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Review of Rabbinic Judaism最新文献

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The Rabbinical Coalition of Libyan Jewry under the Leadership of Rabbi Eliyahu Bekhor Ḥazzan 拉比埃利亚胡-贝克霍尔-哈赞领导下的利比亚犹太人拉比联盟
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240009
Ronel Atia
{"title":"The Rabbinical Coalition of Libyan Jewry under the Leadership of Rabbi Eliyahu Bekhor Ḥazzan","authors":"Ronel Atia","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240009","url":null,"abstract":"The extent of a community rabbi’s ability to change the practices of his flock may be a reflection of his status. The stronger his status, the better he can effect change, even if his reform will replace prior practice. In this article, I present two examples in which the dayyanim (rabbinical judges) of the Jewish community in the late nineteenth century acted against Rabbi Ḥazzan during the latter’s term as the Ḥakham Bashi of the Jewish community in Libya. The examples, both dealing with Torah affairs, occurred in close temporal proximity and may be instructive of the atmosphere between Ḥazzan and part of the Jewish community at that time. Notably, shortly after these events, Rabbi Ḥazzan decided to resign his post and move on to a rabbinical position in the Alexandria community.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
A Memorial Day for the Books Annihilated in the Holocaust: History and Reason 大屠杀焚毁图书纪念日：历史与理性
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240010
Isaac Hershkowitz
{"title":"A Memorial Day for the Books Annihilated in the Holocaust: History and Reason","authors":"Isaac Hershkowitz","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240010","url":null,"abstract":"This article focuses on a Memorial Day ceremony that was regularly held during the State of Israel’s first two decades to honor the holy books destroyed during the Holocaust. The ceremony aimed to commemorate the Nazis’ attempt to destroy Judaism, not just the Jewish people. At the forefront of these efforts was Shmuel Zanwil Kahana, who sought to create a mystical atmosphere during the ceremony. His goal was to approach the new altar, represented by the furnace at Mount Zion, and offer a sacrifice of exilic literature to arouse a new spirit within the people of Israel. Despite his almost occult practices and liturgy, Kahana did not achieve the results for which he hoped. His attempts to build the nation through the destruction of its exilic spirit did not succeed.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142224961","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
“And He Gives Her a Bill of Divorcement” "他给了她一份离婚协议书"
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240008
Marc Michaels
{"title":"“And He Gives Her a Bill of Divorcement”","authors":"Marc Michaels","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240008","url":null,"abstract":"This essay explores the halakhic precedents that can be drawn upon concerning the need for, and possible form of, a <jats:italic><jats:styled-content xml:lang=\"he-Hebr\">גט</jats:styled-content> geṭ</jats:italic> (Jewish religious divorce) when one of the parties involved has undergone gender transition. Does a <jats:italic>geṭ</jats:italic> need to be written at all? If so, can the transgender partner (in the case considered, the former husband) give a <jats:italic>geṭ</jats:italic>? If so, what names should be used on the <jats:italic>geṭ</jats:italic>? Here we examine the reactions of the various Jewish denominational movements to this growing societal phenomenon and study how the denominational setting impacts the answers to those questions.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192762","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Polemics on Perfection: Maimonides’ Last Law on Slaves Resolves the Debate 完美的论战：迈蒙尼德关于奴隶的最后一条律法解决了争论
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240007
Mois Navon
{"title":"Polemics on Perfection: Maimonides’ Last Law on Slaves Resolves the Debate","authors":"Mois Navon","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240007","url":null,"abstract":"“What is the <jats:italic>summum bonum</jats:italic>?” This question is, without exaggeration, the ultimate existential question. Of no less import is its corollary: how is one to achieve this <jats:italic>summum bonum</jats:italic>? Maimonides’ <jats:italic>Guide for the Perplexed</jats:italic> endeavors to provide the answers. That said, the precise intent of Maimonides answers has generated no less perplexity than the original questions. Indeed, modern Jewish philosophers have spared no ink in trying to ascertain Maimonides’ intentions on human perfection. In this essay, I seek not to add yet another perspective on Maimonides’ intentions but to provide compelling support for existing positions; support found – worlds apart from the ivory towers where philosophers spill their ink – in the private quarters of a Canaanite slave. It is my thesis that Maimonides, in his last Law on Slaves, provides us with the answers to the ultimate existential questions and, accordingly, with a resolution to the perennial polemics on perfection.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192779","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Marriage Ceremony in Early Medieval Ashkenaz 中世纪早期阿什肯纳兹的结婚仪式
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-09-05 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240006
Shalem Yahalom
{"title":"The Marriage Ceremony in Early Medieval Ashkenaz","authors":"Shalem Yahalom","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240006","url":null,"abstract":"This article examined the marriage procedures prevalent in Mainz and other places in eleventh century Ashkenaz. Marriages took place on the Sabbath, as in Christian society, where weddings were held on holidays and days of rest. The <jats:italic>ketubah</jats:italic> was written on Friday in order to prepare for the wedding. Marriage during this period was not a symbolic ritual but a tangible act of sexual intercourse. Accordingly, a festive meal was held during which the couple consummated the marriage. Since the betrothal took place in a limited social circle, the betrothal blessing was recited toward the end of the Sabbath in the framework of a public, festive ceremony. After verification of the bride’s virginity, which meant she was eligible to receive the <jats:italic>ketubah</jats:italic>, the marriage blessings were recited on Saturday night and the <jats:italic>ketubah</jats:italic> became legally binding.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142192761","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Ancien Regime Jurisprudence Shaped by a Primordial Jewish-Christian Polemic 原始犹太教与基督教对立所形成的古代法理学
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240002
Shael Herman
