East Central Europe最新文献_第10页

The Socialist Conception of Human Rights and Its Dissident Critique 社会主义人权观及其异议批判

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East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04602006

M. Kopeček

{"title":"The Socialist Conception of Human Rights and Its Dissident Critique","authors":"M. Kopeček","doi":"10.1163/18763308-04602006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04602006","url":null,"abstract":"Much has been written about human rights language as a keystone of democratic dissent in Eastern Europe as well as about its damaging impact on the communist dictatorships—the so called “Helsinki effect.” This article analyzes the less familiar criticism of the core of the socialist theory of human rights and discusses whether this criticism proved to be particularly damaging for the socialist regimes’ legitimacy, self-esteem, and international standing, leading to their defensive stance in this sphere. Simultaneously, it will question, to some extent, the prevailing and rather one-sided “liberal” reading of dissident human rights theory itself. With this aim in mind, the article begins with the specific “developmental” socialist conception of human rights elaborated in the 1950s and the 1960s by prominent legal scholars and philosophers such as I. Szabó and I. Kovács, and outlines how this theory served as a tool of self-confident state socialist human rights politics in the first decades of the Cold War. Second, it will follow the diverging paths of this socialist human rights theory during the period of consolidation and the authoritarian turn in the late 1960s and the 1970s. Third, the article turns to some of the 1970s–80s dissident criticism of human rights abuses in communist countries. It will focus not on the best-known cases, which serve to emphasize encroachments upon civil and political rights and freedoms, but rather on critical approaches (like those of J. Tesař, J. Šabata, O. Solt, M. Duray, or the Solidarity’s Charter of Workers Rights) directed at the heart of the socialist theory of human rights, that is the abuses and unfulfilled promises in the area of social, economic, and—prominently in the Hungarian case—cultural rights.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":"46 1","pages":"261-289"},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18763308-04602006","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43379252","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

Contents 内容

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04602010

引用次数: 0

The Eastern Bloc, Human Rights, and the Global Fight against Apartheid 东方集团、人权和反对种族隔离的全球斗争

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04602007

S. Gehrig, J. Mark, P. Betts, Kim Christiaens, I. Goddeeris

引用次数: 0

Universal Rights or Everyday Necessities? 普遍权利还是日常必需品?

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East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-11-22 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04602001

Anna Delius

{"title":"Universal Rights or Everyday Necessities?","authors":"Anna Delius","doi":"10.1163/18763308-04602001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04602001","url":null,"abstract":"Polish opposition against the state-socialist government emerged out of the political engagement of predominantly left-leaning intellectuals with repressed workers in the 1970s. In their writings, these intellectuals addressed not only workers in the country, but also Western European left-wing intellectuals and politicians. Based on an analysis of relevant samizdat publications, this article shows how Polish intellectuals modified their rhetorical strategies depending on their audience. It thus challenges the monothematic focus on an internationally salient human rights language as the main tool for political empowerment during the 1970s. Whereas the universalizing human rights discourse presented repression and the lack of democratic labor structures negatively, the inner Polish debate between intellectuals and workers initially framed these issues as basic necessities deduced from tangible problems. It was only after two years of organizational work that the Warsaw-based Workers’ Defense Committee, in their “Charter of Workers’ Rights” (1979), depicted repression as a violation of human and labor rights. The rhetoric changed so drastically because the Charter addressed not only workers, but also different target groups on an international and national level. Even so, a singularizing narrative of repression made more sense in the context of Polish labor protests than the adoption of a universalizing human rights language.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-11-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18763308-04602001","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43499935","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 2

The Religious Life of the Industrial Working Class in the Czech Lands? 捷克土地上工业工人阶级的宗教生活?

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04601006

Jakub Štofaník

引用次数: 0

Croatia and the Rise of Fascism: The Youth Movement and the Ustasha During wwii , written by Miljan, Goran 《克罗地亚和法西斯主义的兴起:二战期间的青年运动和乌斯塔沙》，作者:Miljan, Goran

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04601009

R. Clark

引用次数: 0

The Devil Wears White: Teutonic Knights and the Problem of Evil in Polish Historiography 魔鬼穿白色：条顿骑士与波兰史学中的邪恶问题

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04601008

Adam Kożuchowski

{"title":"The Devil Wears White: Teutonic Knights and the Problem of Evil in Polish Historiography","authors":"Adam Kożuchowski","doi":"10.1163/18763308-04601008","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04601008","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses the intersection of moral condemnation, national antagonism, and civilizational critique in the images of the Teutonic Order as presented in Polish historical discourse since the early nineteenth century, with references to their medieval and early modern origins. For more than 150 years, the Order played the role of the archenemy in the historical imagination of Poles. This image is typically considered an element of the anti-German sentiment, fueled by modern nationalism. In this paper I argue that the scale and nature of the demonization of the Teutonic Knights in Polish historiography is more complex, and should be interpreted in the contexts of pre-modern religious rhetoric on the one hand, and the critique of Western civilization from a peripheral or semi-colonial point of view on the other. The durability and flexibility of the black legend of the Order, born in the late Middle Ages, and adapted by Romantic, modern nationalist, and communist historians, makes it a unique phenomenon, surpassing the framework of modern nationalism. It is the modern anti-German stereotype that owes much to this legend, rather than the other way around.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18763308-04601008","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44449901","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1

Environmentalism in Central and Southeastern Europe: Historical Perspectives, written by Petric, Hrvoje, and Ivana Zebec Silj 《中欧和东南欧的环境保护主义:历史视角》，作者:彼得里克、赫沃耶和伊万娜·泽贝克·西尔吉

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04601010

Jan-Henrik Meyer

引用次数: 0

Those Who Count: Expert Practices of Roma Classification, written by Surdu, Mihai 《那些算的人:罗姆人分类的专家实践》，Surdu, Mihai著

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East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04601011

Sunnie Rucker-Chang

引用次数: 0

Approaches to Life Story Analyses of Multigenerational Hungarian Worker Families in the Twentieth Century 20世纪匈牙利多代工人家庭的人生故事分析

IF 0.1

East Central Europe Pub Date : 2019-04-04 DOI: 10.1163/18763308-04601005

Tibor Valuch

{"title":"Approaches to Life Story Analyses of Multigenerational Hungarian Worker Families in the Twentieth Century","authors":"Tibor Valuch","doi":"10.1163/18763308-04601005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1163/18763308-04601005","url":null,"abstract":"The main aim of the research project, that also includes this paper, is the investigation of the social history of Hungarian factory workers from the late nineteenth century to the end of the twentieth century in the case of Ózd, a small industrial city in northeast Hungary. For the purpose of this research the author uses not only the traditional historical and statistical sources and methods, but family history, personal history, and life story approaches too. The basic sources of the research are the registers of births, marriages, and deaths, and various kinds of family history and life story interviews. From this material, the author reconstructs a multigenerational worker family life story. Families were one of the determining groups of the Hungarian working class in the nineteenth and twentieth century. The major questions of the research and paper are the following: How is it possible to reconstruct the life stories of ordinary families and people? How can this reconstruction help us gain a deeper insight into the stratification and the internal power/hierarchical structures of the factory and local society? The first part of the study is an outline of the history of the factory and the settlement. The second part reconstructs and analyzes a typical multigenerational family history as a case study. Finally, the article investigates the process of socialization of multigenerational worker families. Through this analysis the author introduces and characterizes the main elements of the value system and the most typical patterns of social behavior of this section of Hungarian workers from the late nineteenth century to the mid-twentieth century.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2019-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://sci-hub-pdf.com/10.1163/18763308-04601005","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48151987","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 1