Geographical Review of Japan-Series B最新文献

{"title":"Introduction of New Commercial Crops into a Rural Village: A Case of Horticulture Production in Dedaur Village, UP, India","authors":"Araki Hitoshi, C. Singh","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.174","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.174","url":null,"abstract":"From the viewpoint of the food chain and based on an intensive survey, we discussed the growth of horticulture and the impact on remote rural villages. A case-study village was selected in Raebareli District, Uttar Pradesh, that is outside the area directly affected by big cities like Lucknow and Kanpur, in order to investigate the real situation of farmers engaged in the newly developed horticulture. According to the survey some farmers can get higher income from the recently introduced commercial crops such as banana, mango and menthol but the cost of cultivation is not small. Therefore, only higher-level farmers can introduce these high-income commercial crops and the lower-level ones cannot. In this sense the direct impact of the newly introduced commercial crops is exclusive to the higher-level farmers. But we focused on the increase in employment opportunities for agricultural laborers within the village. This is created by the commercial crop farming of higher-level farmers. Lower-level villagers cannot self-directively engage in agricultural labor in the horticultural sector, though the higher-level farmers can develop their self-directive farm management. However, in whatever form, expansion of cash income opportunities has brought chances to improve quality of life in remote rural areas where there are very few non-agricultural employment opportunities. It is important for the village to introduce commercial crops as a form of horticultural crop that needs much manpower to cultivate. Such crops carry significance for the village economy, more so than the traditional crops that have been mechanized and need little manpower to cultivate.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"8 1","pages":"174-188"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72667560","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Visualizing the Sightseeing Potential of Urban Recreational Spaces: A Study of Weighted Scores on the Density Estimation of Points of Visual Interest","authors":"S. Koun","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.189","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.189","url":null,"abstract":"Understanding the type of spaces and scenery that people prefer is important when designing and managing tourist destinations. A technique based on participants’ own photography has been used to analyze visitors’ scenic perceptions during their on-site experiences. We created a density map of visitors’ photo-taking locations and thus evaluated the space potential, based on their visual preferences. This study attempts to reduce certain biases by modeling the maps using the kernel density estimation (KDE) method. Two types of weighted scores are used in the density computation and five indicators are set as the components of the weighted scores: the scores of likeability which indicates the emotional distance with each photograph, the scores based on the object types of photos, the reciprocal number of photographs created by each participant, the distance between the photo-taking locations and the participants’ starting points, and the reciprocal of the photo-taking time. The weighted scores enabled more accurate density maps of the photo-taking locations, better indicating the potential of locations when compared to the result with non-weighted scores. The results will contribute to park management and to policies relating to the conservation, maintenance, and promotion of visual resources.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"13 1","pages":"189-197"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87807274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Geographical Study of the Disaster in Japan","authors":"Kumaki Yohta","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.132","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.132","url":null,"abstract":"Japan is subject to disasters due to its natural condition. Until the 1970s, the relationship between river flood and the geomorphological condition in alluvial plains was studied and the results were applied to hazard mapping. After the 1980s, landslide and debris flow, earthquake, and volcanic activity became the main problems of disaster prevention. After the Great Hanshin Awaji Earthquake Disaster of 1995, geographical studies on earthquake disaster have increased. The Association of Japanese Geographers (AJG) established the Commission of Disaster Responses in 2001, and the commission holds symposia on disasters from the geographical viewpoint every year in the general meeting of the AJG. The mapping of the tsunami stricken area of the Great East Japan Earthquake Disaster of 2011 was carried out by a special team of the Association of Japanese Geographers. A study relating to that disaster is being conducted now in the fields of physical geography and human geography. The role of the Japanese geographer is becoming very important throughout the world in the study of disasters.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"24 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75836182","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Japanese Tourism Geography in the 2000s: Researchers, Textbooks and Academic Papers in Japan","authors":"Arima Takayuki","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.111","url":null,"abstract":"This article attempts to examine the changes in Japanese tourism geography in the 2000s, clarifying the results of its researchers, textbooks and academic papers, and consider future visions. The most notable development in the changing demographics of the researchers is a drop in the average age. Young researchers who are mainly university students have had the chance to learn tourism geography as a first discipline at their universities. However, judging by the evidence from textbooks, tourism geography in Japan only began to be admitted as an academic discipline in this decade and a statement of definition of tourism geography is going to be more related to ‘space’ mind rather than ‘region’ mind. On the other hand, however, none of the textbooks have introduced a common theory or models of tourism space. As regards academic papers in the 2000s, peer-reviewed papers tend to be in major geographical journals in Japan, but a higher number of papers are published in bulletins. This situation may arise from the fact that tourism geography is based mostly on regional studies. Also the methodology of Japanese tourism geography is not as advanced compared with the rest of the world, and more scientific methodology is needed in the research such as statistical method, qualitative survey methods, GIS or collaborative methods with the physical sciences.