{"title":"In-Between Authorship in Montaigne’s Essais","authors":"Luke O’Sullivan","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1675243","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1675243","url":null,"abstract":"Returning to Montaigne’s famous claim of ‘consubstantiality’ with his book, this article examines the place of authorship in the Essais. It proposes that Montaigne constructs an authorial ‘doubleness’, a technique by which static text yields multiple readings depending on how and with whom we associate the role of ‘authorship’. At the close of the ‘Apologie de Raimond Sebond’, Montaigne silently transcribes a lengthy passage from Plutarch’s ‘Que signifioit ce mot E’i’ on the inherent flux of all things, including thought and judgement. This is taken as a case study to show how Montaigne destabilises the notion of the ‘autheur’, moving ‘authorship’ to the in-between space of the page and allowing multiple authors to come in and out of focus as we change our perspective. This textual plurality provides Montaigne with a new way of writing doubtfully, of constructing a ‘forme d’escrire douteuse et irresolue’.","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"106 - 125"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1675243","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48074149","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Editor’s Note","authors":"Timothy Chesters","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1689059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1689059","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"105 - 105"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1689059","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42008218","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Descartes and Socrates on the Possibility and Point of Inquiry","authors":"J. Templeman","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1672990","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1672990","url":null,"abstract":"Commentators have often noted ‘la présence latente du Ménon dans le cartésianisme’, but have not offered a sustained account of what this presence consists in. The author argues there exist strong parallels between Meno and the Recherche de la vérité, Descartes’ only extant dialogue, grounded partly in Descartes’ awareness of Plato's text. This parallel offers a useful approach to the Recherche. The first part of the article presents Meno and gives an outline of its reception. The second gives a reading of Descartes’ text. Since the concerns of the Recherche reflect arguments and approaches taken up in other texts like the Méditations, the author closes in the third part by suggesting the parallel allows us to say, more generally, that Descartes’ approach to inquiry, and to his fight with scholasticism, is a Socratic one.","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"126 - 143"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1672990","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47232676","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Querelle des femmes and Nicolas Boileau's Satire X: Going Beyond Perrault","authors":"A. Duggan","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1672989","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1672989","url":null,"abstract":"Critics from Joan DeJean to Marina Warner and Jack Zipes have lauded Charles Perrault's Apologie des femmes for its supposed defense of women against Nicolas Boileau's misogynous Satire X. Although Zipes wonders ‘[w]hether these works can be considered pro-women today,' this essay asks: can these works indeed be considered pro-women in the period in which they were written? Scholars studying the quarrel over Boileau’s Satire X tend to limit themselves to the response of Perrault, completely ignoring the more clearly pro-women reactions of writers and playwrights like Nicolas Pradon, Pierre Bellocq, Jean-François Regnard, Claude-Ignace Brugière de Barante, Marie-Jeanne Lhéritier, and Jean Donneau de Visé. This study thus asks a second question: are we basing our ideas about the epistemological limits of a period on the full array of actual discourses available, or on what we have assumed to be the available discourses of the period, which far too often is limited to what has become the classical canon?","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"144 - 157"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1672989","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47347709","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"‘Sçavoir bien badiner est un grand avantage’: Monkey Business in the Labyrinth of Versailles","authors":"Kathryn Rife Bastin","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1675986","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1675986","url":null,"abstract":"The Labyrinth of Versailles was a splendid horticultural space in early modern France frequented by courtiers and very likely by Louis XIV’s son the dauphin. In this article, the author argues that the Labyrinth stood as a vital locus of etiquette formation for the court, and more widely, the surrounding Parisian villages and early modern Europe at large. Fouquet’s usurpation of kingly authority comes into play, as well as political allegory, that tie together to show the crucial nature of the Labyrinth as an architectural space that ultimately influences comportment of the era. The author examines texts by Charles Perrault, Isaac de Benserade, and engravings by Sébastien Le Clerc. She considers two of the most important fountains within the verdant passageways, those of the monkey king and the monkey judge, which showcase the critical nature of imitation for acceptable comportment of the period.","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"189 - 208"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-07-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1675986","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46557253","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Parisian Palimpsests and Creole Creations: Mme Marsan and Dlle Minette play Nina on the Caribbean Stage*","authors":"J. Prest","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1592813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1592813","url":null,"abstract":"This article compares the theatrical careers of two performers in the French colony of Saint-Domingue (present-day Haiti): Mme Marsan, a white European who dominated the public stage in 1780s Cap-Français, and a younger Creole woman of mixed racial ancestry, known as ‘Minette’, who performed in her home town of Port-au-Prince. Its focus is on performances of Marsollier and Dalayrac’s opéra-comique, Nina (1786), in which both women performed the lead role. Although Minette is usually regarded as a singer, it is argued here that, by electing to put on and star in Nina, she was taking on one of the most demanding acting roles in the repertoire. The article considers the self-positioning — and positioning by others — of both performers in relation to the metropolitan performance model and the possibility of creating creolized forms of theatre. While Mme Marsan acknowledged that she was playing a role previously performed successfully in Paris by Mme Dugazon, Minette’s approach was more complex: drawing on unacknowledged references to a review of Dugazon’s performance, Minette also invoked a common Creole background that she claimed to share with her local audience. The metropolitan ‘model’ was thus not always imitated; it was also used as inspiration for new, subtly creolized forms of theatre.","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"170 - 188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-03-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1592813","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49238753","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Introduction: Voulez ouyr?","authors":"Tom Hamilton, N. Hammond","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1612556","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612556","url":null,"abstract":"The text and performance of Janequin’s work raises important issues about the representations of social classes in literature and the performance of everyday speech in a choral context. It introduces the voices of Parisian street singers in ways that seem immediately realistic — vinegar, green sauce, mustard, herring — yet also draw attention to their literary construction as ultimately the song exposes the impossibility of its own project: ‘Si vous en voulez plus ouyr, allez les donc querre !’ In a sixteenth-century context, the joke is perhaps on the elite audiences who would hear Janequin’s pieces performed at court yet would not deign to expose themselves on foot to the hawkers on the Petit Pont whose voices Janequin transposed into polyphony. Modern scholars might feel the provocation differently. For those researchers interested not only in reading about the past, but in understanding how it sounded, Janequin’s conclusion summarizes the problem concisely, for we evidently cannot ask his street singers directly and can only approach their voices through the existing sources. Howmight researchers go about understanding past sound worlds, and the sound world of early modern France in particular? One of our main motivating factors in preparing this special number has been the relative absence of works within early modern French studies devoted to the increasingly buoyant discipline of sound studies. Although the pioneering work of R. Murray Schafer, and, for early modern England, that of Bruce R. Smith, date back to the last century, the majority of wider-ranging recent research on sound within pre-modern French studies has tended to focus upon the nineteenth century or the medieval period. A number","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"2 - 6"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612556","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48050639","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The Sound of Memory: Acoustic Conflict and the Legacy of the French Wars of Religion in Seventeenth-Century Montpellier","authors":"David van der Linden","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1612558","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612558","url":null,"abstract":"This article explores the commemorative meaning of sound in early modern Montpellier, focusing on the use of processional music and church bells to remember the French Wars of Religion. Scholarship has demonstrated that music in post-Reformation Europe often served to consolidate confessional identities, but this article argues that in religiously mixed communities like Montpellier, sound also served as a memory vector. In the wake of the French religious wars, Protestants and Catholics developed competing soundscapes that revived painful memories about the wars and sustained religious tension throughout the seventeenth century. Catholics relied on frequent processions to recall the destruction of their churches and monasteries at the hands of the Protestants, and chose specific songs to underline their triumph in re-establishing Catholic worship. The memory of losing their church bells also prompted them to fight Protestant attempts at installing their own bells after the wars. On the basis of untapped archival sources, this article also reconstructs the musical culture of Catholics in seventeenth-century Montpellier, paying particular attention to the cathedral chapel and the confraternity of White Penitents.*","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"20 - 7"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612558","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44373686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Constructing a Political Crime: Songs about the Assassination of the duc and the cardinal de Guise","authors":"Tatiana Debbagi Baranova","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1612560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612560","url":null,"abstract":"Songs played a significant role in the French Wars of Religion by spreading political and religious ideas, and by involving Protestants and Catholics in the conflict. Performed in the streets, churches, workshops and houses, songs participated in the construction of urban soundscapes during the troubles. This article examines six songs composed after the execution of the duc and the cardinal de Guise on the order of Henri III (23 and 24 December, 1588) and printed in Paris by Nicolas Bonfons. This event sparked the armed revolt of the Catholic League against the king and his heir, the Protestant Henri de Navarre. The article analyses the rhetorical features of the songs and compares their arguments with those of contemporary visual images and printed libels. In particular, it shows how songs served as a link between print and oral culture. Songs allowed Leaguers — whatever their age, sex, or status — not only to assimilate the main points of the justification of the revolt and to incorporate representations of a just monarchy, but also to appropriate them intimately by singing.","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"21 - 36"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612560","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44779856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Early Modern Justice and Oral Traditions: Crime and Punishment in Breton Ballads","authors":"Éva Guillorel","doi":"10.1080/20563035.2019.1612562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612562","url":null,"abstract":"Breton ballads singing tales of crime and justice have been collected by ethnographers since the nineteenth century. These songs refer to a number of episodes of crime and violence that took place during the ancien régime. Composed shortly after the events they describe, they were passed on by families and communities over centuries, almost exclusively in oral culture, since printed broadsheets of these songs were not produced in the early modern period. The Breton ballads give privileged access to the omnipresent sonic element of early modern culture, since singing leaves few traces in the written and visual sources typically studied by researchers. Comparing the ballads with documents from the criminal archives concerning the same or similar cases reveals how communities maintain, adapt, and transmit the memory of current events and crime. These songs, shaped by a desire to preserve faithfully the details of local historical events and a need to adapt their storytelling to the poetic demands of the genre, give great insight into the customs and mentalities of the communities that performed them and passed them on through the generations, especially concerning questions of justice and morality. Studying these songs demonstrates from a methodological point of view the importance of comparing oral and written sources in order to better understand early modern society and culture.","PeriodicalId":40652,"journal":{"name":"Early Modern French Studies","volume":"41 1","pages":"37 - 51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.2,"publicationDate":"2019-01-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1080/20563035.2019.1612562","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41453890","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"历史学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}