{"title":"Ancien Regime Jurisprudence Shaped by a Primordial Jewish-Christian Polemic","authors":"Shael Herman","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240002","url":null,"abstract":"In the eighteenth century, Jewish-Christian polemics fueled a legal dualism among French officials, Jewish communities, and Christian Hebraists. Out of this friction emerged the <jats:italic>Recueil des Loix, Coutumes, et Usages Observes par les Juifs de Metz</jats:italic>, which illuminated Jewish laws for French judges unschooled in Hebrew and the regional Judeo-Allemande dialect. Metz officials’ request for the <jats:italic>Recueil</jats:italic> cheered Jewish leaders who hoped to enhance Christian interest in the community’s internal life, even as skeptical Metz Jews likely suspected intensified surveillance of their transactions both among themselves and with Christians. Still, in interpreting Jewish law, <jats:italic>ancien regime</jats:italic> courts did not uniformly promote antisemitism. On the contrary, as seen in the compilation of the <jats:italic>Recueil</jats:italic>, judges often explored Jewish law with genuine curiosity and sought to reconcile it with Christian ideals, even if some judges clung to a hope of converting Jews, for which purpose Jewish law needed to be understood.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570058","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Halakhic Crypticity 哈拉卡克的隐秘性
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240003
Amir Mashiach
{"title":"Halakhic Crypticity","authors":"Amir Mashiach","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240003","url":null,"abstract":"Medieval Jewish philosophers used cryptic writing 1) to protect innocent believers whose faith could be harmed by uncustomary ideas; 2) to protect the philosopher, whose societal standing might be risked through the expression of uncustomary views; and 3) as a normative characteristic of how philosophy was written. This article demonstrates that, in the halakhic literature, this same technique was utilized by halakhic decisors, and for reasons similar to those of philosophers. A contemporary example helps to make the point. Rabbi Shlomo Zalman Auerbach, one of the most prominent twentieth century rabbis, used this approach for two of the three reasons cited: to protect readers from falling into inappropriate religious practice and to protect his own status in a community that valued halakhic uniformity. Rabbi Auerbach thus exemplifies the use of halakhic crypticity to maintain a distinction between theoretical “decisions rules” and practical “conduct rules.”","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
The Theurgic Power of Intellectual, Meditative, and Moralistic Engagement: Safrin’s Otsar haḤayim 智力、冥想和道德参与的力量：萨弗林的《Otsar haḤayim
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240001
Leore Sachs-Shmueli
{"title":"The Theurgic Power of Intellectual, Meditative, and Moralistic Engagement: Safrin’s Otsar haḤayim","authors":"Leore Sachs-Shmueli","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240001","url":null,"abstract":"In its rationalization of the commandments, <jats:italic>Otsar haḤayim</jats:italic>, by Yitṣḥak Ayzik Yehuda Yeḥiel Safrin of Komarno, integrates Talmudic, halakhic, kabbalistic, and Hasidic traditions. Safrin’s theurgic system expands Lurianic traditions to include a multidimensional interiorized practice that can be traced to the Baal Shem Tov (the Besht), the legendary founder of Hasidism. This article argue that Safrin’s interiorization went hand in hand with stipulating a strict adherence to practical fulfillment of halakhic norms. Furthermore, in his writings, Safrin upheld all the dominant, traditional models regarding the kabbalistic efficacy of the commandments – theurgic, magical, and ecstatic – expanding them (not replacing them) to include not only their practical performance but also a variety of interiorized practices. Additionally, each of these performances encompasses a moralistic aspect – repairing sin, transgression, and encouraging a person to strive for self-perfection in divine worship.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140602925","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Writings of Jewish Converts to Islam against Their Forebears’ Faith: a Subgenre of Interreligious Polemical Literature 皈依伊斯兰教的犹太人反对其祖先信仰的著作：跨宗教论战文学的一个分支
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240005
Yoel Marciano, Haggai Mazuz
{"title":"Writings of Jewish Converts to Islam against Their Forebears’ Faith: a Subgenre of Interreligious Polemical Literature","authors":"Yoel Marciano, Haggai Mazuz","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240005","url":null,"abstract":"Islamic polemical literature against Judaism is typified by the repetition of ideas expressed in previous generations alongside growth and development in new directions. This article focuses on writings against Judaism by Jews who willingly converted to Islam. These converts’ texts reveal meaningful and unique characteristics that justify their being considered a subgenre of the polemical literature. This largely results from the converts’ intimate acquaintance with their forebears’ Jewish faith, thought, and rituals. This knowledge enabled them to raise new and original arguments, primary among them from Hebrew literature, which was not accessible to Muslims from birth. The article concludes with insights about the converts’ writings and the utility of identifying them as a subgenre for the study of Muslim-Jewish polemic.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570057","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
Waving and Beating of Willows 挥手击柳
IF 0.2
Review of Rabbinic Judaism Pub Date : 2024-04-03 DOI: 10.1163/15700704-20240004
Zvi Ron
{"title":"Waving and Beating of Willows","authors":"Zvi Ron","doi":"10.1163/15700704-20240004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/15700704-20240004","url":null,"abstract":"The practice of beating willows on Hoshanah Rabbah is a very unusual one, with no explanations offered in the Talmud or Midrash. In the ancient world, the willow represented both fertility and infertility, life and death, and the beating of willows can be connected both to beating with plants as a fertility ritual and as a form of scapegoat ritual. Echoes of both of these ideas are found in Sephardic folk practices associated with beating people with willows as well as the earliest Gaonic explanation for this practice, in addition to the later explanations found in the Zohar.","PeriodicalId":40689,"journal":{"name":"Review of Rabbinic Judaism","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2024-04-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140570187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 0
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