{"title":"Ecology","authors":"F. Valladares","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-36","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-36","url":null,"abstract":"Dobzhansky’s sweeping generalization, “nothing in biology makes sense except in the light of evolution” (1964, 449), provocatively captures the centrality of evolutionary theory in contemporary biological science (see also Dobzhansky 1973). But his indelible rally call is also revisionist history, and grievously partial. Although the term “ecology” was not coined until 1866 (Haeckel 1866), most of what would be deemed biological investigation that did not concern the interior of organisms since at least the time of the ancient Greeks, and long before a nascent awareness of evolutionary forces, falls squarely within the purview of ecology. The biological understanding that laid the groundwork out of which evolutionary theory emerged was largely ecological. Ecology therefore casts the same indispensable light in biology, and particularly on evolution. Ecological insights were an integral part of early evolutionary thinking; they are at the core of Darwin’s original theory; and they will remain crucial to theorizing about how evolutionary dynamics shape the biological world. Consider evolutionary theory’s central concept, natural selection. Evolution by natural selection is traditionally thought to depend on three population-level factors: phenotypic variation, heritability, and differential fitness (see Lewontin 1970). All three are biologically crucial components, and at least the latter two have garnered significant attention from philosophers of biology (on heritability, see Tabery 2014 and Downes and Matthews 2019; on fitness, see Rosenberg and Bouchard 2015).","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"91 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124695134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodiversity: Values","authors":"David A. Ehrenfeld","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-8","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"20 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114137472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Community-Based Activities to Reduce Human–Elephant Conflict in Nepal","authors":"B. Buffum, T. Husband, Sandeep Shrestha","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-2","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130325624","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Nitrogen Fixation","authors":"Robert H. Burris","doi":"10.1038/npg.els.0000626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1038/npg.els.0000626","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"49 39","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141204387","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Diversity: Species","authors":"Jeffrey D. Corbin, Brittany L. Oakes","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"216 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132690020","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Agriculture","authors":"John P. Reganold, Jonathan M. Wachter","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-32","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-32","url":null,"abstract":"ducers will be afforded by a decline in maintenance and repair work, for as much of this will be deferred throughout the whole economy as is possible. At the same time, the production of automobiles, electrical appliances, and most other consumer durable goods—even including furniture—will of necessity have to be either virtually eliminated or seriously curtailed. Neither the materials, the machinery, nor the necessary manpower can eventually be made available for such output. Production of nondurables in all likelihood will be lower in the aggregate than during 1941. Wool supplies will be reduced, and this will possibly be the case with leather. Cotton and rayon output can be stepped up only to a limited extent, and silk goods production will largely be extinct. Pulp and paper output may decline slightly in the aggregate, and wide changes will occur in the relative importance of the various types and grades. On the other hand, chemical production is to expand very markedly, while the output of manufactured foods should also be increased. Insofar as the total of all industrial output is concerned, the net result of these various changes will be a further advance. Supply considerations are the only limiting factor. At present, raw material shortages and inadequate plant capacity for finished armaments retard the production advance as a whole. But the ultimate limit to output is furnished by the labor force. This—as shown in the discussion on labor—can support a further increase in aggregate production while supporting a large expansion of the armed forces.","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"26 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129023553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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