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Flujos netos de capital, choques macroeconómicos y activos de reservas. El caso argentino (1994-2013) 净资本流动、宏观经济冲击和储备资产。阿根廷案例(1994-2013)
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2014-06-30 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2014.38.2
Luis N. Lanteri
{"title":"Flujos netos de capital, choques macroeconómicos y activos de reservas. El caso argentino (1994-2013)","authors":"Luis N. Lanteri","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2014.38.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2014.38.2","url":null,"abstract":"International reserves have been used as a source of protection against the vulnerability of the balance of payments, or alternatively, as an attempt to keep a competitive real exchange rate and to promote exports. This paper explores the correlation between the net capital flows and reserves. Similarly, the impact of some macroeconomic shocks on that variable is assessed. Estimates are carried out through both, the VEC (Vector Error Correction) models and quarterly data of the Argentine economy for the period 1994-2013. Results show a negative correlation between international reserves and net capital flows (reserve accumulation through current account surpluses). At the same time, the expansionary fiscal policies and the continuing and widespread price increases would adversely affect the reserves.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"18 1","pages":"37-61"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67417259","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
El gasto social como factor que favorece una mayor dependencia del IVA. Un análisis para el caso colombiano 社会支出是鼓励更依赖增值税的一个因素。对哥伦比亚案例的分析
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2014-06-30 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2014.38.7
V. Rodríguez
{"title":"El gasto social como factor que favorece una mayor dependencia del IVA. Un análisis para el caso colombiano","authors":"V. Rodríguez","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2014.38.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2014.38.7","url":null,"abstract":"Este documento, mediante un estudio de caso para Colombia sugiere que el gasto publico social facilita el incremento de la participacion de los impuestos indirectos como el IVA en el recaudo, no solo por el esfuerzo fiscal que requiere su financiacion, sino tambien por el efecto de compensacion que significa para los contribuyentes, particularmente aquellos de menores ingresos. Asimismo, se presenta evidencia acerca de los determinantes de la estructura y presion tributaria empleando datos del periodo 1970-2010, se resalta su dependencia temporal y se considera el efecto de las reformas tributarias aprobadas.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"18 1","pages":"185-215"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2014-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67417780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Ciclo económico y prima por riesgo en el mercado accionario colombiano 哥伦比亚股票市场的经济周期和风险溢价
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-11-29 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.5
Andrés Mauricio Gómez Sánchez, José Gabriel Astaiza Gómez
{"title":"Ciclo económico y prima por riesgo en el mercado accionario colombiano","authors":"Andrés Mauricio Gómez Sánchez, José Gabriel Astaiza Gómez","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.5","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo presenta una revision de la relacion entre la prima por riesgo ex post del mercado accionario y los ciclos economicos observados en Colombia recurriendo a la metodologia Hodrick-Prescott. Con informacion trimestral desde el cuarto trimestre de 2001 al tercer trimestre de 2012, la evidencia estadistica muestra que los aumentos y disminuciones de la prima por riesgo ex post siguen un comportamiento contraciclico en sintonia con las investigaciones realizadas hasta ahora para Estados Unidos y economias emergentes, aunque con relaciones no contemporaneas con el consumo privado. Adicionalmente se encuentra que en la ultima decada la prima por riesgo en Colombia sigue un proceso de modelos autorregresivos de media movil (ARMA, por las siglas en ingles de AutoRegressive Moving Average Models), mostrando que no varia por lo menos en dos trimestres contiguos y cuyo comportamiento es generado en parte por eventos externos al nivel de actividad economica nacional acaecidos en periodos pasados cercanos.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"17 1","pages":"109-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67417284","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Comunidades organizadas y el servicio público de agua potable en Colombia: una defensa de la tercera opción económica desde la teoría de recursos de uso común 哥伦比亚有组织的社区和公共饮用水服务:从公共资源理论捍卫第三种经济选择
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-11-29 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.6
Jhonny Moncada Mesa, C. Muñoz, Germán Darío Valencia Agudelo
