{"title":"Cardiovascular disorders","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1007/978-3-540-71516-0_5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-71516-0_5","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128710320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Haematological drugs","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0015","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0015","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses haematological drugs and includes discussion on anticoagulants and heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (including unfractionated heparin, low-molecular weight heparins, danaparoid, coumarins, synthetic pentasaccharides, the direct oral anticoagulants, and thromboprophylaxis in critical care patients), thrombolysis (definition of thrombolysis, physiology of fibrinolysis, contraindications to thrombolysis, factors influencing a successful outcome, myocardial infarction, acute limb ischaemia, and pulmonary embolism), and antifibrinolytics (describing the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing traumatic bleeding, the efficacy of tranexamic acid in reducing surgical bleeding, and the efficacy of tranexamic acid in postpartum haemorrhage).","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"1 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128682825","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Cardiovascular therapy techniques","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0002","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses cardiovascular therapy techniques and includes discussion on defibrillation, temporary cardiac pacing, intra-aortic balloon counterpulsation pump, cardiac assist devices, and targeted temperature management.","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"47 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129511987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Renal therapy techniques","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0003","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses renal therapy techniques and includes discussion on haemodialysis (showing principles of renal replacement therapies (RRTs) and complications of haemodialysis), haemo(dia)filtration (discussing indications to start RRT, indications to stop RRT, principles of renal replacement, choice of mode, and practical RRT prescription), and peritoneal dialysis (PD) (discussing peritoneal membrane structure and solute transfer, access, techniques, dialysate, PD as RRT, management of acute renal failure by PD, and management of the continuous ambulatory PD patient with critical illness).","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131034674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Maternal critical care","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, Neil Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0032","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0032","url":null,"abstract":"The UK maternal mortality rate is one of the lowest in the world, at 9.8/100 000 maternities. However, for every maternal death there are at least 70 women who develop severe maternal morbidity, and this rate is rising with increasing body mass index, maternal age, and pre-existing disease. The commonest ‘direct’ cause of death because of pregnancy is thrombosis, and ‘indirect’ cause from a pre-existing problem is cardiovascular disease. The confidential mortality reports and recommendations on mortality MBRRACE-UK have resulted in major improvements in common obstetric problems such as venous thromboebolism, pre-eclampsia, and haemorrhage. Nowadays focus is also directed to examining causes of and improving management of morbidity (as opposed to mortality), often from other disorders such as infection, cardiac, and respiratory disease, resulting in the need for critical care. This chapter discusses maternal critical care, enhanced maternity care, and includes discussion on common conditions causing illness in pregnancy, obstetric emergencies, and reviews and guidelines. There are sections on venous thromboembolism, pre-eclampsia, massive obstetric haemorrhage, obstetric sepsis, cardiac disease, neurological emergencies, liver failure, diabetic emergencies, amniotic fluid embolism, and complications of anaesthesia.","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126566080","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gastrointestinal disorders","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses gastrointestinal (GI) disorders and includes discussion on vomiting and gastric stasis/gastroparesis, gastric erosions, diarrhoea, upper GI haemorrhage (non-variceal), bleeding varices, intestinal perforation, intestinal obstruction, lower GI bleeding, colitis, pancreatitis, acute acalculous cholecystitis, splanchnic ischaemia, and abdominal hypertension (IAH) and abdominal compartment syndrome. The aim is to provide a summary of the extensive complex abdominal pathologies that can present to an intensive care clinician. Where appropriate, descriptions are provided on clinical presentation, epidemiology, diagnosis (including investigations), and management. Of note, the conditions covered can arise on the ward environment with subsequent requirement for intensive care, but they can also arise de novo on the intensive care unit itself, highlighting the need for intensive care clinicians to maintain a broad knowledge and understanding of their presentation and management.","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125707183","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Hepatic disorders","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199229581.003.0021","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses hepatic disorders and includes discussion on jaundice, acute liver failure (including discussion on liver transplantation and liver support systems), hepatic encephalopathy (and management of hepatic encephalopathy in acute and chronic liver failure), chronic liver failure (and management of decompensated cirrhosis on the intensive care unit), and abnormal liver function tests. The epidemiology, diagnosis (including history and examination findings), investigations, and management of different types of liver failure are discussed in the relevant sections; in addition, a detailed section on biochemistry is included which discusses the background and interpretation of ‘standard’ laboratory tests of liver function, as well as dynamic tests.","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"48 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"120817038","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Poisoning","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0026","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198723561.003.0026","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses poisoning and includes management of acute poisoning (including history, examination, immediate management, clinical examination, investigations, expert advice, reducing drug adsorption, enhancing drug elimination, extracorporeal techniques, and specific therapy of some common or difficult poisonings).","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"59 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117043757","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Intensive care unit organization and management","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0034","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0034","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses ICU organization and management and includes discussion on consent on the ICU, rationing in critical care, ICU layout, medical staffing, ICU staffing (both nursing and staffing for supporting professions), fire safety in the ICU, legal issues and the Coroner, patient safety, Severity of Illness Scoring systems, comparison of ICUs, critical care disaster planning, health technology assessment, transfer of the critically ill patient, aeromedical evacuation, outreach and medical emergency teams, critical care follow-up, rehabilitation, and managing antibiotic resistance.","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"134 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134590736","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Gastrointestinal therapy techniques","authors":"C. Waldmann, A. Rhodes, N. Soni, J. Handy","doi":"10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/MED/9780198723561.003.0004","url":null,"abstract":"This chapter discusses gastrointestinal therapy techniques and includes discussion on insertion of a Sengstaken–Blakemore tube in critical care (discussing aspects of the procedure such as indication, equipment, preparation, insertion, post-insertion, pharmacological measures, complications, follow-up therapy) and upper gastrointestinal endoscopy (including presentation, causes, hospital management, clinical approach, resuscitation, initial investigations, endoscopy, endoscopic therapy, medical therapy, and follow-up).","PeriodicalId":406870,"journal":{"name":"Oxford Desk Reference: Critical Care","volume":"63 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117069980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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