East Central Europe最新文献

{"title":"Liberation, Resettlement, and Looting in Postwar Memoirs from Poland","authors":"Jakub Isański","doi":"10.30965/18763308-51010003","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-51010003","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The postwar months and years in Central and Eastern Europe were marked by mass migrations caused by border changes, the return of many refugees and former prisoners to their homes, and many peoples’ search for new places to settle down in the wake of war. Population movements were often marked by a kind of social vacuum that was frequently characterized by lawlessness, plunder, and violence to which civilians were exposed. This article explores the historical and social processes at play in one case of postwar resettlement through an analysis of over one thousand memoirs written during the first three postwar decades in Poland. The memoirs were collected as part of three competitions held between 1956 and 1970. The analysis focuses on the experiences of migrants settling in western Poland in order to examine the phenomenon of mass robbery in its various forms. From both from an individual and institutional perspective, an exploration of the dynamics of looting reveals the complexity of settlement against the chaotic backdrop of the postwar period. As such, this analysis contributes to the postwar history of Poland and the scholarship on looting that accompanies armed conflicts.</p>","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140322955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Why Did Albanians Protect Jews during the Holocaust?","authors":"A. Hoxha","doi":"10.30965/18763308-51010002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-51010002","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000The fact that some Albanians protected Jews during the Holocaust has long been known in Albania and has become increasingly well known in the West since Israel recognized sixty-five Muslim Albanians as Righteous Gentiles. Albanian historians ignored these facts until the fall of communism, and Westerners portrayed Albanian helpers of Jews as generalized mythical Muslims with a medieval culture in an obscure pro-Semitic European oasis rather than as individuals making a variety of choices. This research sheds light on the ideological limitations pervasive in existing Albanian historical scholarship and then draws on twenty-seven new oral history interviews with families who saved Jews to outline a range of reasons that Albanians of various religions, political backgrounds, and social statuses took Jews into their care between 1942 and 1945. Going beyond reductionist nationalist explanations, we see that it was a combination of geographically differentiated socio-cultural, political, economic, and war-specific factors that led to Jews finding safe haven in some areas populated by ethnic Albanians during World War Two.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140388105","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Balkan Cyberia: Cold War Computing, Bulgarian Modernization, and the Information Age Behind the Iron Curtain, written by Petrov, Victor","authors":"Sheng Peng","doi":"10.30965/18763308-51010005","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-51010005","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Psychopathology of Allusion in the Kádár Era","authors":"Zsolt K. Horváth","doi":"10.30965/18763308-51010001","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-51010001","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000After his release from prison in 1963, Ferenc Mérei (1909–1986), a Hungarian psychologist and pedagogue, started working at the National Institute of Neurology and Mental Health (oie), where he and his colleagues established the foundations of Hungarian clinical psychology. The oie was a closed institution dealing with mentally ill patients living on the margins of society, but prisonization also affected the healthy staff. Mérei did not see this liminal situation as a twist of fate but as an opportunity: it was not synonymous with social exclusion but a kind of inverted status in which it was possible to develop a framework for truth-telling and authentic living. According to Victor Turner’s approach, people in a liminal state form communities and learn the implicit language that guarantees the conditions for truth-telling and protects truth-tellers from possible retaliation. Connotation is the key concept in this hermetic use of language, which, as Mérei writes, is “only a part of a hidden whole, known and understood only by the ‘accomplices,’ the ‘initiated’ […].” By examining the expressions, “informal rank,” “hiding kuruc,” “hiding college,” and “hiding school,” which often appear in Mérei’s works, we can observe that these were not only the key concepts of his life story but also the outlines of the social organization of the socialist era in Hungary. They are concepts of a non-democratic age in which “real life” in the moral sense and “real achievement” in the scientific sense were politically persecuted. In this approach, what is seen, read, heard, consumed, and publicly available is all just a false front; the true spirit is forced into opposition or moved underground. This framework refers to the Rákosi and Kádár eras, but at the same time, it opens up to us the meta-history of centuries of persecution.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"(Un)disciplined Patients, (Un)controlled Medical Authority?","authors":"Viola Lászlófi","doi":"10.30965/18763308-51010004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-51010004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000Starting at the end of the 1940s, the so-called “democratic transformation of healthcare” was not limited to the expansion of beneficiaries and making care provided in the system free of charge. It also sought to define the new roles of those who run (physicians) and use (patients) the system. To enforce the implementation of new norms, medical ethics committees were set up, and in many respects, these new structures were integrated into the system of social courts and were tasked mainly with the protection patients’ rights during investigations into complaints against doctors. This article aims to address the following question: What role did the functioning of these medical ethics committees play in healthcare operations organized along socialist principles, considering their involvement in both politics and healthcare? Additionally, what forms of governmentality can be inferred from the ways these committees functioned within the framework of socialist healthcare? To answer these questions, I examine patients’ complaints received by the medical ethics committees, as the core objective of socialist healthcare was to provide quality healthcare and educate individuals about utilizing the socialist healthcare system. My hypothesis is that while the committees exhibited organizational and operational characteristics aligned with the basic institutions of socialist democracy, their ultimate goal was to educate individuals in accordance with the principles of the socialist system. However, the committees’ decisions were influenced by the degrees of autonomy granted to them and existing practices for supervising medical activity prior to the establishment of the state-socialist system. Consequently, they functioned not as guardians of the socialist state’s biopolitics but rather as autonomous bodies of medical advocacy. Although patients used various strategies of argumentation to justify the incompatibility of their grievances with socialist healthcare, doctors did not primarily assess the seriousness of the problems based on patient complaints. Institutional constraints and specific professional practices, which also played a role in medical activities, had a more significant impact on the decision-making process.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387756","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Feminist Mobilization for Reproductive Rights in State Socialist Hungary","authors":"Fanni Svégel","doi":"10.30965/18763308-51010006","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-51010006","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000This article scrutinizes the role of the signature-collection campaign of 1973 in the protection of legal abortion based on contemporary oral histories and archival sources. Following an examination of the atmosphere and events that triggered this resistance action and a discussion of the history of socialist abortion legislation in Hungary, this essay offers an analysis of the counterculture’s gendered relations. I hypothesize that the petition was developed on feminist grounds, but due to the diversity of the signatories’ motivations, it cannot be exclusively identified as a feminist action. However, the historical experience of collective civil action against a potentially destructive biopolitical measure is particularly significant in the present, when the struggle for reproductive rights has again come to the forefront of political battles in Hungary and across the world.","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.1,"publicationDate":"2024-03-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140387954","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Postsocialist Contemporary: The Institutionalization of Artistic Practice in Eastern Europe after 1989, written by Octavian, Esanu","authors":"Kristóf Nagy","doi":"10.30965/18763308-50020011","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-50020011","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253976","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Unmaking Détente: Yugoslavia, the United States, and the Global Cold War, 1968–1980, written by Lazic, Milorad","authors":"Helena Stolnik Trenkić","doi":"10.30965/18763308-50020012","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-50020012","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253975","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Empty Signs, Historical Imaginaries: The Entangled Nationalization of Names and Naming in a Late Habsburg Borderland, written by Ágoston, Berecz","authors":"Gábor Egry","doi":"10.30965/18763308-50020013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-50020013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253977","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"The Fiume Crisis: Life in the Wake of the Habsburg Empire, written by Dominique Kirchner, Reill","authors":"Máté Rigó","doi":"10.30965/18763308-50020010","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.30965/18763308-50020010","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":40651,"journal":{"name":"East Central Europe","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136253979","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}