{"title":"Comunidades organizadas y el servicio público de agua potable en Colombia: una defensa de la tercera opción económica desde la teoría de recursos de uso común","authors":"Jhonny Moncada Mesa, C. Muñoz, Germán Darío Valencia Agudelo","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.6","url":null,"abstract":"Based on the theory and institutional principles proposed by Elinor Ostrom, this paper explores whether Colombian organized communities are able to provide potable water public utility in a sustainable manner and manage it as a common-pool resource (CPR). For this purpose, a set of Colombian community aqueducts is selected and compared against the eight principles proposed by this theory. The results have shown that, in general it complies with institutional principles but it also highlights difficulties, particularly in regards to the \"minimal recognition of organization rights\" principle.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"17 1","pages":"125-159"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67417110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 10
Métodos para predecir índices Bursátiles 预测股票指数的方法
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-11-29 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.3
Martha Cecilia García, Aura María Jalal, Luis Alfonso Garzón, Jorge M. López
{"title":"Métodos para predecir índices Bursátiles","authors":"Martha Cecilia García, Aura María Jalal, Luis Alfonso Garzón, Jorge M. López","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.37.3","url":null,"abstract":"Este articulo presenta una revision bibliografica acerca de los metodos que se han utilizado en las ultimas dos decadas para predecir Indices Bursatiles. Los metodos estudiados van desde aquellos que logran capturar las caracteristicas lineales presentes en los indices de bolsa, pasando por los que se enfocan en las caracteristicas no lineales y finalmente metodos hibridos que son mas robustos, pues capturan caracteristicas lineales y no lineales. Ademas, se incluyen aquellos metodos que utilizan variables macroeconomicas para predecir los indices de diferentes Bolsas de Valores en el mundo.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"17 1","pages":"51-82"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67417053","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 6
Desarrollo del sector servicios y su papel en la consolidación del crecimiento económico mundial 服务业的发展及其在巩固世界经济增长中的作用
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.3
A. Sánchez
{"title":"Desarrollo del sector servicios y su papel en la consolidación del crecimiento económico mundial","authors":"A. Sánchez","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.3","url":null,"abstract":"Mediante un analisis econometrico de tipo panel se estudia la relacion del comercio y la produccion nacional de servicios frente a la productividad por trabajador y el crecimiento economico mundial. Se describen dos mecanismos en que los servicios, a traves de la tecnologia que incorporan a la estructura productiva de las economias nacionales, incrementan la productividad media por trabajador y promueven el crecimiento economico. Utilizando informacion para 124 paises y un periodo que va desde 1970 a 2007, se halla evidencia significativa del papel de estos dos mecanismos: importacion y produccion domestica de servicios en la consolidacion de las productividades medias de las naciones. Ademas, se encuentra que los servicios de alto contenido en capital humano, en contraposicion a las actividades economicas de los sectores primario y secundario, sustentan la mayor proporcion del crecimiento de la productividad por trabajador en paises de altos y medianos ingresos. ***** The relationship between domestic trade and service production, on one hand, and productivity per worker and world economic growth, on the other, is studied in this paper through a panel data econometric analysis. Two mechanisms are described where services, by incorporating technology in the productive structure of domestic economies, increase average productivity per worker and promote economic growth. Data corresponding to 124 countries, between 1970 and 2007 was analyzed. Significant evidence was found about the role of both imported services and domestic service production in consolidating the nations' average productivity. Likewise, services with a high content of human capital, as opposed to economic activities in the primary and secondary sectors, were found to underpin the largest share of productivity growth per worker in high and middle income countries.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"143 1","pages":"43-68"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67416896","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Elasticidad de la demanda por medicamentos en el mercado farmacéutico privado en Colombia 哥伦比亚私营药品市场对药品需求的弹性
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.7
J. Velásquez, Karoll Gómez Portilla, E. Vélez, J. Herrera, Andrés Ramírez Hassan
{"title":"Elasticidad de la demanda por medicamentos en el mercado farmacéutico privado en Colombia","authors":"J. Velásquez, Karoll Gómez Portilla, E. Vélez, J. Herrera, Andrés Ramírez Hassan","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.7","url":null,"abstract":"Based on a dynamic specification of the AIDS model arisen from cointegration techniques, this research estimated the elasticity of the intra-molecular, brand and generic demand for three tracer conditions: essential hypertension, diabetes and hyperlipidemia both in the non-profit and private Colombian market. The estimate of the intra-molecular demand elasticity allows us to conclude that both brand-name and generic drugs are inelastic to price changes, they are luxury goods according to expenditure elasticity and intra-molecular replacement seems to exist due to the elasticity of substitution.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"17 1","pages":"147-172"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67416587","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 3
