The Open Zoology Journal最新文献_第4页

A Preliminary Study of Cadmium Effects on the Adrenal Gland of the Lizard Podarcis sicula~!2009-11-25~!2010-03-23~!2010-05-14~! 镉对斑足蜥肾上腺影响的初步研究2009-11-25 2010-03-23 2010-05-14

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2010-05-17 DOI: 10.2174/1874336601003020023

M. Falco, R. Sciarrillo, S. Valiante, A. Sellitti, B. Valentino, A. Capaldo, V. Laforgia

{"title":"A Preliminary Study of Cadmium Effects on the Adrenal Gland of the Lizard Podarcis sicula~!2009-11-25~!2010-03-23~!2010-05-14~!","authors":"M. Falco, R. Sciarrillo, S. Valiante, A. Sellitti, B. Valentino, A. Capaldo, V. Laforgia","doi":"10.2174/1874336601003020023","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874336601003020023","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal that can act as endocrine disruptor. Cadmium has the property to accumulate in several organs after entering the body and it principally accumulates in the adrenal glands. Although the uptake mechanisms for the cellular accumulation of Cd are unknown, the most common hypothesis states that Cd uptake involves competition with essential elements such as Ca or Zn for specific transport systems. Cd induces several effects such as cell death, carcinogenesis and disruption of neurotransmitter and hormone action. Particularly, cadmium is able to alter adrenocortical function inducing an impaired capacity to secrete cortisol by steroidogenic cells of the adrenocortical tissues and stimulating catecholamine secretion. In the present paper, we investigated the effects of cadmium exposure on the adrenal gland morphology of the lizard Podarcis sicula. For this purpose, we performed two different treatments in order to investigate cadmium effects after both acute and chronic treatments. We have demonstrated that cadmium has toxic effects on the lizard Podarcis sicula. Specifically, cadmium induces, in a time-dependent manner, steroidogenic cord hyperplasia, disorganization of steroidogenic parenchyma until necrotic degeneration that in turn evokes macrophage infiltration.","PeriodicalId":404991,"journal":{"name":"The Open Zoology Journal","volume":"88 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200210","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 6

Trehalose in three species of desiccation tolerant tardigrades 三种耐干燥缓步动物的海藻糖

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2010-04-21 DOI: 10.2174/1874336601003010001

K. I. Jonsson, O. Persson

引用次数: 51

A Molecular Cytogenetic Study on Some Icelandic Amphipods (Crustacea) by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)~!2009-03-26~!2009-06-29~!2009-10-15~! 荧光原位杂交(FISH)对冰岛部分片脚类动物(甲壳类)分子细胞遗传学的研究

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2009-10-15 DOI: 10.2174/1874336600902010109

A. Libertini, M. Rampin

{"title":"A Molecular Cytogenetic Study on Some Icelandic Amphipods (Crustacea) by Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH)~!2009-03-26~!2009-06-29~!2009-10-15~!","authors":"A. Libertini, M. Rampin","doi":"10.2174/1874336600902010109","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874336600902010109","url":null,"abstract":"A cytogenetical investigation was carried out on 8 species of amphipods from Iceland by using conventional staining, C-banding, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) with rDNA and telomeric repeat probes, and flow cytometry genome size evaluation. Previously reported data on chromosome number were confirmed and the karyotype formula was determined for the first time in 3 species. The tendency of amphipods to be endowed by high symmetric karyotypes was once again pointed out. Heterochromatin distribution on chromosomes was revealed by C-banding and DAPI staining after FISH treatment. Heterochromatic bands are mainly centromeric and their total extension is directly proportional to genome sizes. The genome size (GS) in Icelandic species was relatively higher in comparison with the GS of related species from temperate climate, as a probable pre-adaptation to cold climate. Application of FISH with a rDNA probe evidenced a great variability among species concerning the number of autosome pairs carrying the nucleolar organizer regions (from 1 to 5). A probe containing the 'arthropod' type telomeric motif TTAGG was the only one to hybridize with the chromosomal termini in all the investigated amphipods. The molecular cytogenetical methods demonstrated to be a powerful tool to find differences in genome organization among related species of amphipods characterized by conservative karyotypes.","PeriodicalId":404991,"journal":{"name":"The Open Zoology Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130243004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 4

Physiological Energetics of Blue Shrimp Penaeus stylirostris (Stimpson) Juveniles Acclimated To Different Salinities~!2009-04-15~!2009-06-27~!2009-09-07~! 不同盐度条件下stylirostris对虾幼虾的生理能量特性