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"11 1","pages":"120-131"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87825472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Changes in the Mountain Farming of France: An Analysis of the Relationship between Farm Management and Policy","authors":"Ichikawa Yasuo","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.138","url":null,"abstract":"The objective of this study is to clarify the changes of agriculture in mountainous regions under the Common Agricaltural Policy (CAP) by focusing on the relationship between farm management and agricultural policy in the mountainous regions of France. In particular, a composition of income from subsidies that accounted for the total agricultural income and an investigation on the perspectives of farm households were emphasized. Since the 1960s, structural policy has differentiated between dairy husbandry management and other Mezenc operations, decreased the agricultural population, increased the number of corporation management companies, and increased productivity by agricultural production engineering and the breed improvement of livestock and grain. Meanwhile, production control policy promoted management differentiation between dairy farmers of Mezenc and diversified management types by preferential measures for beef cattle and sheep. As for agricultural income, it was clarified that the dependence of beef cattle farmers and farmers of mixed sheep on subsidies was high because of payment for the number of livestock and because dairy farmers who could not receive payment connected directly to production were disadvantaged in receiving a subsidy. However, it was clarified that cross-compliance (environment compliance rules) for subsidy requirements increased the burden of farm households and, as a result, decreased the motivation for farming operations; hence, there exists a backlash against the system and the government.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"1 1","pages":"138-156"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77112535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Sustainability of Rural Land Use Based on an Integrated Tourism Model in Mae Kampong Village, Chiang Mai Province, Thailand","authors":"Khaokhrueamuang Amnaj","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.157","url":null,"abstract":"This paper recreates an appropriate tourism model to sustain rural land use in Mae Kampong village, Chiang Mai province, Thailand. The study focuses on the village’s current land use and existing tourism management. The data, collected by interview and field observation, were analyzed and compared with tourism trends in the area for modification into an integrated tourism model for sustainable rural land use. In this paper, the sustainability of rural land use is shown to derive from the maintenance and increase of community capital, including natural, human, social, financial or built, and cultural capital. These categories of capital can also be comparably merged with four elements of rural land use sustainability, ecological, economic, social, and cultural sustainability as a conceptual framework for an integrated tourism model. Land use in Mae Kampong village can be sustained by the existing tourism management model, which has been integrated mainly by community-based tourism and ecotourism. Recently, however, long-stay tourism and health tourism have arisen with the possibility of creating new resources and generating new wealth from tourism and rural land use, such as an increase in rental houses and resort hotels, the development of health products from forest tea, and the organic local food served to tourists in homestays. The recreated tourism model, therefore, is integrated by four types of tourism, community-based, long-stay, health, and ecotourism, so as to achieve a higher living standard which attributed the overall rural land use sustainability to four components of its sustainability.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"197 1 1","pages":"157-173"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-03-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85606950","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Preface to the Special Issue on the 8th Japan-Korea-China Joint Conference on Geography","authors":"Araki Hitoshi","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.87.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.87.1","url":null,"abstract":"Japan-Korea-China Joint Conference on Geography 2013 opened at Hakozaki campus of Kyushu University on July 31, and drew to a successful close in Kyoto on August 5, after the 2 day academic session and the 2 days of excursion. It was the 8th conference since the first conference in Beijing, China in 2006 and the third conference that was held in Japan after the Kumamoto conference in 2007 and the Sendai conference in 2010. The details of this conference are reported by the secretary-generals, Konno Ena and Norito Takashi in the pages that follow. We have accepted the challenges of academic exchanges and the development of young East Asian geographers through a series of conferences in Japan, Korea and China. At the 5th meeting in Sendai we instituted the Young Geographer Award and have continued to encourage young geographers for their outstanding achievements since then. The award winners are selected from young geographers who submitted the prescribed proceedings before the conference through the screening process. The three winners were announced at the closing ceremony of the last conference on August 2. The winners and their presentation titles are as follows: (Alphabetical order)","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"31 1","pages":"1-1"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86613319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Localization and product feature differentiation for a Japanese electronic and electric parts manufacturer: Case study of company a in Shanghai","authors":"Y. Abe, H. Jing","doi":"10.4157/GRJ.87.248","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GRJ.87.248","url":null,"abstract":"265— — This paper is a case study of a sales subsidiary that handles intermediate goods for Company A, a large Japanese electronics and electric parts manufacturer in Shanghai, PR China. In the study, we researched how vertically disintegrated business transactions affected customer makeup, localization of human resources, and the relationship between the Japanese head office and local subsidiaries. Recently, Japanese electronics and electric parts manufacturers have often undertaken the sale of intermediate goods. They have combined sales to both foreign manufacturers, such