{"title":"Biodiversity: Conservation","authors":"Nigel E. Stork","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"2010 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127351952","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Environmental Goods and Services","authors":"D. Campbell","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-27","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-27","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"267 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132331011","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Community Forestry: Sustainability and Equity Issues","authors":"B. Buffum","doi":"10.1081/e-enrl-120051664","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-enrl-120051664","url":null,"abstract":"Governments around the world are increasingly handing over the authority for the management of national forests to the local communities. By 2016, governments in 62 countries had given communities legal rights to manage 732 million hectares of national forest. This approach has been particularly widespread in South Asia. Nepal and India have the oldest and largest programs in the region: community forest user groups in Nepal managed 22 million hectares of national forest in 2016, while forest protection committees in India managed 17 million ha of national forest in 2011. The experience of Nepal and India in the 1980s and 1990s encouraged the development of community forestry programs in many other countries. Overall, community forestry programs have been highly successful at providing a wide range of economic and social benefits to the participating user groups. However, concerns have been raised about the ability of user groups to manage their community forests on a sustainable basis and share products in an equitable manner. This entry reviews the literature related to the sustainability and equity of forest management in community forests.","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125227680","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecosystems: Functions and Services","authors":"R. Costanza","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-24","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-24","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131182105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Ecological and Evolutionary Processes","authors":"R. C. Gouvenain, G. Clements","doi":"10.1081/e-enrl-120047426","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1081/e-enrl-120047426","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Because many of the natural resources we harvest are the products of ecosystems, overexploitation of these resources can degrade the ecological and evolutionary processes that sustain these ecosystems. Loss of species and genetic diversity from unsustainable resource extraction removes the natural variation upon which natural selection operates to allow evolutionary change, and without which the earth’s biota may no longer be able to adapt to human-induced or natural environmental changes. Sustainable resource extraction ensures not only that future human generations will enjoy these resources, but also that the ecosystems that generate these resources will maintain the capacity to do so as Earth’s environments change. INTRODUCTION Natural resources, whether renewable like forests or fi sheries, or non-renewable like crude oil or minerals, have provided generations of human beings with food, shelter, and spiritual or aesthetical enjoyment. Unfortunately, these resources are too often being destroyed or extracted at unsustainable rates. Only when we begin responsibly man-aging our resources within an ecosystem framework that considers long-term social good will we achieve some equilibrium between extraction and conservation.","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"141 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132518534","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Leaves","authors":"G. Brett Runion, S. Pritchard, S. Prior","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-38","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-38","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121894371","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Biodegradation and Bioremediation","authors":"A. Singh, O. Ward","doi":"10.1007/978-3-662-06066-7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-06066-7","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"44 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126901610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Forests","authors":"Lindsay M. Dreiss, Jan Volín","doi":"10.1201/9780429445651-28","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429445651-28","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406927,"journal":{"name":"Terrestrial Ecosystems and Biodiversity","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2020-05-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126894502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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