Diferenciación oligopólica del café verde colombiano en el mercado estadounidense 哥伦比亚绿咖啡在美国市场的寡头分化
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.5
Andrés Cardona
{"title":"Diferenciación oligopólica del café verde colombiano en el mercado estadounidense","authors":"Andrés Cardona","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.5","url":null,"abstract":"La literatura de la nueva organizacion industrial empirica (NEIO, por sus siglas en ingles) senala que la competencia internacional imperfecta entre productos basicos puede ser caracterizada por precios, cantidades, y por diferenciacion del producto. Este trabajo muestra que la efectividad de la estrategia de diferenciacion del cafe verde colombiano en el mercado estadounidense ha implicado que Colombia tenga una competencia en cantidades con su principal competidor, Brasil. Para esto se presenta un conjunto de modelos que permiten identificar la estructura de la competencia que han seguido Brasil y Colombia en el mercado estadounidense de importaciones de cafe verde. Los modelos son evaluados usando una prueba de razon de verosimilitud para determinar cual de ellos interpreta mejor los datos. El modelo que mejor lo hace es el de Stackelberg, con liderazgo en cantidades de Brasil. ***** New Empirical Industrial Organization (NEIO) literature notes that imperfect foreign competition among commodities may be characterized by prices, quantities and product differentiation. This paper shows that the effectiveness of the differentiation strategy of Colombian green bean coffee in the US market has caused Colombia to compete in terms of quantities with its major opponent, Brazil. In order to show it, this paper brings a set of models which allow us to identify the competitive structure followed by Brazil and Colombia in the United States market of green bean coffee imports. These models are evaluated through a likelihood ratio test to determine which of them best explains the data. Stackelberg is the best model showing Brazil's leadership in terms of quantities.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"77 1","pages":"99-125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67416945","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 1
Fluctuaciones económicas en una economía pequeña con dos sectores productivos bajo régimen de cambio flotante 在浮动汇率制度下有两个生产部门的小型经济体的经济波动
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2013-06-30 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.2
J. Mora
{"title":"Fluctuaciones económicas en una economía pequeña con dos sectores productivos bajo régimen de cambio flotante","authors":"J. Mora","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2013.36.2","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a theoretical model of aggregate supply and demand in a small economy with two productive sectors, under a flexible exchange regime and imperfect capital mobility. Only one of the production sectors is assumed to produce an exportable commodity sold at world market prices, while the production of the other sector is assumed to supply the domestic market. This model helps to explain how the impact of both domestic (economic policy, productivity, etc.) and foreign (changes in exchange terms) shocks is spread. In every case studied, results show that real output increases consistently with those cases postulated by economic theory. Conversely, the effects on the price level, the exchange rate and the real interest rate are ambiguous. In terms of domestic shocks, fiscal or monetary policy may be seen as a way to stabilize or stimulate the economy but the costs involved raise the price level.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"109 1","pages":"21-42"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-06-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67416675","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 2
Contribución de la orientación emprendedora a la rentabilidad de las pymes: un análisis contingente considerando la función del entorno 创业导向对中小企业盈利能力的贡献:考虑环境功能的条件分析
Ecos de Economia Pub Date : 2012-12-15 DOI: 10.17230/ECOS.2012.35.3
I. Martins, Felipe Uribe, Diana Mesa
{"title":"Contribución de la orientación emprendedora a la rentabilidad de las pymes: un análisis contingente considerando la función del entorno","authors":"I. Martins, Felipe Uribe, Diana Mesa","doi":"10.17230/ECOS.2012.35.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.17230/ECOS.2012.35.3","url":null,"abstract":"En este articulo se investiga el efecto de la orientacion emprendedora (OE) en el desempeno financiero de la pequena y mediana empresa (pyme), asi como una propuesta de un modelo de contingencias para explorar el efecto moderador de la hostilidad del entorno sobre la relacion OE-desempeno financiero. Para examinar las hipotesis propuestas se ha utilizado informacion de 121 pymes pertenecientes a la industria manufacturera en Cataluna, Espana. Los resultados confirman la influencia positiva de la OE sobre el desempeno financiero de las empresas, y de mayor importancia aun, la influencia es mas positiva cuan- do existe un ajuste entre la OE y el entorno. Implicaciones para la academia y el mundo empresarial, con respecto a la OE en el contexto de la pyme, son presentadas y discutidas.","PeriodicalId":40682,"journal":{"name":"Ecos de Economia","volume":"16 1","pages":"45-71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2012-12-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"67416872","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
引用次数: 5
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