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2009-09-04 DOI: 10.2174/1874336600902010102

A. Re, F. Díaz, G. Valdez, Marisela Flores, M. López

引用次数: 4

Anatomy and Histology of the Spiral Valve Intestine in Juvenile Australian Lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri 澳洲肺鱼幼鱼螺旋瓣肠的解剖与组织学研究

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2009-06-02 DOI: 10.2174/1874336601002009062

M. Hassanpour, J. Joss

{"title":"Anatomy and Histology of the Spiral Valve Intestine in Juvenile Australian Lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri","authors":"M. Hassanpour, J. Joss","doi":"10.2174/1874336601002009062","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874336601002009062","url":null,"abstract":"The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, is the only vertebrate that possesses a complete spiral valve intestine with pre-pyloric coiling. This study describes the anatomy and histology of the spiral valve intestine in juvenile N. forsteri and compares it to a previous study of adult N. forsteri, thus providing a broader picture and better understanding of the intestine of the Australian lungfish. Not surprisingly, most features of the spiral valve intestine in juvenile and adult N. forsteri are similar. However, our study goes further to show that, unlike most other vertebrates, the stomach (pre-pyloris) is non-distensible (lacks rugae). Rugae are confined to the post-pyloric duodenum. The epithelium of the pyloric fold, between foregut and midgut, is ciliated and the presence of lymphoid tissue in the pyloric fold implies the involvement of this region in the immune system. Lymphoid tissue is also present around the posterior spleen in the medial axis, which indicates a broader gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) in juvenile Neoceratodus than has been previously recognized in adult Neoceratodus. This study also found some node-like structures in the epithelium of the mucosal tissue, which resemble the Peyer's patches of other more advanced vertebrates. Furthermore, a previously unreported parasite was found in the spleen encased in fibrous tissue, indicating an immune response had been mounted by the host against it. These latter observations suggest that a thorough investigation of GALT in Neoceratodus is warranted.","PeriodicalId":404991,"journal":{"name":"The Open Zoology Journal","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-06-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116200206","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 19

How many pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) can be removed? A study on small protected areas in Italy 多少只野鸡(Phasianus colchicus L.)可以被清除?意大利小型保护区研究

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2009-04-21 DOI: 10.2174/1874336601002009042

M. Ferretti, S. Porrini, F. Zalli, L. Cellini, G. Paci, M. Bagliacca

{"title":"How many pheasants (Phasianus colchicus L.) can be removed? A study on small protected areas in Italy","authors":"M. Ferretti, S. Porrini, F. Zalli, L. Cellini, G. Paci, M. Bagliacca","doi":"10.2174/1874336601002009042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874336601002009042","url":null,"abstract":"In Italy the maintenance and the increase of wild pheasant populations is mainly obtained in small-Protected Areas (PA) suitable for wildlife reproduction. In these areas a part of the resident population is regularly captured and transferred to the hunting zones in the winter time. The aim of the study is to determine the right number of pheasant to be removed from this protected area without causing damage and thus maintaining a balance in the resident population. Since 2000, flush counts census were conducted in 30 PAs in the Florence province during the summer time (post-reproduction period), using dogs experienced at rooting out the pheasants. We made estimates for each PA in the number of adult males, adult females and sexually undifferentiated young pheasants. We calculated post-reproduction density and the ratios of young/adults and males/females. These parameters were used to construct a model to predict the pheasants catches in the next winter. The study showed that the minimum census surface covered must be more than 9% of the total area studied. Smaller cover- age gave biased estimations of pheasant numbers to be caught. The best generic model, to be used for surfaces between 297 and 1385 ha, located in Mediterranean habitats, was the following: total number of pheasants to be captured and relocated = -10.3 + 0.15*total number of female pheasants estimated in the protected area + 0.14* total number of young pheasants estimated in the protected area + 0.04*total surface of the protected area (R 2 = 0.48).","PeriodicalId":404991,"journal":{"name":"The Open Zoology Journal","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2009-04-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114761295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 0

Dynamics of Hepatic Melanogenesis in Newts in Recovery Phase from Hypoxia~!2008-11-17~!2008-12-01~!2009-01-26~! 缺氧恢复期蝾螈肝脏黑色素生成的动态变化

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2009-01-26 DOI: 10.2174/1874336600902010001

G. Frangioni, S. Bianchi, G. Fuzzi, G. Borgioli

引用次数: 2

Habitat Variation Among Aquatic Gastropod Assemblages of Indiana, USA~!2008-11-19~!2008-12-24~!2009-01-22~! 美国印第安纳州腹足类水生动物群落的生境变异

