; and the importance of grazing residuals for future pasture quality. Pasture productivity, as measured by the amount of silage conserved, increased by approximately 0.45 t DM/ha during the 6 months of study through the application of this grazing management technique. Managing grazing using the 3-leaf technique requires a greater depth of knowledge than previous, simple, rotation length-based systems. Many farmers are concerned about the lack of persistence of new ryegrass cultivars, whereas it may be their management practices that have a greater influence.","PeriodicalId":407057,"journal":{"name":"NZGA: Research and Practice Series","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-09-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134015743","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0