as Chinese makers, and to Japanese manufacturers, including companies within their own business groups. In this paper, we looked at three sales departments that handled intermediate goods for Company A. We focused on how to develop a market strategy and concomitant human resource strategy to respond to vertical disintegration, which has been expanding recently, as well as to conventional vertical integration. We concluded that among the three sales departments, the first sales department had a high percentage of sales to Chinese corporations and was promoting the most Chinese staff to management positions. We also found that by accepting proposals from local subsidiaries it was developing and selling products that met the needs of the Chinese market. On the other hand, the second and third sales departments had a low percentage of sales to Chinese corporations, were promoting few Chinese staff to management positions, and were developing almost no specialized products for the Chinese market. In the third sales department in particular, sales to group companies and other Japanese corporations accounted for almost all of total sales, and this department had made no progress in promoting local staff to management positions. The reason is that this department sells vertically integrated products, which are customized parts jointly developed with the customers from the design and development stage to meet the customers’ needs. Therefore a high level of technological capability is required from the customer as well. For this reason, the Japanese head office makes the selections and decisions regarding customers, sales prices, and quantities, and local subsidiaries simply do backup work. On the other hand, the second sales department sells low-priced products and must increase sales to Chinese companies. In the","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"57 1","pages":"248-266"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2014-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79802978","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"A Review of Geographical Studies on Manufacturing Industries in Japan","authors":"Matsuhashi Koji, Mizuno Masahiko, Kashima Hiroshi, Oda Hironobu","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.82","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.82","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to review geographical studies on manufacturing industries in Japan over the past two decades, with particular focus on industrial agglomeration, the geography of large manufacturing firms, and indus- trial regions. Academic discussions on industrial agglomerations in Japan have shared some common subjects with those in North America and Europe, but took a different direction from the latter in the Japanese economic context. Empirical studies on industrial agglomeration have been tackled from diverse viewpoints. It is not easy to sum up their main view. In order to prevent the discussion from scattering, empirical studies have to be particularly sensitive to the geographic scale and its spatial characteristics. It is also important that the many theoretical works, conducted more than in other countries, provide the common base of discussion in empirical studies. Since the 1990s, global- ization has brought about a rise in foreign direct investment in Asia through Japanese multi-national enterprises (MNEs), and at the same time, \"hollowing out\" of industries appeared on the Japanese manufacturing landscape. However, studies on shifting spatial systems within Japanese manufacturing remain insufficient in their attempt to understand the real character of spatial systems in terms of the international division of labor in East and South Asia. It is necessary to take up the following three issues both theoretically and empirically: first, the production systems of the Japanese MNEs in East and South Asian countries; second, inter-regional and international division of labor in East and South Asia; and third, the repercussions of locating abroad and offshoring manufacturing on industrial regions within the home country. Relocation abroad and offshoring of manufacturing have brought about an unequal development among industrial regions. Empirical work on the economic and social effects through the increasing reorganization of industrial regions has emerged as important. In addition to these issues, seeking an alternative sys- tem of local manufacturing for survival, creating high-value-added jobs and innovative activities, poses the emerging challenge in the study of this sphere.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"43 1","pages":"82-91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2013-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80459769","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

{"title":"Development of Contemporary India Area Studies as Part of Geographical Studies in Japan since the 1980s","authors":"Okahashi Hidenori","doi":"10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.40","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4157/GEOGREVJAPANB.86.40","url":null,"abstract":"This article examines research on modern India carried out by Japanese geographers, specifically since the 1980s. The studies were undertaken during a period corresponding with partial economic liberalization during the 1980s and full-fledged economic liberalization since 1991, when India's transition from stagnant to dynamic be- came apparent. This paper investigates a variety of factors in India's development. First it examines research relating to the changes in agriculture and the rural development that were key to India's economic development. Second, it examines the dynamic features bringing about major regional changes as part of economic liberalization to include reorganization of spatial structures pertaining to industrialization and the formation of new industrial regions, the progression of urbanization and development of major cities, and economic growth. During this period, the research conducted by Japanese geographers yielded many important achievements and results based on fieldwork. Because the research has been conducted in an era of economic liberalization and rapid economic growth, there are a number of studies that provide insights into the socioeconomic changes in India's cities, villages, and the mechanisms behind them. However, research studies on metropolitan cities and on the spatial structures of a nationwide scale have only just got underway, and we hope for more systematic research on them in the future.","PeriodicalId":40646,"journal":{"name":"Geographical Review of Japan-Series B","volume":"22 1","pages":"40-51"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2013-07-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"90148229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}