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2009-01-26 DOI: 10.2174/1874336600902010008

M. Pyron, J. Beugly, Matthew Spielman, J. Pritchett, S. Jacquemin

引用次数: 5

Early Development of the Cranial Nerves in a Primitive Vertebrate, the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon Marinus L. 原始脊椎动物海七鳃鳗脑神经的早期发育。

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2008-10-24 DOI: 10.2174/1874336600801010037

A. Barreiro-Iglesias, Maria Pilar Gomez-Lopez, R. Anadón, M. Rodicio

{"title":"Early Development of the Cranial Nerves in a Primitive Vertebrate, the Sea Lamprey, Petromyzon Marinus L.","authors":"A. Barreiro-Iglesias, Maria Pilar Gomez-Lopez, R. Anadón, M. Rodicio","doi":"10.2174/1874336600801010037","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874336600801010037","url":null,"abstract":"The early development of the cranial nerves of the sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., was studied in em- bryos and early prolarvae by immunocytochemical techniques with the marker for post-mitotic neurons acetylated ￻ - tubulin. The trigeminal and facial nerves were first observed in embryos 9 days post fertilisation. The glossopharyngeal and vagal nerves appeared later, which indicates a rostrocaudal gradient in differentiation of branchiomeric nerves. The anterior and posterior lateral line, octaval and hypoglossal nerves also appeared in early developmental stages, but the ocular motor nerves were not observed in prolarvae. The present results indicate that, in comparison with cranial nerves and ganglia organisation reported in larval and adult lampreys, organisational changes occur in the cranial nerves between the prolarval and larval stages. One important change is the disappearance of the pharyngeal branch of the facial nerve, which was not previously reported to be present in larval and adult lampreys, whereas it had been observed in earlier de- velopmental stages. Comparison of the present results with those from studies carried out in other vertebrate species, in- cluding the Japanese lamprey, suggests that the developmental pattern of the cranial nerves is conserved in agnathans and differs from that reported in other vertebrate groups. As maturation of lamprey eyes and extraocular muscles is completed at metamorphosis, there appears to be a correlation between the late development of eye-related cranial nerves in lampreys and the anatomical structures that they innervate.","PeriodicalId":404991,"journal":{"name":"The Open Zoology Journal","volume":"82 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127110550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 12

Nitric Oxide as an Efferent Modulator of Circadian Pacemaker Neurones in the Eye of the Marine Mollusc Bulla gouldiana 一氧化氮作为海洋软体动物古黛娜眼内昼夜节律起搏器神经元的传出调节剂

The Open Zoology Journal Pub Date : 2008-08-26 DOI: 10.2174/1874336600801010018

T. Bullmann, P. Stevenson

{"title":"Nitric Oxide as an Efferent Modulator of Circadian Pacemaker Neurones in the Eye of the Marine Mollusc Bulla gouldiana","authors":"T. Bullmann, P. Stevenson","doi":"10.2174/1874336600801010018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874336600801010018","url":null,"abstract":"An antiserum against the nitric oxide (NO) synthetase labelled varicosities surrounding circadian pacemaker cells (\"basal retinal neurons\", BRNs) in the eye of the marine mollusc Bulla gouldiana. These profiles appear to arise from extrinsic neurons with axons entering the eye via the optic nerve and are distinct from FMRFamide containing pro- files, which represent the only efferent optic fibres in Bulla. In intact, dark-adapted eyes, the NO-donor SNAP (S-nitroso- N-acetylpenicillamine) had no obvious effect on BRN activity recorded from the optic nerve. However, the light response of these circadian pacemaker neurones was reversibly enhanced by 8-bromo-cGMP, a tissue permeable analogue of cyclic guanosine monophosphate, and reduced by L-NAME (N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester), a specific but irreversible inhibi- tor of NO synthesis. Furthermore, isolated BRNs in primary cell culture responded to the NO-donor SNAP with an ele- vated intracellular calcium concentration as measured by fluorescent calcium imaging using fura-2. This effect was blocked in the presence of the calcium chelator ethylene glycol tetra acetic acid (EGTA), and mimicked by application of the phosphodiesterase blocker isobutylmethylxanthine (IBMX). We propose that NO released from neurons entering the eyes, modulates the light responsiveness of the circadian pacemaker cells in Bulla by activating cGMP-gated calcium channels.","PeriodicalId":404991,"journal":{"name":"The Open Zoology Journal","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2008-08-26","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131071520","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}

引用次数: 7